1,720,958 research outputs found
PROMOTING HEALTH SYSTEMS RESILIENCE IN THE FRAGILE CONTEXT OF NORTHERN GHANA: A STUDY OF COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH PLANNING AND SERVICES (CHPS) EFFECTIVENESS
Full text linkIn 1999, the government of Ghana adopted the Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) programme as a national policy. It then launched a scaling-up initiative in 2000 to support its Universal Health Care (UHC) agenda. Since its adoption, CHPS has significantly contributed to health service delivery in Ghana, such as improved family planning and immunization coverage. Despite these gains, however, critical implementation gaps persist. Doorstep services and volunteer support, necessary for supporting population health and family planning in marginalised communities, continue to diminish and CHPS scale-up in fragile settings such as the Northern region of Ghana, where poverty is high and health indicators relatively low, is slow.
This research investigated the factors constraining the implementation and effectiveness of CHPS in the fragile context of the Northern region of Ghana using a mixed-methods research methodology. Data collection was completed in three distinct stages, comprising 1) a review of the district health information management system (DHIMS) data; 2) key informant interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with CHPS stakeholders at the national, regional, district, sub-district, CHPS and community levels; and 3) participatory research using group model building (GMB) in the Kumbungu and Gushiegu districts of the former Northern region. Findings identify that the Ghanaian Government is the main contributor to CHPS infrastructure. However, nearly all participating district facilities were ill-equipped and did not have adequate equipment and medicines owing to lapses in central government funding and National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) reimbursement challenges. As a result, there was a general perception of neglect among community members. The participatory research findings conclude that CHPS implementation was confronted by inadequate funding to support the programme’s implementation, poor community engagement and support, and diminished health worker capacity owing to gaps in training, logistics, equipment, and infrastructure. These are further compounded by the drivers of fragility resulting from high poverty levels and a vicious cycle of debt servicing.
To mitigate the identified barriers, stakeholders during the study developed a set of interventions aimed at improving CHPS effectiveness. Feedback interviews twelve months after the GMBs showed good progress for interventions targeting health worker capacity, logistics management and community engagement. Comparatively, there was more progress for community engagement interventions than interventions relating to increasing political commitment and funding. Beyond identifying the enablers for CHPS effectiveness, this study supports the argument that the concept of fragility reaches beyond situations of conflict and disasters to include systemic challenges, such as the failure of governments to provide adequate resources to foster the smooth delivery of basic health services. This is particularly so in the context of this research where funding for health services is mainly centralised in a decentralised country. Comparatively, the community engagement interventions had more progress than the interventions for increasing political commitment and funding. In poor and marginalised settings, effective and sustained community engagement can bridge resource gaps, empower users to demand accountability from officials and contribute to resilient health systems.
Using the GMB systems thinking methodology presented a holistic approach to understanding the systemic barriers to CHPS implementation and identified enablers that can minimise their impact on the programme. This approach of bringing together community members, health workers and policymakers on a shared platform was particularly appreciated by community members who seldom share a common platform with government officials in matters of social discourse
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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