407 research outputs found
Molecular dynamics performance for coronavirus simulation by C, N, O, and S atoms implementation dreiding force field: drug delivery atomic interaction in contact with metallic Fe, Al, and steel
Get PDFCoronavirus causes some illnesses to include cold, COVID-19, MERS, and SARS. This virus can be transmitted through contact with different atomic matrix between humans. So, this atomic is essential in medical cases. In this work, we describe the atomic manner of this virus in contact with various metallic matrix such as Fe, Al, and steel with equilibrium molecular dynamic method. For this purpose, we reported physical properties such as temperature, total energy, distance and angle of structures, mutual energy, and volume variation of coronavirus. In this approach, coronavirus is precisely simulated by O, C, S, and N atoms and they are implemented dreiding force field. Our simulation shows that virus interaction with steel matrix causes the maximum removing of the virus from the surfaces. After 1 ns, the atomic distance between these two structures increases from 45 to 75 Å. Furthermore, the volume of coronavirus 14.62% increases after interaction with steel matrix. This atomic manner shows that coronavirus removes and destroyed with steel surface, and this metallic structure can be a promising material for use in medical applications
The Siberian Branch of the Shibanid Dynasty in Sh. Marjani’s Studies
No full textObjectives and research materials: In 1885, Shihabuddin Marjani wrote the work “Mustafa al-Akhbar fi ahwal Kazan va Bulgar” (“The Mine of Information about Events in Kazan and Bulghar”). By analyzing chapters of the history on the Siberian branch of the Shibanid dynasty, the author of the present article aims to identify the main sources for the hypotheses proposed by S. Marjani. In the part of the work published in Russian, there are several stories related to representatives of the branch of the Shibanid dynasty who were enthroned in Tyumen and Siberia. Stories about them are scattered in various sections: “Section about the Toqtamishids”, “Section about the New State with the Capital in Kazan”, “Section about the Kasimov Khanate in the Lands of Kirman”, “Section about the Siberian Khans”. In addition, some information is available in the “Section about the Sheibanid Khans” and “Section about the Sheibanids Who Ruled in Mawarannahr”.
Results and novelty of the research: A comparison of Marjani’s accounts with the sources published in Russian at that time allows us to suggest that Marjani could have made use of “The Genealogical Tree of the Turks” by Abu-l-Ghazi, the “Sheibaniade” by an unknown author and published in Kazan in 1849 by I. Berezin, the “Collection of Materials Relating to the History of the Golden Horde” by V. Tizengauzen (Volume I. Extracts from Arabic sources), and “Studies of the Kasimov Tsars and Princes” by V.V. Velyaminov-Zernov. With a certain degree of probability, he also could have used the work, “Mukim-Khan’s history” by Muhammad Yusuf Munshi. In such a case, Marjani was apparently the first historian in the Russian milieu who used Munshi’s text and briefly reviewed the history of the formation and collapse of the Uzbek khanate of Abu al-Khair. Although suffering from certain factual flaws, the work of Marjani contained important information on the history of the Shibanids. Moreover, in some cases, the author’s assumptions were ahead of the historical scholarship of his time; for example, regarding the khan’s titles of Ali and Ishim. This observation indicates the need for further research into the sources used by this author
Marjani’s Sources for the First Volume of His “Mustafad al’-akhbar fi Ahwali Qazan wa Bulgar”
Get PDFObjective: “Mustafad al’-akhbar fi Ahwali Qazan wa Bulgar” is one of the most important studies of Tatar history. In fact, Sh. Marjani was the first to attempt an academic description of the Volga Bulgarian and Tatar history, as well as the history of related and neighboring peoples.
Materials of the research: For this purpose, Sh. Marjani used a large array of various sources covering the period from the tenth to the eighteenth century. In addition to edited and manuscript materials, the author also used epitaphs and coins. Thus, Marjani was not limited to quoting excerpts from historical works, but compared their contents, specified dates, and characterized events and personalities.
