165,641 research outputs found
Medium access control, error control and routing in underwater acoustic networks: a discussion on protocol design and implementation
No full textThe journey of underwater communication which began from Leonardo’s era took four and a half centuries to find practical applications for military purposes during World War II. However, over the last three decades, underwater acoustic communications witnessed a massive development due to the advancements in the design of underwater communicating
peripherals and their supporting protocols. Successively, doors are opened for a wide range of applications to employ in the underwater environment, such as oceanography, pollution
monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, navigation assistance, monitoring, coastal patrol and surveillance. Different applications may have different characteristics and hence, may require different network architectures. For instance, routing protocols designed for unpartitioned multi-hop networks are not suitable for Delay-Tolerant Networks. Furthermore, single-hop networks do not need routing protocols at all. Therefore, before
developing a protocol one must study the network architecture properly and design it accordingly.
There are several other factors which should also be considered with the network architecture while designing an efficient protocol for underwater networks, such as long propagation delay, limited bandwidth, limited battery power, high bit error rate of the channel and several other adverse properties of the channel, such as, multi-path, fading and refractive behaviors. Moreover, the environment also has an impact on the performance of the protocols designed for underwater networks. Even temperature changes in a single day have an impact on the performance of the protocols. A good protocol designed for any network should consider some or all of these characteristics to achieve better performance.
In this thesis, we first discuss the impact of the environment on the performance of MAC and routing protocols. From our investigation, we discover that even temperature changes within a day may affect the sound speed profile and hence, the channel changes and the protocol performance vary. After that we discuss several protocols which are specifically designed for underwater acoustic networks to serve different purposes and for different network architectures. Underwater Selective Repeat (USR) is an error control protocol designed to assure reliable data transmission in the MAC layer. One may suspect that employing an error control technique over a channel which already suffers from long propagation delays is a burden. However, USR utilizes long propagation by transmitting multiple packets in a single RTT using an interlacing technique. After USR, a routing protocol for surveillance networks is discussed where some sensors are laid down at the bottom of the sea and some sinks are placed outside the area. If a sensor detects an asset within its detection range, it announces the presence of intruders by transmitting packets to the sinks. It may happen
that the discovered asset is an enemy ship or an enemy submarine which creates noise to jam the network. Therefore, in surveillance networks, it is necessary that the protocols have
jamming resistance capabilities. Moreover, since the network supports multiple sinks with similar anycast address, we propose a Jamming Resistance multi-path Multi-Sink Routing
Protocol (MSRP) using a source routing technique. However, the problem of source routing is that it suffers from large overhead (every packet includes the whole path information) with
respect to other routing techniques, and also suffers from the unidirectional link problem. Therefore, another routing protocol based on a distance vector technique, called Multi-path
Routing with Limited Cross-Path Interference (L-CROP) protocol is proposed, which employs a neighbor-aware multi-path discovery algorithm to support low interference multiple paths
between each source-destination pair. Following that, another routing protocol is discussed for next generation coastal patrol and surveillance network, called Underwater Delay-Tolerant
Network (UDTN) routing where some AUVs carry out the patrolling work of a given area and report to a shore based control-center. Since the area to be patrolled is large, AUVs
experience intermittent connectivity. In our proposed protocol, two nodes that understand to be in contact with each other calculate and divide their contact duration equally so that
every node gets a fair share of the contact duration to exchange data. Moreover, a probabilistic spray technique is employed to restrict the number of packet transmissions and for error correction a modified version of USR is employed.
