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Farklı iklim kuşaklarında yer alan eko-kentlerin, tasarım ilkelerinin derlenmesi ve Türkiye için ekolojik kentsel tasarım ön çalışma önerisi
No full textDünyanın ikliminin değiştiği ve yerkürenin hızla ısındığı günümüzde iyice etkisini göstermeye başlayan küresel ısınma sonuçlarından biridir. Küresel ısınmanın iklim koşullarında meydana getirdiği değişikliklerin etkileri sadece çevreyle sınırlı kalmayıp birçok değişimi de beraberinde getirmiştir. Doğal kaynakların hızla tüketilmeye başlanması, çevre sorunlarının ortaya çıkması ile birlikte insanların dikkatini doğaya çekmiştir. Böylece sürdürülebilirlik kavramı ortaya çıkmış ve önem kazanmıştır. Doğal çevrenin zarar görmesinde etkili olan en büyük etikeyicilerden birisi, hızlı nüfus artışı ve göçe karşılık veren hızlı kentleşmedir. Hızlı kentleşme ile daha fazla alan yerleşime açılmış ve doğa daha fazla bozulmaya başlamıştır. Geleneksel kent planlama olgusu bu tahribat karşısında çözümü olmadığı bir gerçektir. Bu yüzden özellikle son yıllarda, doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilirliğini gözeten ve insanla çevre arasındaki etkileşimi ele alan Ekolojik Planlama yaklaşımı gündemde. Bu çalışmada ekolojik planlama yaklaşımı irdelenmiştir. Köppen iklim sınıflandırılması esas alınarak uluslararası alanda başarılı olmuş farklı eko kentlerein, iklime uygun ekolojik planlama ilkeleri ile ödüllü eko-kent projelerin ilkeleri incelenip bu ilkeler karşılaştırmak amacıyla tablolaştırılmıştır. Türkiye küresel ısınmadan en fazla etkilenen ülkeler arasında yer aldığı için, çalışmanın sonunda Türkiye'nin aynı iklim kuşaklarına sahip olan alanları için uygulanabilir ekolojik planlama modeli oluşturulmuştur.One of the results of the global warming which we come up nowadays is The Earth's climate changing and also warming up the Erath. Global warming which causes lots of changes in the criteria of climate does not limited solely to the environment but results in many other changes. Starting fast depleting natural resources, together with the emergence of environmental problems have attracted people's attention to nature. Thus, the concept of sustainability emerged and gained importance. One of the biggest factors that affect the natural environmental is rapid population and fast urbanization, which also corresponds to migration. With rapid urbanization, more space was opened to settlement and further degradation of nature happens. The fact is, destruction of traditional urban planning in the face of this phenomenon is not a solution. This is specially in recent years, considered the sustainability of natural resources and ecological planning approach that addresses the interaction between man and the environment on the agenda. This study examined the ecological approach for planning. Koppen climate classification based on the different eco-cities have been successful in the international arena, climate, award-winning eco-city projects in accordance with the principles of ecological planning principles examined and shown to compare with the principles. Also for Turkey which is one of the countries, which is affected by global warming also, ecological planning model applied
Urban Environmental Aesthetic and Identity : The Case of Masouleh, Iran
Get PDFUrban environmental aesthetics and place identity have begun to take their place on the design and planning agenda, especially in recent years. Urbanization resulting from competition between cities has caused the loss of identity and aesthetics in cities all over the world. The decreasing use of traditional building methods and planning, without consideration of the local context, by developers, authorities, and even administrators of cities has led cities to resemble each other. In light of these developments, the shape, form, texture, and especially identity and aesthetics of settlements become important in planning and urban design. While the concepts of aesthetics and urban identity are difficult to define, there are some parameters to evaluate them.
This paper has two main objectives. The first is to determine parameters to evaluate aesthetics and urban identity. The second is to check these parameters over historical and touristic settlements. For this purpose, the concepts of aesthetics and spatial identity will be explained within the scope of the literature. The city of Masouleh in Iran has been chosen as an example of a historical and touristic settlement. The systematic development of the historical settlement, as well as the landscape, identity, and aesthetics of the environment's harmony and texture, were evaluated with a descriptive-analytical approach methodology based on the parameters revealed in the scope of the research. The findings aim to reveal the aesthetics and identity of historical residential areas. Including this information in scientific studies will lead to the design of more aesthetic settlements in the future
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Oblikovalski dejavniki v estetski presoji novozgrajenih okolij in njihova vključenost v zakonodajo: primer Istanbula
Get PDFNovozgrajena okolja v mestih, katerih značilnosti so se spremenile zaradi neoliberalnih procesov in prednostnih odločitev, so pogosto predmet kritik zaradi pomanjkanja estetske kakovosti. Zaradi teh kritik postaja estetska presoja tovrstnih okolij čedalje pomembnejša, pri čemer se pojavljata ključni vprašanji, kako lahko take presoje opravimo in kako lahko njihova dognanja vključimo v zakonodajo. Avtorici članka obe vprašanji obravnavata na primeru Istanbula, pri čemer določata in razvrščata formalne estetske dejavnike na podlagi faktorske analize in analize variance izsledkov ankete, ki sta jo leta 2017 v Istanbulu opravili s tremi vzorčnimi skupinami (raziskovalci, oblikovalci in uradniki). Izsledki analiz kažejo, da se pri presojanju formalne estetike pogledi raziskovalcev razlikujejo od pogledov uradnikov in oblikovalcev. Poleg tega razkrivajo, da so značaj in identiteta, zelena gradnja in neujemanje identitete in grajenih oblik pomembni dejavniki, ki vplivajo na urbano formalno estetiko novozgrajenih okolij. Avtorici članek skleneta z razpravo o tem, kako bi lahko te dejavnike na primeru Istanbula vključili v zakonodajo
The Importance of Sustainable Urban Development and Its Impacts on Turkey's Urban Environmental Laws
No full textRapid population growth in urban areas and extinction danger of natural resources in order to meet the food needs of these population, has revealed the need for sustainability. It did not last long that city planners realized the importance of an equal access to natural resources with protecting and managing them in cities, in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. Like in other countries The Turkish Government is aware of the importance of the sustainable development in their cities. The government issued new laws for protection of environmental assets and so that the preservation of natural ecology. The main objective of this article is to emphasis the importance of the sustainable development in the context of the developing world by giving special information about the method of the Turkish Government for protecting nature with approval of difference laws in this area
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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