1,720,988 research outputs found
Condiciones de salud en el territorio: una aproximación de largo plazo desde las causas de mortalidad en Uruguay
Get PDFPese a un auspicioso desempeño en el siglo xix, el descenso de la mortalidad en Uruguay se volvió cada vez más lento durante el siglo xx. Utilizando una nueva base de datos departamentales, este trabajo revisita las tendencias de largo plazo de la mortalidad entre fines del siglo xix y la década de 1960. Para ello, analiza las tasas de mortalidad por causa, sexo y edad, aplicando indicadores de convergencia beta absoluta, por clubes y sigma e identificando patrones regionales. Las estimaciones muestran diferentes senderos de convergencia, acompañados por una elevada heterogeneidad. También reflejan que ciertos territorios y grupos de población mantuvieron su posición de desventaja relativa durante todo el período, especialmente con relación a causas de muerte potencialmente controlable. Los resultados podrían contribuir a explicar el enlentecimiento observado a nivel agregado y a identificar límites en la proyección territorial de las mejoras en las condiciones de salud.This study analyzes the evolution of mortality in Uruguay from a regional perspective. Despite its promising achievements during the 19th century, mortality decline in Uruguay became gradually slower in the 20th century. Using a new regional database, this work revisits long term trends in mortality and discusses its evolution by applying beta, club and sigma-convergence indicators and by looking for regional patterns. The results show cross-province variations in the convergence path along with club’s convergence and persisting dispersion. The findings also point out to certain provinces and groups of population that held a permanent disadvantaged position, mainly related to controllable disease deaths. The study thus provides new evidence to discuss the slow-down trend of mortality throughout the period while allows identifying failures in the regional coverage of health improvements and living conditions
Las relaciones económicas entre Estados Unidos y Uruguay entre 1930 y 2005
Get PDFEn el marco de la reciente dinamización de las corrientes de exportación uruguayas hacias Estados Unidos y del debate sobre la conveniencia de suscribir un tratado de libre comercio con ese país, este artículo brinda una visión de largo plazo acerca de las relaciones comerciales y financieras entre ambas economías. La evidencia recogida para los años comprendidos entre 1930 y 2005 apunta a la existencia de cuatro períodos, relativamente breves, en que estas relaciones presentan una dinámica inusual y de notorio acercamiento. En cada caso, su emergencia y sostenibilifad pueden explicarse debido al peso variable de arreglos institucionales (tales como acuerdos comerciales de asistencia técnica o financiera), negociaciones, gestiones diplomáticas o decisiones unilaterales de política pautadas por cambios en el contexto internacional o local. Se espera que la información aquí reunida pueda contribuir al debate acerca de las fortalezas y debilidades estructurales del Uruguay en su relación con Estados Unidos
Necesidades de financiamiento y restricciones fiscales: en busca del sesgo distributivo de los ajustes en las finanzas públicas de Uruguay y en el largo plazo
No full textLas fuertes limitaciones de financiamiento que suele experimentar el sector público en los países latinoamericanos explican, en parte, la alta volatilidad que registran las variables fiscales en la región. La frecuencia y profundidad de los ajustes fiscales constituyen otra de sus consecuencias. Considerando el caso de la economía uruguaya entre 1910 y 2008 y la existencia de diferentes regímenes fiscales (Azar et al, 2009), esta ponencia analiza la evolución de las necesidades financieras del Gobierno Central y la secuencia de fases de ajuste y de desajuste fiscal del período, siguiendo la definición propuesta en Cominetti (1994). El contrapunto de las variaciones del gasto público social y del componente directo e indirecto de la estructura tributaria en cada episodio de ajuste/desajuste permitió obtener una primera aproximación a cuáles fueron los sesgos distributivos implícitos en la decisión de equilibrar las cuentas públicas. La evidencia encontrada tiende a converger hacia las características de las economías latinoamericanas. En este sentido, se encontró una marcada volatilidad de las cuentas públicas y una gestión fiscal de las fases de ajuste más orientada al logro de los equilibrios macroeconómicos que a la búsqueda de la sostenibilidad y eficiencia del gasto social o a la búsqueda de la equidad a través de la tributación. Así, los episodios estudiados, aunque con características diferentes en cada régimen fiscal, tienden a mostrar la falta de una estrategia explícita de protección del gasto social y de una búsqueda persistente de la equidad a través del sistema tributario.The hard fiscal constraints generally experienced by Latin American countries are one of the reasons accounting for the high degree of volatility faced by their fiscal variables. The large and frequent fiscal adjustments also share the same origins. This paper considers the case of the Uruguayan economy between 1910 and 2008 in the frame of the different “fiscal regimes” identified in Azar et al (2009). It examines the dynamics of the financing needs of the Central Government and the different fiscal adjustment and disarrangement phases, according to Cominetti’s definition (1994). By the description of the changes in the public social expenditure as well as in the components of the tax structure performed to balance the fiscal accounts, some “distributive bias” are identified corresponding to each of the fiscal adjustment/disarrangement episodes, previously recognized. Our findings tend to coincide with the main features of Latin American fiscal performance. Uruguay has presented a remarkable volatility in its public accounts together with a fiscal management more prone to achieve fiscal balances than to warrant the efficiency and sustainability of its social expenditure or an equity-oriented tax structure. To sum up, the episodes here studied do not show any deliberate macroeconomic strategy to achieve these latter result
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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