In the appendix, we discuss a framework which was designed by our research group to realize underwater communication through simulation which is used in most of the simulations in this thesis, called DESERT Underwater (short for DEsign, Simulate, Emulate and Realize Test-beds for Underwater network protocols). It is an underwater extension of the
NS-Miracle simulator to support the design and implementation of underwater network protocols. Its creation assists the researchers in to utilizing the same codes designed for the
simulator to employ in actual hardware devices and test in the real underwater scenario
Social power and information technology implementation: a contentious framing lens
No full textResearch on the organizational implementation of information technology (IT) and social power has favoured explanations based on issues of resource power and process power at the expense of matters of meaning power. As a result, although the existence and importance of meaning power is acknowledged, its distinctive practices and enacted outcomes remain relatively under-theorized and under-explored by IT researchers. This paper focused on unpacking the practices and outcomes associated with the exercise of meaning power within the IT implementation process. Our aim was to analyze the practices employed to construct meaning and enact a collective 'definition of the situation'. We focused on framing and utilizing the signature matrix technique to represent and analyze the exercise of meaning power in practice. The paper developed and illustrated this conceptual framework using a case study of a conflictual IT implementation in a challenging public sector environment. We concluded by pointing out the situated nature of meaning power practices and the enacted outcomes. Our research extends the literature on IT and social power by offering an analytical framework distinctly suited to the analysis and deeper understanding of the meaning power properties. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Avgerou C, 2007, MIS QUART, V31, P295; Azad B, 2009, GOV INFORM Q, V26, P5, DOI 10.1016-j.giq.2008.08.005; Barrett M., 2006, J APPL BEHAV SCI, V42, P6, DOI 10.1177-0021886305285299; Bateson G., 1972, STEPS ECOLOGY MIND; Berger P. L., 1966, SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION; Bijker W. E., 1997, BICYCLES BAKELITES B; Boudreau MC, 2005, ORGAN SCI, V16, P3, DOI 10.1287-orsc.1040.0103; Bourdieu P., 1970, REPROD ED SOC CULTUR; Bradshaw-Camball P, 1991, ORGAN SCI, V2, P379, DOI 10.1287-orsc.2.4.379; Creed D, 2002, ORGAN SCI, V13, P475; Creed D. W. E., 2002, ORGAN RES METHODS, V5, P34; Davidson E., 2006, J APPL BEHAV SCI, V42, P23, DOI DOI 10.1177-0021886305285126; Davidson EJ, 2002, MIS QUART, V26, P329, DOI 10.2307-4132312; Dougherty D, 1996, ACAD MANAGE J, V39, P1120, DOI 10.2307-256994; Dowell G, 2002, ADV STRAT M, V19, P97; EISENHARDT KM, 1989, ACAD MANAGE REV, V14, P532, DOI 10.2307-258557; ENTMAN RM, 1993, J COMMUN, V43, P51, DOI 10.1111-j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x; Evered R., 1981, ACAD MANAGE REV, V6, P385, DOI DOI 10.2307-257374; Faraj S, 2004, INFORM TECHNOLOGY PE, V17, P186, DOI 10.1108-09593840410542501; Gamson W., 1983, EVALUATING WELFARE S, P397; GAMSON WA, 1989, AM J SOCIOL, V95, P1, DOI 10.1086-229213; Gitlin Todd, 1980, WHOLE WORLD IS WATCH; Goffman E., 1974, FRAME ANAL ESSAY ORG; HARDY C, 1985, J MANAGE STUD, V22, P384, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-6486.1985.tb00004.x; Hardy C., 1996, BRIT J MANAGE, V7, P3; Hargrave TJ, 2006, ACAD MANAGE REV, V31, P864; Howcroft D, 2006, INFORM SYST J, V16, P215, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2575.2006.00216.x; Jasperson J, 2002, MIS QUART, V26, P397, DOI 10.2307-4132315; Lin A, 2005, EUR J INFORM SYST, V14, P49, DOI 10.1057-palgrave.ejis.3000521; MARKUS