3,263 research outputs found
Isolation And Characterization Of Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci For The Horn Fly, Haematobia Irritans (l.) (diptera: Muscidae)
No full textThe horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), is a cosmopolitan livestock pest that has caused a great negative impact on the animal production sector throughout the world. Here, we describe 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from H. irritans. The number of alleles found ranged from two to eight per locus and the expected heterozygosity from 0.1421 to 0.7702. These loci are potentially useful for the fine-scale genetic characterization of horn fly populations and provide fundamental information for pest management and planning of control programs. © 2008 The Authors.85971973Byford, R.L., Craig, M.E., Derouen, S.M., Al, E., Influence of permethrin, diazinon and ivermectin treatments on insecticide resistance in the horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) (1999) International Journal of Parasitology, 29 (1), pp. 125-135Castiglioni, L., De Campos Bicudo, H.E., Molecular characterization and relatedness of Haematobia irritans (horn fly) populations, by RAPD-PCR (2005) Genetica, 124 (1), pp. 11-21Infante-Vargas, M.E., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Genetic variability in mitochondrial DNA of screwworm, Cochiomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), from Brazil (1995) Biochemical Genetics, 33, pp. 737-756Oliveira, M.T., De Azeredo-Espin, A.M., Lessinger, A.C., Evolutionary and structural analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from Haematobia irritans, Stomoxys calcitrans and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) mitochondrial DNA (2005) DNA Sequence, 16 (2), pp. 156-160Oliveira, M.T., Da Rosa, A.C., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Lessinger, A.C., Improving access to the control region and tRNA gene clusters of Dipteran mitochondrial DNA. (2006) Journal of Medical Entomology, 43 (3), pp. 636-639Oliveira, M.T., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Lessinger, A.C., The Mitochondrial DNA Control Region of Muscidae Flies: Evolution and Structural Conservation in a Dipteran Context. (2007) Journal of Molecular Evolution, 64 (3), pp. 519-527Raymond, M., Rousset, F., Genepop (version 1.2): Population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism (1995) Journal of Heredity, 86 (3), pp. 248-249Rice, W.R., Analyzing tables of statistical tests (1989) Evolution, 43, pp. 223-225Rozen, S., Skaletsky, H.J., (1998) Primer 3, , http://frodo.wi.mit.edu/cgi-bin/primer3/primer3_www.cgi, Code available atSambrook, J., Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F., (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, , 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New YorkTorres, T.T., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Development of new polymorphic microsatellite markers for the New World screw-worm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2005) Molecular Ecology Notes, 5, pp. 815-81
Genetic Approaches For Studying Myiasis-causing Flies: Molecular Markers And Mitochondrial Genomics
No full text"Myiasis-causing flies" is a generic term that includes species from numerous dipteran families, mainly Calliphoridae and Oestridae, of which blowflies, screwworm flies and botflies are among the most important. This group of flies is characterized by the ability of their larvae to develop in animal flesh. When the host is a live vertebrate, such parasitism by dipterous larvae is known as primary myiasis. Myiasis-causing flies can be classified as saprophagous (free-living species), facultative or obligate parasites. Many of these flies are of great medical and veterinary importance in Brazil because of their role as key livestock insect-pests and vectors of pathogens, in addition to being considered important legal evidence in forensic entomology. The characterization of myiasis-causing flies using molecular markers to study mtDNA (by RFLP) and nuclear DNA (by RAPD and microsatellite) has been used to identify the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for specific patterns of genetic variability. These approaches have been successfully used to analyze the population structures of the New World screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax and the botfly Dermatobia hominis. In this review, various aspects of the organization, evolution and potential applications of the mitochondrial genome of myiasis-causing flies in Brazil, and the analysis of nuclear markers in genetic studies of populations, are discussed. © Springer 2006.12601/02/15111131Avancini, R.M.P., Linhares, A.X., Selective attractiveness of rodent-baited traps for female blowflies (1988) Med. Vet. Entomol., 2, pp. 73-76Avancini, R.M.P., Prado, A.P., Oogenesis in Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (1986) Int. J. Insect Morphol. 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A direct A.C. to A.C. regenerative frequency and voltage converter
