19 research outputs found
Tracing the origins of the Holdeman Church: the formation of a conservative Mennonite religion
No full textThis study traces the historical origins of the Church of God in Christ, Mennonite (CGCM), informally the Holdeman Church, a group whose forbears were among the early Anabaptists in the Dutch Lowlands. To understand how the CGCM was formed in the nineteenth century United States and persists into the twenty-first century, the frameworks of social formation and revitalization are used to identify and describe the structures and processes that led to the creation of the Holdeman Church.
In the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century, the Anabaptists emerged as a radical group, advocating adult baptism and separation from the world. Three conservative religious groups resulted from the Anabaptist movement and today are known as the Amish, the Hutterites, and the Mennonites. Early in the sixteenth century, a man named Menno Simons applied his leadership talents to help coalesce the various Anabaptist groups in the Netherlands into what became known as the Mennonites. A few hundred years later, we find Elder John Holdeman spreading the Gospel in the rural Great Plains of America, demonstrating a remarkable likeness in worldview and belief to Menno Simons.
What is the relevance of the Anabaptist movement of the sixteenth century with the Mennonites in the nineteenth century United States? If we turn our attention to the small group of Mennonites led by Holdeman, known informally as the Holdeman Church, we will see striking similarities in doctrine and practice that were evident in Simons’ people of the sixteenth century Dutch Lowlands. Based on this observation, this study demonstrates the profound continuities that link the Holdeman Church, formed in mid- nineteenth century America, to the various groups that coalesced under Simons’ leadership and who were the first to be called "Mennonite."
Although Holdeman’s worldview was clearly anchored to Menno Simons and the Anabaptism of the sixteenth century, he benefited from a burst of religious revivalism in the early nineteenth century U.S. In this cultural ferment, lay preachers hoped to bring evangelical conversion to ordinary people. These religious leaders derived their authority not from education or stature, but rather from the art of persuasion. This energy contributed to the formation of a variety of new religious groups, teachings, and practices. Holdeman was likely emboldened by this religious activism, leading him to strike out on his own to create a new church. While the church has adhered to Anabaptist traditions, the CGCM has also adapted to modern American culture, acknowledging that change will continue to be a part of Holdeman life.M.A.Includes bibliographical reference
Corporate strategy, corporate capture : Food and alcohol industry lobbying and public health
No full textThis article examines two industry sectors - those making and selling fast food and alcoholic beverages or associated products. We examine their role in influencing policy and decision making on the regulation of their products for health reasons. We argue that the food and alcohol industries engage in a very wide range of tactics and strategies to defend and indeed to promote their 'licence to operate'. We focus in on a specific component of these by examining public relations and lobbying strategies and their impacts on elite decision makers. We suggest that lobbying influence is a matter of both communication and action. We go on to outline the vertical and horizontal differentiation of lobbying strategies arguing that policy capture is the ultimate goal of lobbying, though influence is pursued by wide-ranging strategies to capture various arenas of decision making. We examine four key arenas; science, civil society, the media and policy, closing with an examination of two cases of the so-called 'partnership' model of governance
Botanising in Linnaean Britain : a study of Upper Teesdale in northern England.
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN017259 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
O racista ignóbil e o perspectivista compassivo: refletindo sobre a tradução de poemas de A Kasïdah de Richard Burton
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2014.O tema desta tese é a tradução da ira. Este sentimento, que está presente na literatura ocidental já como primeira palavra daquele que é o primeiro dos seus livros, A Ilíada, e que varia, como pretendo demonstrar, de grupo humano para grupo humano. Escolhi tratar da ira de um escritor em especi-al, sir Richard Francis Burton (1821-1890), propondo uma releitura do escritor britânico, famoso pela tradução das Mil e uma noites e por seus livros de viagem, como um autor revoltado, uma espécie de guerrilheiro das letras. Pretendo demonstrá-lo a partir da tradução de algumas estrofes de seu longo poema, A Kasidah, escrito e publicado em 1880, quando o autor tinha sessenta anos. Trata-se de um conjunto de duzentos e sessenta e quatro estrofes e quinhentos e vinte e oito versos, em que o escritor britânico ataca ingleses, franceses, árabes e hindus. Assim, primeiro, faço uma revisão das representações do escritor britânico na literatura especializada, mostrando que grande parte de sua ira se origina do temperamento revoltado e da expe-rimentação do ponto de vista do nativo. Depois, faço um estudo da história da representação dos gurus e poetas na literatura ocidental, mostrando de que forma deu origem à gurumania, isto é, a invocação em textos de poesia e prosa de teorias orientais com o propósito de explicar a razão da vida. A Kasidah, como quero mostrar, faz parte desta rede de textos. Em seguida, escrevo