ML, 1987, COMMUN ACM, V30, P498, DOI 10.1145-214762.214764; MARKUS ML, 1983, COMMUN ACM, V26, P430, DOI 10.1145-358141.358148; Markuss M. L., 2004, J INF TECHNOL, V19, P3; Nidumolu SR, 1996, MIS QUART, V20, P197, DOI 10.2307-249478; ORLIKOWSKI WJ, 1994, ACM T INFORM SYST, V12, P174, DOI 10.1145-196734.196745; Pettigrew A.M., 1973, POLITICS ORG DECISIO; Pfeffer J., 1981, POWER ORG; Sillince JAA, 1997, INFORM SYST RES, V8, P368, DOI 10.1287-isre.8.4.368; Silva L., 2003, J ASSOC INF SYST, V4, P294; Benford RD, 2000, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V26, P611, DOI 10.1146-annurev.soc.26.1.611; Swan J, 2005, HUM RELAT, V58, P913, DOI 10.1177-0018726705057811; Thomas W. I., 1928, SOCIAL PSYCHOL SYMBO, P154; *UN DEV PROGR, 2005, RBAS MIC BEST PRACT; WILLCOCKS L, 2003, SOCIAL THEORY PHILOS, P238; *WORLD BANK, 1994, MEM PRES REV ENH TEC; *WORLD BANK, 2003, MEM REC PRES SUPPL L; Yin R. K., 2003, CASE STUDY RES DESIG86
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
Using signature matrix to analyze conflicting frames during the IS implementation process
No full textAnalyzing and theoretically accommodating the presence of diverse perspectives or frames during the implementation process has proved conceptually complex and empirically elusive within the extant IS research. The purpose of this manuscript is to introduce a research methodology to rectify these challenges in analyzing frames, i.e., signature matrix. We posit that this approach can help scholars to research perspectives or frames in a more transparent and straightforward manner which has been rare so far and as a result contribute to frame analysis in IS research. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.Azad B, 2011, INFORM SYST J, V21, P33, DOI 10.1111-J.1365-2575.2010.00349.x; Azad B, 2008, J STRATEGIC INF SYST, V17, P75, DOI 10.1016-j.jsis.2007.12.001; Baxter J, 2003, ACCOUNT ORG SOC, V28, P97, DOI 10.1016-S0361-3682(02)00022-3; Berger P. L., 1966, SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION; Creed D. W. E., 2002, ORGAN RES METHODS, V5, P34; Davidson E., 2006, J APPL BEHAV SCI, V42, P23, DOI DOI 10.1177-0021886305285126; ENTMAN RM, 1993, J COMMUN, V43, P51, DOI 10.1111-j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x; Gamson W., 1983, EVALUATING WELFARE S, P397; Glass RL, 2006, COMMUN ACM, V49, P15, DOI 10.1145-1145287.1145301; Goffman E., 1974, FRAME ANAL ESSAY ORG; He J, 2008, J MANAGE INFORM SYST, V25, P301, DOI 10.2753-MIS0742-1222250111; Howcroft D, 2006, INFORM SYST J, V16, P215, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2575.2006.00216.x; Hutchison AJ, 2010, INT J SOC RES METHOD, V13, P283, DOI 10.1080-13645570902996301; IVES B, 1984, MANAGE SCI, V30, P586, DOI 10.1287-mnsc.30.5.586; MARKUS ML, 1983, COMMUN ACM, V26, P430, DOI 10.1145-358141.358148; Neisser U., 1976, COGNITION REALITY PR; Nicolaou AI, 2008, INT J ACCOUNT INF SY, V9, P131, DOI 10.1016-j.accinf.2008.07.001; ORLIKOWSKI WJ, 1994, ACM T INFORM SYST, V12, P174, DOI 10.1145-196734.196745; Orlikowski WJ, 2006, J APPL BEHAV SCI, V42, P127, DOI 10.1177-0021886305285130; Reese S. D., 2003, FRAMING PUBLIC LIFE, P7; Rose J, 2006, INT J ACCOUNTING INF, V7, P217, DOI DOI 10.1016-J.ACCINF.2006.06.003; Benford RD, 2000, ANNU REV SOCIOL, V26, P611, DOI 10.1146-annurev.soc.26.1.611; Wagners E. L., 2006, J APPL BEHAV SCI, V42, P40, DOI 10.1177-0021886305284290; Walsh J.P., 1995, ORGAN SCI, V6, P280; Walsham G, 1995, INFORM SYST RES, V6, P376, DOI 10.1287-isre.6.4.37610
Ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the thumb- An overview of the injury and treatment
No full textFalsafah Pemikiran Hatta Azad Khan dalam Kumpulan Drama Dunia Belum Kiamat: Philosophical Thought by Hatta Azad Khan in Kumpulan Drama Dunia Belum Kiamat