Results and novelty of the research: An analysis of his sources has made it possible to divide them into material, written, and oral ones. Material sources are represented by gravestones and coins. Written sources are the works of Arabic, Persian and Turkic historians and geographers, various reference books and dictionaries, as well as theological works. In turn, the oral testimonies and statements of the Tatar imams about various events and issues of theology represent a third type of sources employed by Marjani
The Bulgar and Golden Horde’s Theologians and Theological Sources through the Prism of Sh. Marjani’s “Mustafad al-akhbar…”
No full textResearch objectives: The “Mustafad al-akhbar…” is one of the earliest and most important works on the history of the Bulgars and their descendants – the Tatars. After evaluating this source, we can rightly say that it is the first attempt at a scholarly description and analysis of the history of the Bulgars and Tatars. To achieve this purpose, Sh. Marjani used a large array of different sources, among which a special place was occupied by theological sources. In revealing religious life, the theologian used mainly written sources, but he did not limit himself to quoting them. The presentation of these texts is accompanied by Sh. Marjnani’s analysis of the information’s reliability. The author compares the facts and makes reasonable conclusions about the biographies of theologians, as well as the content of their works.
The purpose of the study is to identify the authors’ names and the titles of their theological works that Sh. Marjani used in the first volume of the mentioned work.
Research materials: The source basis of the study was the first volume of the “Mustafad al-akhbar…” by Sh. Marjani, as well as reference works by Muslim biographers. Throughout the study, the author used the methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the historical and comparative method.
Research results: This study established the titles of the theological treatises to which Sh. Marjani referred in the first volume of the “Mustafad al-akhbar…”, their content, the names of their authors, and years of their deaths. The study of the personalities of theologians and their works has allowed for a division of them into respective Bulgar and Golden Horde periods. However, it should be noted that Sh. Marjani partly goes beyond these periods and mentions some theologians who lived after the conquest of the Kazan Khanate in 1552.
Research novelty: The author described, for the first time ever, the titles and topics of theological works mentioned in the first volume of the “Mustafad al-akhbar…”. Also, he identified the names of their authors and divided the works according to a historical principle into the works of the Bulgar and Golden Horde periods
Fictional Marriage Proposal of Anonymous Astrakhan Khan
No full textThe following text is reproduced from a handwritten copy of the letter made by the Italian humanist Gian Vincenzo Pinelli (1535–1601) and contained in one codex of Ambrosiana Library in Milan (R 104 sup., fol. 194r) [see the description of the codex in: 3, no. 341. p. 125]. This codex (588 folios) contains Italian and Latin texts of the 16th century of extremely diverse content, which does not allow to determe neither the name of the author of the reproduced letter, nor the date of its writing. Nevertheless, a reference to the name of “Luther” in the letter suggests that it must have been written in the 16th century and an indication of the main purpose of the letter – matchmaking to anonymous queen – makes it possible to put forward quite a bold (but, for now, unproven) hypothesis that this letter might be addressed to approximates of the Polish Queen Bona Sforza and the widow of King Sigismund I the Old starting with the April 1, 1548. Following this hypothesis, the alleged author of the letter could be the ruler of Astrakhan Yamgurchi or the Crimean khan Sahib Giray. However, this assumption remains only a hypothesis, and the author of this article hopes that future researchers will be able to identify both the author of the letter and its recipients.