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.The reliable variable speed operation of an a. c. machine over a wide speed range is a problem that has received attention for some time. In this thesis a system to permit such operation from a fixed frequency fixed voltage supply is proposed, under the name of the asynchronous modulation converter. This converter is of the cycloconverter family, but is force-commutated and is not synchronised with the supply frequency. The power switching element comprises a power transistor in a diode bridge, coupled to the control circuitry by opto-isolators. The output of the a-mod converter is produced by a "chopper" modulation process and this results in the harmonics present being at frequencies well removed from the fundamental. A feedback system to ensure smooth commutation of the output current from the power switches is described. This feedback system operates by sensing the rate of rise of the inductive voltage surge on the load when a switch is opened to operate a freewheel path switch
The Value Of Pcr-rflp Molecular Markers For The Differentiation Of Immature Stages Of Two Necrophagous Flies (diptera: Calliphoridae) Of Potential Forensic Importance [o Valor De Marcadores Moleculares Do Tipo Pcr-rflp Para A Diferenciação De Estágios Imaturos De Duas Moscas Necrófagas (diptera: Calliphoridae) De Potencial Importância Forense]
No full textThe identification of insect species involved in corpses decomposition is of particular importance in estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) in forensic science, since the PMI is based on information about the life cycle of necrophagous insects. However, the identification of some insect species, especially in their immature stages, may be complicated by many factors, even for experienced taxonomists. Species of the same genus such as Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) and H. semidiaphana (Rondani) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are morphologically and behaviorally very similar, but differ in their growth and maturation rates. These species are abundant in forests, exclusively necrophagous and, therefore, are of potential medicolegal importance for estimating the PMI in criminal events that would take place in those areas. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in the differentiation of these two species. Two specific regions of mitochondrial DNA, the Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the control region (CR), were amplified by PCR and digested using restriction endonucleases. The cleavage patterns generated by the endonucleases DraI and SspI were suitable for differentiating the two Hemilucilia species. This method can be helpful for the forensic entomologist in estimating the PMI because it provides a fast identification, also making possible the use of the insect at any life stage, including immature specimens, regardless of the conditions of preservation (dead or live specimens).345777783Amorim, J.A., Ribeiro, O.B., Distinction among the puparia of three blowfly species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) frequently found on unburied corpses (2001) Mem. Inst. 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Genet, 33, pp. 737-756Lessinger, A.C., Junqueira, A.C.M., Conte, F.F., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Analysis of a conserved duplicate tRNA gene in the mitochondrial genome of blowflies (2004) Gene, 339, pp. 1-6Lessinger, A.C., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Evolution and structural organisation of the mitochondrial DNA control region of myiasis-causing flies (2000) Med. Vet. Entomol, 14, pp. 71-80Litjens, P., Lessinger, A.C., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Characterization of the screwworm flies Cochliomyia hominivorax and Cochliomyia macellaria by PCR-RFLP of mitochondrial DNA (2001) Med. Vet. Entomol, 15, pp. 183-188Liu, D., Greenberg, B., Immature stages of some flies of forensic importance (1989) Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am, 82, pp. 80-93Lunt, D.H., Zhang, D.X., Szymura, J.M., Hewitt, G.M., The insect cytochrome oxidase I gene: Evolutionary patterns and conserved primers for phylogenetic studies (1996) Insect Mol. 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Evolutionary And Structural Analysis Of The Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (coi) Gene From Haematobia Irritans, Stomoxys Calcitrans And Musca Domestica (diptera: Muscidae) Mitochondrial Dna