No full textMakalah ini adalah untuk melihat falsafah pemikiran Hatta Azad Khan dalam Kumpulan Drama Dunia Belum Kiamat (2013). Fokus kajian ini ialah untuk mengenal pasti dan membincangkan falsafah dan pemikiran yang ingin diketengahkan oleh pengarang dalam kumpulan drama tersebut. Kumpulan Drama Dunia Belum Kiamat (2013) beraliran realisme dan mengandungi lima buah drama iaitu drama Awang, Anak Korporat, Dunia Belum Kiamat, Cermin Tipu Daya dan Puteri Gunung Ledang. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan ialah kaedah kepustakaan dan analisis kandungan. Kajian ini menggunapakai teori Sosiologi oleh J. Duvidnaud (1972) untuk mencapai dua objektif kajian. Pertama, untuk mengenal pasti falsafah dan pemikiran dalam Kumpulan Drama Dunia Belum Kiamat (2013) karya Hatta Azad Khan. Kedua, membincangkan falsafah dan pemikiran dalam Kumpulan Drama Dunia Belum Kiamat (2013) dari aspek sosial, politik dan ekonomi. Kajian ini menghasilkan dapatan kajian iaitu Kumpulan Drama Dunia Belum Kiamat (2013) karya Hatta Azad Khan merupakan sebuah kumpulan drama yang sarat dengan falsafah dan pemikiran. Falsafah dan pemikiran tersebut terdiri daripada pemikiran sosial, ekonomi dan politik.
This research is intended to view the philosophical thoughts of Hatta Azad Khan in Kumpulan Drama Dunia Belum Kiamat (2013). This research is focusing on identifying and discussing the philosophy and the thoughts which had been highlighted by the author of the above mentioned drama’s group. The drama’s group is based on realism and it is comprised of five dramas which are Awang, Anak Korporat, Dunia Belum Kiamat, Cermin Tipu Daya dan Puteri Gunung Ledang.. The method used in this research was literature analysis and content analysis method. This study applied the Sociological Theory by J. Duvidnaud (1972) to achieve two objectives which were to identify and to discuss the philosophy and the perspectives in Kumpulan Drama Dunia Belum Kiamat (2013) by Hatta Azad Khan specifically in terms of social, economic and political aspect. Hence, the research findings showed that this group of drama was loaded philosophy perspectives that consist of social, economic and political thinking
What shapes Global diffusion of e-government: Comparing the infuence of national governance institutions
No full textPrior research has established the existence of a differential between industrialized and other countries for e-Government diffusion. It attempts to explain this divide by identifying economic and technical variables. At the same time, the role of national governance institutions in e-Government diffusion has been relatively under-theorized and under-studied. The authors posit that, the existing national governance institutions shape the diffusion and assimilation of e-Government in any country via associated institutions in three key sectors: government, private sector and non-governmental organizations. This paper develops and tests a preliminary model of e-Government diffusion using the governance institutional climate as represented via democratic practices, transparency of private sector corporate governance, corruption perception, and the free press. The results indicate that the level of development of national governance institutions can explain the level of e-Government diffusion over and above economic and technical variables. The authors' research contributes to the literature by providing initial evidence that the existing national governance institutions infuence and shape e-Gov diffusion and assimilation beyond the adoption stage. © 2010, IGI Global.AHRENS J, 2002, DEV TRANSITION, V6, P35; AHRENS J, 2006, PRIVATE U APPL SCI G; Andersen KV, 2006, GOV INFORM Q, V23, P236, DOI 10.1016-j.giq.2005.11.008; Azad B, 2009, GOV INFORM Q, V26, P5, DOI 10.1016-j.giq.2008.08.005; Besley T., 2002, RIGHT TELL ROLE MASS, P45; Boyer-Wright K. 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Institutionalized computer workaround practices in a Mediterranean country: an examination of two organizations
