139 research outputs found
Genetic Variability, Heritability, and Genetic Advance Estimates in Garlic (Allium sativum) from the Gamo Highlands of Southern Ethiopia
No full textGenetic variability is the fundamental requirement for any plant breeding program to develop a superior cultivar. This study aimed to estimate the genetic variability and determine the correlation between the various quantitative characteristics of garlic accessions. The experiment was carried out in the Ezo-Otte area of the Chencha district in the Gamo highlands of southern Ethiopia and 28 garlic accessions were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Various morphological descriptors were measured to evaluate the variability and correlation coefficients. The analysis of variance showed a highly significant variation for all characters, which indicates greater variability in the accession. High and moderate heritability in broad sense estimates were obtained for the majority of the traits examined. Days to maturity (28.09), bulb weight (22.33), and bulb diameter (equatorial) (21.33) showed higher genetic advance. The maximum value of the genetic progress as a percentage of the mean was observed in bulb yield, clove weight, bulb diameter (equatorial), and number of leaves. In addition, bulb diameter (equatorial), clove weight, bulb weight, and plant height were observed to be highly hereditary coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean, suggesting that they can be improved by direct selection. Coefficient analysis has shown that maximum attention should be paid to bulb diameter (equatorial), the number of cloves, bulb diameter (equatorial), bulb weight, plant height, and leaf length, as these traits also correlate positively and significantly with bulb yield
Revealing the Therapeutic Uses of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Its Potential for Drug Discovery
No full textBackground. Garlic is a common bulb vegetable that is used to flavor and flavor food. The plant contains biologically active components that contribute to its pharmacological properties. This paper attempts to examine the therapeutic uses and potential role in the drug development of garlic for various human diseases. Methods. To obtain crucial data and scientific knowledge about the therapeutic uses of garlic, systematic literature searches were conducted using key terms on well-known indexed platforms such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and popular search engines. Results. Garlic, which is utilized as a spice and flavoring ingredient, is found to have fundamental nutritional components. Carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals, water, and vitamins are all found in abundance in this plant. The plant also has a high medicinal value and is used to cure a variety of human diseases. It has anti-inflammatory, rheumatological, ulcer inhibiting, anticholinergic, analgesic, antimicrobial, antistress, antidiabetes, anticancer, liver protection, anthelmintics, antioxidants, antifungal, and wound healing properties, as well as properties that help with asthma, arthritis, chronic fever, tuberculosis, runny nose, malaria, leprosy, skin discoloration, and itching, indigestion, colic, enlarged spleen, hemorrhoids, fistula, bone fracture, gout, urinary tract disease, diabetes, kidney stones, anemia, jaundice, epilepsy, cataract, and night blindness. Conclusions. The nutritional content of the plant is significant, and it has incredible therapeutic potential. The findings of this study are needed to investigate the therapeutic potential, as it may be a promising option for drug development
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Malaria Infection among Outpatients Visiting Shewa Robit Health Center, Northcentral Ethiopia
No full textIntroduction. Malaria infection is a serious health problem killing millions in tropical developing countries including Ethiopia. The present study focused on assessing malaria prevalence and identification of determinants in Shewa Robit, northcentral Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 participants who visited Shewa Robit Health Center between 01/10/2017 and 30/04/2018, using a simple random sampling. Sociodemographic characteristics were recorded using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and infection was confirmed by microscopic examination. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and p<0.05 was used to indicate the level of significance. Results. Eighty-one (19.0%) microscopically confirmed malaria cases were recorded, P.vivax was the most frequently detected species (n = 58; 71.6%). Interestingly, 73.2% (n = 309) of the participant did not utilize LLINs due to the fear of toxicity (37.4%, n = 158), misconception (21.6%, n = 91), and shortage (14.2%, n = 60). The data showed age, gender, marital status, family size, usage of LLINs and application of IRS, proximity to mosquito breeding sites and less robust and porous walls were the determinants of the infection in the study area. Conclusion. The prevalence of malaria in the study population was high and P. vivax being the most common causative agent. Environmental and behavioral factors related to LLIN are the potential determinants of malaria. Continued public health interventions, targeting proper utilization of bed nets, drainage of stagnant water, and improved public awareness about reducing the risk of insect bites have the potential to minimize the infection
Five-year trend analysis of malaria prevalence in Shewarobit, Amhara regional state, North-central Ethiopia
No full textIntroduction: analysis of the prevalence of malaria infection in health facilities is crucial for sympathetic the transmission dynamics and implementing evidence-based control strategies. The study was to determine a five-year pattern of malaria infection in Shewarobit, Northcentral Ethiopia.