No full textThis work describes the molecular characterization of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of the mitochondrial DNA from three species of great medical and veterinary importance: the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans and the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) (Linnaeus). The nucleotide sequence in all species was 1536 bp in size and coded for a 512 amino acid peptide. The nucleotide bias for an A + T-rich sequence is linked to three features: a high A + T content throughout the entire gene, a high A + T content in the third codon position, and a predominance of A + T-rich codons. An anomalous TCG (serine) start codon was identified. Comparative analysis among members of the Muscidae, Scatophagidae, Calliphoridae and Drosophilidae showed high levels of nucleotide sequence conservation. Analysis of the divergent amino acids and COI protein topologies among these three Muscidae species agreed with the evolutionary model suggested for the insect mitochondrial COI protein. The characterization of the structure and evolution of this gene could be informative for further evolutionary analysis of dipteran species. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Ltd.162156160Beard, C.B., Hamm, D.M., Collins, F.H., The mitochondrial genome of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae: DNA sequence, genome organization, and comparisons with mitochondrial sequences of other insects (1993) Insect Mol Biol, 2, pp. 103-124Bernasconi, M.V., Valsangiacomo, C., Piffaretti, J.C., Ward, P.I., Phylogenetic relationships among Muscoidea (Diptera: Calyptratae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences (2000) Insect Mol Biol, 9, pp. 67-74Caterino, M.S., Cho, S., Sperling, F.A.H., The current state of insect molecular systematics: A thriving Tower of Babel (2000) Annu Rev Entomol, 45, pp. 1-54Crozier, R.H., Crozier, Y.C., The mitochondrial genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera: Complete sequence and genome organization (1993) Genetics, 133, pp. 97-117Foster, P.G., Jermiin, L.S., Hickey, D.A., Nucleotide composition bias affects amino acid content in proteins coded by animal mitochondria (1997) J Mol E, 44, pp. 282-288Greenberg, B., Flies and disease (1973) Biology and Disease Transmission, 2. , New Jersey: University Press PrincetownInfante, M.E., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Genetic variability in mitochondrial DNA of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), from Brazil (1995) Biochem Genet, 33, pp. 737-756Kumar, S., Tamura, K., Nei, M., (1993) MEGA: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis, Version 1.01, , University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State UniversityLessinger, A.C., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Evolution and structural organisation of mitochondrial DNA control region of myiasis-causing flies (2000) Med Vet Entomol, 14, pp. 71-80Litjens, P., Lessinger, A.C., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Characterization of the screwworm flies Cochliomyia hominivorax and Cochliomyia macellaria by PCR-RFLP of mitochondrial DNA (2001) Med Vet Entomol, 15, pp. 183-188Lunt, D.H., Zhang, D.-X., Szymura, J.M., Hewitt, G.M., The insect cytochrome oxidase I gene: Evolutionary patterns and conserved primers for phylogenetic studies (1996) Insect Mol Biol, 5, pp. 153-165Morlais, I., Severson, D.W., Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence and amino acid analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from Aedes aegypti (2002) DNA Seq, 13, pp. 123-127Nirmala, X., Hypsa, V., Zurovec, M., Molecular phylogeny of Calyptratae (Diptera: Brachycera): The evolution of 18S and 16S ribosomal rDNAs in higher dipterans and their use in phylogenetic inference (2001) Insect Mol Biol, 10, pp. 475-485Saccone, C., De Giorgi, C., Gissi, C., Pesole, G., Reyes, A., Evolutionary genomics in Metazoa: The mitochondrial DNA as a model system (1999) Gene, 238, pp. 195-209Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H., Flook, P., Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers (1994) Ann Entomol Soc Am, 87, pp. 651-701Szalanski, A.L., Owens, C.B., Sequence change and phylogenetic signal in muscoid COII DNA sequences (2003) DNA Seq, 14, pp. 331-334Tajima, F., Nei, M., Estimation of evolutionary distance between nucleotide sequences (1984) Mol Biol Evol, 1, pp. 269-285Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F., Higgins, D.G., The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools (1997) Nucleic Acids Research, 25, pp. 4876-488
