1,720,962 research outputs found
Assessment of Healthcare Waste Generation Rate and Its Management System in Health Centers of West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region
No full textBackground: The aim of healthcare services is to reduce health problems and to prevent
potential health risks. On the other hand health facilities generate hazardous and non
hazardous waste that is potentially harmful to public health and the environment if not
segregated and dispose properly.
Objective: To assess the waste generation rate and its management system in health centers
of West Gojjam zone. .
Methods: Cross-sectional study was employed to estimate waste generation rate and evaluate
their management system in health centers from March 2007 to April 2007. Ten health centers
were included in the study. Observational checklist, key informant interview and weighting
scale were used to assess the management and to quantify the generation rate. Weighing of
healthcare waste was done for eight days in each health center. Data collectors and supervisor
were recruited and trained. Training of data collectors and calibration of weighing scale with
standard weights were done during data collection to assure data quality. Data were compiled
and analyzed with EPi Info version 6.04d & SPSS version 13.0.
Results: The mean (±SD) healthcare waste generation rate was 1.79 ±0.57 kg/day or
0.035kg/patient/day±0.07, of which (52.0%) 0.93±0.3 kg/day was general or non-hazardous
waste and (48.0%) 0.86 ± 0.33 kg/day was hazardous. The mean healthcare waste generation
rate between health centers did not significantly vary with Kurskal-Wallis test (x2=8.105, pvalue=0.524). Only six health centers used safety boxes for collection of sharp wastes and all
health centers used plastic buckets with out lid for collection of healthcare waste. Segregation
of wastes and pre treatment of infectious wastes were not employed by any of the health
centers. Only four out of ten health centers used incinerators and the rest six health centers
used open burning for disposal of healthcare wastes. All study health centers had placenta pit
for disposal of pathological waste however only three pits had proper covering material.
Training about healthcare waste management was not given for waste handlers and healthcare
workers. Operational standards and healthcare waste management committee were not found
in any of the study health centers.
Conclusion and Recommendation: The mean healthcare waste was 0.035
kg/patient/day or 1.79 kg/day per health center of HCW was generated. It is managed and
disposed in manner that pose health risk to healthcare workers, waste handlers and thecommunity in addition to contaminate the surrounding environment (air, soil and water).
Segregation of wastes at point of generation with appropriate collected material and pre
treatment of infectious waste before disposal should be practiced. Training of healthcare
workers and waste handlers should be given. Incinerators must be constructed in a manner
that facilitates complete combustion and the lining of placenta pit should be constructed in
watertight material
Geographical Variations and Factors Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Tanzania: A National Population Based Survey 2015-16
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Diarrhea remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under 5 children in low- and middle-income countries. In Tanzania, diarrhea remains one of the major public health problems. This study aimed to investigate spatial variations and the factors correlated with diarrhea in under five children.METHODS: This is a secondary data analysis using data from the population-based cross section Tanzanian Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16 data. Spatial analysis was done using the Bernoulli model from SaTScan™ software, and a generalized linear mixed model was used to identify the factors associated with childhood diarrhea.RESULTS: The overall reported prevalence of childhood diarrhea for the under five children in Tanzania was 12.1% (95%CI 11.3%-12.9%). The SaTScan spatial statics analysis revealed that diarrhea in children was not random. The odds of diarrhea were 7.35 times higher (AOR= 7.35; 95%CI: 5.29, 10.22) among children in the 6- 11 months age group compared to children within the 48-59 months of age. As mother’s age increased, the risk of diarrhea for the under five children decreased whereas the highest risk of diarrhea was observed in the two rich income brackets richer (AOR=1.70, 95%CI=1.30, 2.22), and richest (AOR= 1.05, 95%CI=1, 1.09). The odds of diarrhea were 1.25 times higher (AOR=1.25, 95%CI=1.06, 1.46) among children with unsafe stool disposal compared to those with safe disposal.CONCLUSION: The socio-demographic factors associated with diarrhea among children were mother’s age in years, current age of the child, wealth index and child stool disposal
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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