Methods: institutional based retrospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria infection from a five-year examination of malaria cases at Shewarobit Health Center, Ethiopia. The directory of all malaria cases reported between 2013-2017 was carefully examined and recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and the results were presented in tables and figures.
Results: the results confirmed a total of 33,932 malaria suspects were diagnosed using microscopy over the last 5 years, of which 4705 (13.9%) were confirmed positive for malaria infection. Out of 4705 positive individuals, 3074 (65.3%) were males and 1631 (34.7%) were females. Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and mixed infection (both species) accounted for 44.8%, 44.1%, and 7.1% of the confirmed cases, respectively.
Conclusion: the study demonstrated that malaria infection is a public health concern in the study area, and Plasmodium vivax was the predominant species. The resulting necessity, the district health bureau and other concerned stakeholders should strengthen evidence-based intervention of malaria control strategies to eliminate malaria infection
EFECTO DEL EXTRACTO DE HOJA DE ALGUNOS ÁRBOLES MULTIUSOS Y SUS CONCENTRACIONES EN EL CRECIMIENTO Y PRODUCCIÓN DE MAÍZ
No full textBackground. There is a need to understand multipurpose trees promotory or inhibitory allelopathic effects prior to selection of any crop to be cultivated in their vicinity. Objective. Present study was carried out during 2019 on Arba Minch University Research Farm with the specific objectives of to investigate the effect of leaf extract of some multipurpose trees and its concentrations on growth and production of Maize. Methodology. Leaf extracts of 3 species namely Moringa stenopetala, Croton macrostachyus and Terminalia brownii were tested at 5 concentration levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The experiment was laid out with Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The leaf extract was applied at biweekly interval right from its emergence. Results. The growth components which were significantly affected by the application of leaf extracts include leaf length, leaf area, stem thickness and days to tasseling of maize while effect of leaf extract on plant height, number of leaves plants-1, days to silking and days to maturity was found non significant. On the other hand with the exception of number of cobs plant-1 all yield and yield components, like number of grains row-1, number of grains column-1, number of grains cobs-1, 1000-seed weight of cob, length of cob, diameter of cob, fresh and dry yield of maize were significantly varied with leaf extracts of the selected MPTs and their concentration levels. The application of leaf extract resulted in increase in yield from 6.95 T ha-1 (control) to 8.95 T ha-1, 7.58 T ha-1 and 7.40 T ha-1 for Croton macrostachyus, Moringa stenopetala and Terminalia brownii respectively. Implications. The results of the present study contribute in knowing the positive or negative effect of leaf extract of three MPTs on Maize production. Conclusions. It can be concluded that introduction of these multipurpose trees in farmland under agroforestry system is safe and without any inhibitory allelopathy. Thus leaf extract application of these species are recommended for further improvement of maize yield. Antecedentes. Es necesario conocer los efectos alelopáticos promotores o inhibidores de los árboles de usos múltiples necesitan antes de la selección de cualquier cultivo que se cultivará en su vecindad. Objetivo. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo durante 2019 en la Granja de Investigación de la Universidad de Arba Minch con los objetivos específicos de investigar el efecto del extracto de hoja de algunos árboles multipropósito y sus concentraciones sobre el crecimiento y producción de maíz. Metodología. Se probaron extractos de hojas de 3 especies, a saber, Moringa stenopetala, Croton macrostachyus y Terminalia brownii con 5 niveles de concentración (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% y 100%). El experimento se diseñó con diseño de bloques completos aleatorios con tres repeticiones. El extracto de hoja se aplicó quincenalmente desde su aparición. Resultados: Los componentes de crecimiento que se vieron significativamente afectados por la aplicación de extractos de hojas incluyen la longitud de la hoja, el área de la hoja, el grosor del tallo y los días para la formación de espigas de maíz, mientras que el efecto del extracto de hoja sobre la altura de la planta, el número de hojas de plantas-1, los días para la formación de espigas y días hasta la madurez no fue significativo. Por otro lado, con la excepción del número de mazorcas planta-1, todos los componentes de rendimiento y rendimiento, como número de granos fila-1, número de granos columna-1, número de granos mazorcas-1, peso de 1000 semillas de mazorca, longitud de mazorca, diámetro de mazorca, rendimiento fresco y seco de maíz varió significativamente con los extractos de hojas de los MPT seleccionados y sus niveles de concentración. La aplicación de extracto de hoja resultó en un aumento en el rendimiento de 6.95 T ha-1 (control) a 8.95 T ha-1, 7.58 T ha-1 y 7.40 T ha-1 para Croton macrostachyus, Moringa stenopetala y Terminalia brownii respectivamente. Implicaciones. Los resultados del presente estudio contribuyen a conocer el efecto positivo o negativo del extracto de hoja de tres MPT sobre la producción de maíz. Conclusiones. Se puede concluir que la introducción de estos árboles multipropósito en tierras agrícolas bajo un sistema agroforestal es segura y sin alelopatía inhibitoria. Por lo tanto, se recomienda la aplicación de extracto de hoja de estas especies para mejorar aún más el rendimiento del maíz
Aerosol climatology over South Africa based on 10 years of multiangle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) data
No full textIn this paper, we present a detailed study of the spatial and seasonal aerosol climatology
over South Africa (SA), based on Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) data.