Structure And Evolution Of The Mitochondrial Genomes Of Haematobia Irritans And Stomoxys Calcitrans: The Muscidae (diptera: Calyptratae) Perspective
No full textWe present the first two mitochondrial genomes of Muscidae dipterans for the species Haematobia irritans (the horn fly) and Stomoxys calcitrans (the stable fly). Typical insect mtDNA features are described, such as a high A + T content (79.1% and 78.9%, respectively), the preference for A + T-rich codons, and the evidence of a non-optimal codon usage. The strong A + T enrichment partially masks another nucleotide content bias maintained by A + C mutation pressure in these Muscidae mtDNAs. The analysis of this data provides a model of metazoans tRNA anticodon evolution, based on the selection hypothesis of anticodon versatility. H. irritans mitochondrial genome (16078 bp) is structurally similar to the hypothetical ancestral mitochondrial genome of arthropods and its control region (A + T-rich region in insects) organization is consistent with the structure described for Brachycera dipterans. On the other hand, the mitochondrial genome of S. calcitrans is ∼2 kb longer (18 kb), characterized by the presence of ∼550 bp tandem repeats in the control region, and an extra copy of trnI remarkably similar to a duplicated element of blowflies mtDNA. Putative sequence elements, involved in the regulation of transcription and replication of the mtDNA, were reliably identified in S. calcitrans control region despite the 0.8-1.5 kb gap uncovered from this genome. The use of amino acid and nucleotide sequences of concatenated mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs) in phylogenetic reconstructions of Diptera does not support the monophyly of Muscomorpha, as well as the monophyly of Acalyptratae. Within the Calyptratae group, the inclusion of Muscidae (Muscoidea) as a sister group of Calliphoridae (Oestroidea) implies in a potential conflict concerning the monophyly of the superfamily Oestroidea. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. 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Zane Grey with Orange A.C. baseball team
No full textThis photograph shows Ohio native Zane Grey with the Orange A.C. Baseball Team, ca. 1896-1904. Prior to becoming a well-known author of western novels, Zane Grey was also a dentist and a semi-professional baseball player, with teams including the Orange Athletic Club and the Newark (New Jersey) Colts
Complex Patterns Of Genetic Variability In Populations Of The New World Screwworm Fly Revealed By Mitochondrial Dna Markers
No full textCochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), the New World screwworm fly, is an important agent of traumatic myiasis, which is endemic in the Neotropical region and which has great economic impact on the development of the livestock industry. International efforts have been aimed at designing programmes to control and eradicate this species from endemic areas. Thorough knowledge of the population genetics of an insect pest is a fundamental component to ensuring the success of a pest management strategy because it enables the determination of an appropriate geographic scale for carrying out effective treatments. This study undertook an analysis of mtDNA polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 34 populations of C. hominivorax from 10 countries, encompassing almost all the current distribution of the species. Results showed high levels of mitochondrial DNA variability (π = 2.9%) and a complex pattern of population genetic structure for this species. Significant population structure (>st = 0.5234) and low variability were found in Caribbean populations, suggesting that, in general, islands constitute independent evolutionary entities connected by restricted gene flow. By contrast, high variability and low, but significant, differentiation was found among mainland populations (>st = 0.0483), which could not be attributed to geographic distance. Several processes may be acting to maintain the observed patterns, with different implications for establishing control programmes. © 2009 The Royal Entomological Society.23SUPPL. 13242Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Lessinger, A.C., Genetic approaches for studying myiasis-causing flies: Molecular markers and mitochondrial genomics (2006) Genetica, 126, pp. 111-131Baliraine, F.N., Bonizzoni, M., Guglielmino, C.R., Al, E., Population genetics of the potentially invasive African fruit fly species, Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis fasciventris (Diptera: Tephritidae) (2004) Molecular Ecology, 13, pp. 683-695Carvalho, R.A., Torres, T.T., Azeredo-Espin, M.L., A survey of mutations in Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) esterase E3 gene associated with organophosphate resistance and molecular identification of mutant alleles (2006) Veterinary Parasitology, 140, pp. 344-351Chapco, W., Kelln, R.A., McFadyen, D.A., Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (1992) Heredity, 69, pp. 547-557De La Rúa, P., Galián, J., Serrano, J., Moritz, F.A., Genetic structure and distinctness of Apis mellifera L. populations from the Canary Islands (2001) Molecular Ecology, 10, pp. 1733-1742(2005) Sterile Insect Technique: Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management, , Dyck, V.A. 