Be that as it may, this letter is of undoubtedly fictitious character since it does not indicate the name of its author and the date of writing and obviously differs from official form of the Tatar rulers’ letters. Undoubtedly, this letter refers to the literary genre of fictional letters of the rulers, which became extremely popular in Europe since the second half of the 15th century. As an illustration of this genre, the author of this article presents a “letter” of the Turkish sultan to the Tatars and their “response” from the fictional collection of “Letters of the Great Turk” [1, fol. 18r] of Laudivius Hierosolymitanus, which was a relatively widespread in Europe in the last quarter of the 15th century, republished 18 times in different cities of Western Europe according to Incunabula Short Title Catalogue of the British Library (http://istc.bl.uk/search/search.html) as well as published in Italian translation in 1563 by Lodovico Dolc
Simulation of heavy metal extraction in membrane contactors using computational fluid dynamics
No full textThe Research Seminar “New Sources on the Medieval Turkic-Tatar History: New Findings, Interpretation, Prospects for Research” (Kazan, December 6, 2017)
Get PDFThe research seminar “New Sources on the Medieval Turkic-Tatar History: New Findings, Interpretation, Prospects for Research” was held at the Sh. Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences on December 6, 2017 in the framework of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, “The Epoch through the Person’s Prism: 130th Anniversary of Gaziz Gubaidullin”. The head of the M.A. Usmanov Center for Research of the Golden Horde and the Tatar Khanate (Sh. Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences), I.M. Mirgaleev, acted as the coordinator of the seminar and spoke about the importance of studying new sources on medieval Turkic-Tatar history and introducing them into current scholarly discussions.
Scholars from academic centers of Russia, Great Britain, and Finland took part in the seminar. Doctor of Historical Studies, Ilya Vladimirovich Zaitsev, acted as its main speaker. His speech was devoted to the recently discovery of the “History of Chinggis Khan” by Mansur ibn Abdarrakhman (1741). I.V. Zaitsev described the biography of the author, the history of the creation, and the present study of this work.
The next meeting of the editorial board of the research journal, “Golden Horde Review”, was held on the same day, where the following issues related to the development of the journal’s activities were discussed:
– the work of the editorial board;
– peer review problems;
– increasing the proportion of English articles;
– unification of bibliographic format.
The editor-in-chief, I.M. Mirgaleev, briefly acquainted colleagues with activities of the journal’s editorial board and discussed the successful inclusion of the journal in the citation databases Scopus and WoS, as well as in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission
Tenoxicam (Mobiflex) Solubility in Carbon Dioxide under Supercritical Conditions
No full textWe reported the solubility values for an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) at different operational conditions. Tenoxicam was considered as the API model in this work, and the values of API solubility were determined between 308-338 K and 120-400 bar under supercritical conditions in CO2 as a dense solvent. The solubility measurements were performed via gravimetric technique in a designed pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) cell. The experimental data showed that the solubility of tenoxicam changes between 0.0000151 and 0.000786 mole fraction versus system pressure/temperature. The lowest tenoxicam solubility was obtained at the pressure of 120 bar and the highest temperature of 338 K. On the other hand, the highest solubility was obtained at the maximum pressure (400 bar) and temperature. As such, it turned out that the pressure had a direct influence on the API solubility such that the highest solubility was obtained at the maximum pressure. On the other hand, at low pressures, the temperature showed a negative effect on solubility. Furthermore, a theoretical study was carried out to correlate five different semiempirical correlations to the tenoxicam data, and among the employed models, the Méndez-Santiago-Teja (MST) model indicated the best performance with an AARD of 11.9%. The employed models indicated a linear trend, which can be exploited for extrapolation of the measured tenoxicam data
Ability of neural network cells in learning teacher motivation scale and prediction of motivation with fuzzy logic system
No full textWe employed a new approach in the field of social sciences or psychological aspects of teaching besides using a very common software package that is Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new domain that the methods of its data analysis could provide the researchers with new insights for their research studies and more innovative ways to analyze their data or verify the data with this method. Also, a very significant element in teaching is teacher motivation that is the trigger that pushes the teachers forward, depending on some internal and external factors. In the current study, seven research questions were designed to explore different aspects of teacher motivation, and they were analyzed via SPSS. The current study also compared the results by using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Due to the similarity of ANFIS to humans' brain intelligence, the results of the current study could be similar to humans regarding what happens in reality. To do so, the researchers used the validated teacher motivation scale (TMS) and asked participants to fill the questionnaire, and analyzed the results. When the inputs were added to the ANFIS system, the model indicated a high accuracy and prediction capability. The findings also illustrated the importance of the tuning model parameters for the ANFIS method to build up the AI model with a high repeatability level. The differences between the results and conclusions are discussed in detail in the article
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