We have used 10 years (2000–2009) of MISR monthly mean aerosol extinction (text),
absorption (ta) optical depths at 558 nm, Angstrom exponents in visible (VIS; 446–672 nm)
and near‐infrared (NIR; 672–866 nm) spectral bands, and the extracted spectral curvature.
The study has shown that, in terms of aerosol load level spatial variation, SA can be classified
into three parts: the upper, central, and lower, which illustrate high, medium, and low
aerosol loadings, respectively. The results for the three parts of SA are presented in detail.
The prevailing sources of aerosols are different in each part of SA. The lower part is
dominated by the air mass transport from the surrounding marine environment and other
SA or neighboring regions, while the central and upper parts are loaded through windablated
mineral dust and local anthropogenic activities. During the biomass burning seasons
(July–September), the central part of SA is more affected than the rest of SA by the biomassburning
aerosols (based on ta, ∼20% higher than the rest of SA). In alignment with the
observed higher values of text, aerosol size distributions were found to be highly variable
in the upper part of SA, which is due to the high population and the industrial/mining/
agricultural activities in this area.The author M. Tesfaye is financially supported by the African Laser Centre,
South Africa.http://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/jgr/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202/am2017Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorolog
The exposition of aspirations: Embracing multiple ethnic groups within a smart replicable strategy that has the potential to transform into a specific matter
No full textAddis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, is challenged by the phenomenon of rapidly growing urbanization. The city is targeted at the risk that fast-tracked urbanization will cause loss of existing habitats and socioeconomic qualities (Tesfaye, 2012). The initiated condominiums have caused a mismatch between the Architectural approach and the anthropological features, lifestyle and aspirations of the inhabitants themselves. This highly influences the quality of life in the urban context of Addis Ababa. The objective of this design project is to redress this mismatch and reflect on striking findings of the research that have been made throughout Ethiopia. By following the striking needs of Ethiopians, the goal of this design project is to realize a well-integrated design, which allows Ethiopian variety and differences of their lifestyle, aspirations, and needs. The report will communicate my vision for this project. A combination of sketches, short writings, flashes of Ethiopian inspiration and common interests argue the choices that have been made. It will lead you through the rural- and urban living all the way until the new proposed urban design project for Addis Ababa, a systematic approach that can adapt to cultural and lifestyle differences on various scales.Global Housing in EthiopiaAddis Ababa Living LabArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Complex Citie
Author Correction: The cell cycle stage of bovine zygotes electroporated with CRISPR/Cas9-RNP affects frequency of Loss-of-heterozygosity editing events
No full textDelineating limits of exclusive right of owner or author of a music under Ethiopian Copyright law: The case of music mashup
No full textThe strikes to a delicate balance between the interests of authors and other rights holders in the
control and exploitation of their works on the one hand, and society's competing interest in the
free flow of ideas, information, and commerce, on the other hand, is the main purpose of the
copyright regime. Yet, technology is modifying the production and distribution patterns of
copyrighted works, as well as consumer habits. The purpose of this study is to delineate the limit
of exclusive rights of the copyright holder of music under Ethiopian copyright law.. As to the
methodology, the research will apply a mixed research approach. The study will follow the
qualitative approach of data collection tools to get the primary source which is the copyright
proclamation and interview the Ethiopian music copyright and Neighboring right collective
management Organization established by the copyright amendment proclamation and Ethiopian
Intellectual property Office. Books, articles, research, as well as journals, are used as secondary
sources. The study found that the affirmative defense against the exclusive right of musical
composers excludes the music mashup. Thus, unauthorized music mashup infringes the exclusive
rights of musical work in one way and it encourages further creativity if it has done with the
lawful authorization from the copyright holder by balancing the right of the musical author and
encouraging new creation. However, the body established to administer the right of musicians
collectively does not propose anything toward balancing the interest of copyright holders of
music and encouraging new creativity through mashups. Finally, the researcher suggests that
the EMCCMO should work effectively to protect the exclusive right of copyright holders without
affecting the future creation of music
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