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International Atomic Energy Agency. ViennaInfante-Malachias, M.E., (1999), Estrutura Genética de Populações de Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) da Região Sudeste do Brasil: Análise Através de Três Tipos de Marcadores Genéticos. PhD Thesis. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Campinas, SPInfante-Malachias, M.E., Yotoko, K., Azeredo-Espin, M.L., Random amplified polymorphic DNA of screwworm fly populations (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from southeastern Brazil and northern Argentina (1999) Genome, 42, pp. 772-779Infante-Vargas, M.E., Azeredo-Espin, M.L., Genetic variability in mitochondrial DNA of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Brazil (1995) Biochemical Genetics, 33, pp. 237-256Klassen, W., Curtis, C.F., History of the sterile insect technique (2005) Sterile Insect Technique: Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management, pp. 3-36. , ed. by. V. A. Dyck. J. Hendrichs. A. S. Robinson. pp. Springer. 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DordrechtKrafsur, E.S., Whitten, C.J., Breeding structure of screwworm fly populations (Diptera-Calliphoridae) in Colima, Mexico (1993) Journal of Medical Entomology, 30, pp. 477-480Lachance, L.E., Bartllet, A.C., Bram, R.A., Al, E., Speculating on screwworm speciation (1982) Science, 218, pp. 1142-1145Lessinger, A.C., Azeredo-Espin, M.L., Evolution and structural organization of the mitochondrial DNA control region of myiasis-causing flies (2000) Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 14, pp. 71-80Lindquist, D.A., Abusowa, M., Hall, J.R., The New World screwworm fly in Libya: A review of its introduction and eradication (1992) Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 6, pp. 2-8Litjens, P., Lessinger, A.C., Azeredo-Espin, M.L., Characterization of screwworm flies Cochliomyia hominivorax and Cochliomyia macellaria by PCR-RFLP of mitochondrial DNA (2001) Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 15, pp. 183-188Lyra, M.L., Fresia, P., Gama, S., Cristina, J., Klaczko, L.B., Azeredo-Espin, M.L., Analysis of mitochondrial DNA variability and genetic structure in populations of New World screwworm flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Uruguay (2005) Journal of Medical Entomology, 42, pp. 589-595Mardulyn, P., Termonia, A., Milinkovitch, M.C., Structure and evolution of the mitochondrial control region of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): a hierarchical analysis of nucleotide sequence variation (2003) Journal of Molecular Evolution, 56, pp. 38-45Martin, A., Simon, C., Differing levels of among population divergence in the mitochondrial DNA of periodical cicadas related to historical biogeography (1990) Evolution, 44, pp. 1066-1080Mayer, D.G., Atzeni, M.G., Estimation of dispersal distances for Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (1993) Environmental Entomology, 22, pp. 368-374McElroy, D., Moran, P., Bermingham, E., Kornfield, I., (1992) Restriction Analysis Package - REAP, Version 4.0., , University of Maine. 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New York, NYNei, M., Tajima, F., DNA polymorphism detectable by restriction endonucleases (1981) Genetics, 97, pp. 145-163Oliveira, M.T., Rosa, A.C., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Lessinger, A.C., Improving access to the control region and tRNA gene clusters of Dipteran mitochondrial DNA (2006) Journal of Medical Entomology, 43, pp. 636-639Oliveira, M.T., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Lessinger, A.C., Mitochondrial DNA control region of Muscidae flies: Evolution and structural conservation in a dipteran context (2007) Journal of Molecular Evolution, 64, pp. 519-527Richardson, R.H., Ellison, J.R., Averhoff, W.W., Autocidal control of screwworms in North America (1982) Science, 215, pp. 361-370Roehrdanz, R.L., Intraspecific genetic variability in mitochondrial DNA of the screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) (1989) Biochemical Genetics, 27, pp. 551-569Roehrdanz, R.L., Johnson, D.A., Mitochondrial DNA variation among geographical populations of the screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (1988) Journal of Medical Entomology, 25, pp. 136-141Rondan Dueñas, J.C., Panzetta-Dutari, G.M., Blanco, A., Gardenal, C.N., Restriction fragment-length polymorphism of the mtDNA A+T-rich region as a genetic marker in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) (2002) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 95, pp. 352-358Scataglini, M.A., Lanteri, A.A., Confalonieri, V.A., Diversity of boll weevil populations in South America: A phylogeographic approach (2006) Genetica, 126, pp. 353-368Shao, Z.