No full textInformation systems research often treats computer workarounds tangentially and as temporary phenomena. This exploratory research embraces anomalous system use in general and computer workarounds in particular by suggesting why the latter can be institutionalized and how they may be manifested in practice. Anomalous use is defined as sociomaterial actions around an IT artifact not consistent with its design or related official rules that nevertheless constitute system enactment in practice. The persistence of computer workarounds might be explained by the tension between top-down pressures from the external environment and bottom-up constraints from day-to-day operational work. These insights are drawn from an up-close study of workarounds in two cases from the Mediterranean region. The workaround practices involve decoupling and loose coupling, effectively creating equilibrium between the aforementioned top-down and bottom-up influences. This may be attributed to parity between the influence exercised by external regulatory-accrediting bodies and the constraints of day-to-day work within the focal organization (i.e., work ethos, material constraints, and discretion to decouple). Our results show why some computer workarounds exhibit institutionalized behavior and their antecedent conditions. We also suggest that constituent workaround practices may exist as twin but distinctive behavioral patterns- non-compliance (or partial compliance) with an official rule and partially (or fully) working around designed systems. © 2012 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.Azad B, 2008, EUR J INFORM SYST, V17, P264, DOI 10.1057-ejis.2008.14; Boudreau MC, 2005, ORGAN SCI, V16, P3, DOI 10.1287-orsc.1040.0103; Constantinides P., 2006, J APPL BEHAV SCI, V42, P76, DOI 10.1177-0021886305284291; DESANCTIS G, 1994, ORGAN SCI, V5, P121, DOI 10.1287-orsc.5.2.121; EISENHARDT KM, 1989, ACAD MANAGE REV, V14, P532, DOI 10.2307-258557; Evered R., 1981, ACAD MANAGE REV, V6, P385, DOI DOI 10.2307-257374; Ferneley EH, 2006, EUR J INFORM SYST, V15, P345, DOI 10.1057-palgrave.ejis.3000629; GASSER L, 1986, ACM T INFORM SYST, V4, P205, DOI 10.1145-214427.214429; GERSON EM, 1986, ACM T INFORM SYST, V4, P257, DOI 10.1145-214427.214431; Greenwood R, 1996, ACAD MANAGE REV, V21, P1022, DOI 10.2307-259163; International Finance Corporation, 2009, DOING BUS AR WORLD 2; INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF), 2005, LEB REP OBS STAND CO; Klein HK, 1999, MIS QUART, V23, P67, DOI 10.2307-249410; KOBAYASHI M, 2005, CHI 05 HUM FACT COMP; Koopman P, 2003, IEEE INTELL SYST, V18, P70, DOI 10.1109-MIS.2003.1249172; KUNIN CM, 1993, ANN INTERN MED, V118, P557; Lapointe L, 2005, MIS QUART, V29, P461; LEE AS, 1989, MIS QUART, V13, P33, DOI 10.2307-248698; Leonard-Barton D, 1990, ORGAN SCI, V1, P248, DOI 10.1287-orsc.1.3.248; MEYER JW, 1977, AM J SOCIOL, V83, P340, DOI 10.1086-226550; Navarra DD, 2010, INFORM TECHNOL DEV, V16, P128, DOI 10.1080-02681101003741681; ORTON JD, 1990, ACAD MANAGE REV, V15, P203, DOI 10.2307-258154; PATTON KA, 2002, AM J HEALTH-SYST PH, V59, pS16; Scott W. R., 2008, I ORG IDEAS INTEREST; Selznick P, 1996, ADMIN SCI QUART, V41, P270, DOI 10.2307-2393719; Selznick P., 1949, TVA GRASS ROOTS STUD; STRAUSS A, 1998, BASICS QUALITATIVE R; THE WORLD BANK, 1994, LE3770 WORLD BANK; Wagners E. L., 2006, J APPL BEHAV SCI, V42, P40, DOI 10.1177-0021886305284290; Yin R. K., 2003, CASE STUDY RES DESIG50
Murder on the mountain: author talk with Peter J. Wosh
No full textAuthor talk by Peter J. Wosh on May 5th, 2022, on his book, "Murder on the Mountain: crime, passion, and punishment in gilded age New Jersey.
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