1,720,964 research outputs found
Estudio sobre los aceites esenciales como nueva estrategia en el tratamiento de leishmania SPP
Get PDFLa leishmaniasis es una enfermedad parasitaria de transmisión vectorial, causada por diferentes especies del género Leishmania. La OMS incluye a la leishmaniasis en el grupo de Enfermedades Tropicales Desatendidas, debido a su impacto en la salud humana y en la economía de países endémicos, además de la escasa investigación existente. Se trata de un parásito digenético que alterna la forma promastigote flagelada extracelular y una forma amastigote intracelular, pudiendo provocar una clínica cutánea, mucocutánea o visceral. Actualmente no existe un tratamiento universal para la leishmaniasis, y no existen vacunas autorizadas en humanos, siendo más frecuente el uso de antimoniales pentavalentes, anfotericina B liposomal, miltefosina, aminoglucósidos y derivados azólicos. Sin embargo,estos tratamientos presentan numerosos efectos secundarios, elevada toxicidad, diversas resistencias y un alto coste. Esto, sumado a la necesidad de tratamientos accesibles de manera global a toda la población, hace necesaria la investigación de nuevas líneas de tratamiento más
seguras, eficaces y menos tóxicas. En la presente revisión sistemática se tiene como objetivo recoger información sobre aquellas especies vegetales cuyos aceites esenciales han sido evaluados por su potencial antileishmania. Se ha evaluado la actividad antiprotozoaria frente a las especies de Leishmania que abarcan la Cuenca Mediterránea de las siguientes especies vegetales: Azadirachta indica, C.sinensis, C.limon, C.clementina, Origanum onites, Origanum
vulgare, Olea europaea, Artemisia scoparia, Nigella sativa, Juniperus excelsa, Vernonia brasiliana, Gossypium hirsutum y Carthamus tinctorius. Los resultados de esta revisión concluyen que, en general, los aceites esenciales extraídos a partir de especies vegetales presentan una eficacia similar a los fármacos actuales con una menor toxicidad. Así pues, según los datos observados, estos productos podrían presentarse como una alternativa en desarrollo
para la producción de nuevos fármacos frente a Leishmania.Universidad Europea de MadridGrado en FarmaciaPresencia
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Wildlife as a Sentinel for Pathogen Introduction in Nonendemic Areas: First Detection of Leishmania tropica in Wildlife in Spain
No full textLeishmaniasis is a chronic global arthropod-borne zoonotic disease produced by several species of Leishmania with cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral clinical manifestations. In Spain, only Leishmania infantum has been reported so far, although other species of Leishmania, such as L. tropica and L. major, are present in surrounding countries. The aim of this work is to analyze the occurrence of Leishmania spp. infection in European wildcats (Felis silvestris) as sentinels, including their genotypic characterization. Necropsies of 18 road-killed wildcats were conducted. Samples of ear skin and spleen were taken for DNA isolation and PCR of the highly sensitive SSU-rDNA target. Subsequent PCR tests were performed using more specific targets for the determination of Leishmania species: hsp70 and ITS1. Positive samples were sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Seven wildcats were found positive for Leishmania spp. Based on the hsp70 and ITS1 sequences, an animal was found to be infected only with L. tropica in ear skin samples, while two cats were found to be infected with L. infantum in both the ear skin and the spleen. In one animal, a clear sequence of L. infantum ITS1 and a sequence of L. tropica hsp70 were obtained from the ear skin. Since hsp70 and ITS1 sequencing was not possible in three cats, the species of Leishmania infecting them was not determined. This is the first report of autochthonous infection with L. tropica in the Iberian Peninsula. Health care professionals, including physicians, dermatologists, and veterinarians, must be aware of this for a correct diagnosis, treatment, and management of possible coinfections.Universidad Complutense de MadridDepto. de Sanidad AnimalDepto. de Microbiología y ParasitologíaFac. de VeterinariaFac. de FarmaciaTRUEpu
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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