-Y., Mao, H.-X., Fu, W.-J., Ono, M., Wang, D.-S., Bonizzoni, M., Zhang, Y.-P., Genetic structure of Asian populations of Bombus ignitus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (2004) Journal of Heredity, 95, pp. 46-52Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H., Flook, P., Evolution, weighting and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers (1994) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87, pp. 651-701Slatkin, M., A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies (1995) Genetics, 139, pp. 457-462Smouse, P.E., Long, J.C., Sokal, R.R., Multiple regression and correlation extensions of the Mantel test of matrix correspondence (1986) Systematic Zoology, 35, pp. 627-632Snäll, N., Huoponen, K., Savontaus, M.L., Ruohomäki, K., Tandem repeats and length variation in the mitochondrial DNA control region of Epirrita autumnata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (2002) Genome, 45, pp. 855-861Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M., Kumar, S., Mega4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0 (2007) Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24, pp. 1596-1599Taylor, D.B., Hammack, L., Roehrdanz, R.L., Reproductive compatibility and mitochondrial DNA restriction site analysis of the New World screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, from North Africa and Central America (1991) Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 5, pp. 145-151Taylor, D.B., Szalanski, A.L., Peterson Ii, R.D., A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique for identification of screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (1996) Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 10, pp. 63-70Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F., Higgins, D.G., The ClustalX Windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools (1997) Nucleic Acids Research, 24, pp. 4876-4882Torres, T.T., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Population structuring in New World screwworm populations from the Caribbean: Insights from microsatellite data (2009) Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 23 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 23-31Torres, T.T., Lyra, M.L., Fresia, P., Azeredo-Espin, M.L., Assessing genetic variation in the New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax populations from Uruguay (2007) Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests: From Research to Field Implementation, pp. 183-192. , ed. by. 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Experimental research on spatial distribution of overtopping
No full textThe overtopping empirical formulas calculate the discharge only at the top of the crest of a coastal protection structure. On the other hand, the tolerable overtopping discharges are defined at certain points behind the crest where the total overtopping is reduced. The scope of this thesis is to find an empirical formula to describe the distribution of overtopping at the space behind the crest. This thesis comes as a further investigation on the work conducted by v.Kester [2009] for regular waves. In this research, a physical model was developed on which irregular waves are tested. Because of the duration of the tests and the amount of collected water (significant lose of water during the test), a completely new measuring system was designed. Five influencing parameters (variables) are considered on this research: wave height, wave period/steepness, slope angle, crest freeboard and crest permeability. The entire overtopping process is analysed separately for the total overtopping discharge, the overtopping discharge directly behind the crest and the distribution of overtopping behind the structure. In the analysis of the data collected from the measurements, the impact of the varying parameters is investigated leading to useful conclusions and better understanding of the entire process. Additionally, the experimental findings are analysed and compared to the relative existing methods. Based on the TAW [2002] method which is proposed by the EurOtop Manual [2007], a prediction formula is developed. This formula is a generic version of TAW [2002] formula in which a new reduction factor ?c is introduced in order to describe the decay of the overtopping and thus predict the discharge at any certain distance behind the crest. Other relevant methods are also analysed (Juul Jensen [1984], Steenaard [2002], Besley [1999] and v.Kester [2009]) and conclusions for their applicability are drawn leading to suggested improvements or corrections. Apart from the distribution of overtopping, on this thesis the determination of crest freeboard (which is an ambiguous issue) is also investigated. Finally, suggestions of further research on this topic are discussed. The entire work has been perfomed in close cooperation with van Oord.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Analysis Of Mitochondrial Dna Variability And Genetic Structure In Populations Of New World Screwworm Flies (diptera: Calliphoridae) From Uruguay
No full textThe New Word screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel 1858) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is one of the most important insect pests of livestock in the Neotropical region. In this work, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used to study the diversity and population structure of seven geographically distinct populations of C. hominivorax from most of the important livestock areas in Uruguay. The control region (A+T/12S) and subunits 1 and 2 of cytochrome oxidase (cox1/cox2) were amplified and digested with restriction endonucleases. Nine haplotypes were observed among the populations sampled. The mean nucleotide diversity and the haplotype diversity indicated high mtDNA variability in this species. The similarity index, average nucleotide divergence, and analysis of molecular variance results showed no evidence of subpopulation differentiation, indicating that the C. hominivorax populations of Uruguay form a single panmitic population. The distribution pattern of the genetic-variation in natural populations of C. hominivorax and the implications of these results for establishing control program are discussed. © 2005 Entomological Society of America.424589595Avise, J.C., (1994) Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution, , Chapman & Hall, New YorkAvise, J.C., Arnold, J., Ball, R.M., Bermingham, E., Lamb, T., Neigel, J.E., Reeb, C.A., Saunders, N.C., Intraspecific phylogeography: The mitochondrial DNA bridge between population genetics and systematics (1987) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 18, pp. 489-522Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Mitochondrial DNA variability in geographic populations of screwworm fly from Brazil (1993) Int. 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Parasitol., 35, pp. 256-333Heiman, M., (1997) Software Webcutter 2.0, , http://www.firstmarket.com/cutterInfante-Malachias, M.E., (1999) Estrutura Genética de Populações de Cochliomyia hominivorax (DípteraCalliphoridae) Da Região Sudeste Do Brasil: Análise Através de 3 Tipos de Marcadores Genéticos, , Ph.D. dissertation, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, BrazilInfante-Malachias, M.E., Yotoko, K.S.C., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Random amplified polymorphic DNA of screwworm fly populations (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from southeastern Brazil and northern Argentina (1999) Genome, 42, pp. 772-779Infante-Vargas, M.E., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Genetic variability in mitochondrial DNA of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), from Brazil (1995) Biochem. Genet., 33, pp. 237-256(2000) Genetic Sexing and Population Genetics of Screwworms, , IAEA-314-D4-00CT2176. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, AustriaKrafsur, E.S., Whitten, C.J., Breeding structure of screwworm fly populations (Diptera-Calliphoridae) in Colima, Mexico (1993) J. Med. Entomol., 30, pp. 477-480Litjens, P., Lessinger, A.C., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Characterization of screwworm flies Cochliomyia hominivorax and Cochliomyia macellaria by PCR-RFLP of mitochondrial DNA (2001) Med. Vet. Entomol., 15, pp. 183-188Lessinger, A.C., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., Evolution and structural organization of mitochondrial DNA control region of myiasis-causing flies (2000) Med. Vet. Entomol., 14, pp. 71-80Lessinger, A.C., Junqueira, A.C.M., Lemos, T.A., Kemper, E.L., Da Silva, F.R., Vettore, A.L., Arruda, P., Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L., The mitochondrial genome of the primary screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2000) Insect Mol. 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