sobre as personalidades nas quais Burton, ao escrever A Kasidah, desdobrou-se. Mostro de que forma se originam nas experiências de troca de perspectivas que o escritor britânico fez. Mais tarde, demonstro que Richard Burton escreveu A Kasidah em resposta à tradução que Edward FitzGerald fez das Rubáiyát de Omar Khayyam. Por fim, em meu último capítulo, descrevo de que forma a ira varia de grupo humano para grupo humano. Assim, sigo por indicar a maneira em que, acredito, se deva tradu-zir a ira nos trabalhos de Richard Burton.Abstract : The theme of this thesis is the translation of anger. This feeling, which is already present in Western literature as the first word of that which is the first of his books, The Iliad, and it varies, as I will argue, from human group to human group. I chose to talk about the wrath of a particular writer, Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821-1890), proposing a reinterpretation of the British writer, famous for the translation of The Arabian Nights and his travel books, as an angry author, a kind of writer guerrilheiro. I intend to prove it from the translation of some verses of his long poem, The Kasidah, written and published in 1880, when the author was sixty years old. It is a set of two hundred sixty-four stanzas and five hundred twenty-eight verses, in which the British writer attacks English, French, Arabic and Hindu people. So first, I review the representations of the British writer in the specialized literature, showing that much of his anger stems from angry temperament and experimentation from the point of view of the native. Then I do a study of the history of the representation of gurus and poets in Western literature, showing how it gave rise to gurumania, ie the invocation of poetry and prose texts of oriental theories purporting to explain the rea-son of life. The Kasidah, as I want to show, is part of this network of texts. Then I write about the personalities in which Burton, writing The Kasidah, unfolded. I show how they come from the experiences of exchange of pers-pectives that the British writer did. Later, I show that Richard Burton wrote The Kasidah in response to Edward FitzGerald translation of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Finally, in my last chapter, I describe how the anger will vary from human group to human group. Then, I indicate the way in which, I believe, the anger should be translated Richard Burton's work
Clinical presentation and management of snakebite envenoming in northern Ghana
No full textBACKGROUND: Snakebite envenoming is among the top five emergency health conditions in northern Ghana. Among the four genera of snake species classified to be of highest medical importance, species with haemotoxic venom are responsible for about 90% of all snakebite case presentations in the region. However, there is a dearth of clinical data on signs and symptoms of envenoming, treatment practices and health outcomes. We examined the signs and symptoms of envenoming and clinical management practices at referral hospitals in northern Ghana. METHODS: Medical records of patients reporting on account of snakebite between 2016 and 2020 at the Wa Municipal Hospital in the Upper West region and the Baptist Medical Centre in the North East region of Ghana were reviewed. Demographic characteristics, patients' clinical data and management practices were analysed and evaluated taking into consideration the national standard treatment guideline. RESULTS: A total of 2,684 records of patients reporting on account of snakebite were accessed at both health facilities over the five-year period. 91% of the patients were admitted to the ward. Swelling, severe pain and bleeding were the most common clinical signs upon presentation. A total of 1,670 (64.7%) of all the patients tested had at least one abnormal blood clotting result suggesting haemotoxicity. Antivenom was administered to 84.3% of the patients. Antibiotics were administered to 70.5% with amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, flucloxacillin and metronidazole accounting for 59.2% of all antibiotics administered. The recorded case-fatality rate was 1.9%. CONCLUSION: The annual hospital attendance rate on account of snakebite to the Wa Municipal Hospital and the Baptist Medical Centre is estimated at 55 persons per 100,000 population per year. Mortality was low, with antivenom available to most of the patients. More evidence is needed on the indication and dosing of antivenom and to improve appropriate ancillary care.</p
Identity and differences : the role of memory, narrative, and history in personal identity
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Demographics, socio-economic characteristics, and risk factor prevalence in patients with non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke in low- and middle-income countries: The OPTIC registry
No full textBackground: There is a paucity of data on patients with stroke-transient ischaemic attack in low- and middle-income countries. We sought to describe the characteristics and management of patients with an ischaemic stroke and recent transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic strokes in low- or middle-income countries. Methods: The Outcomes in Patients with TIA and Cerebrovascular disease registry is an international, prospective study. Patients ≥45 years who required secondary prevention of stroke (either following an acute transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic strokes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 4) of 24h duration, or recent (6 months), stable, first-ever, non-disabling ischaemic stroke) were enrolled in 17 countries in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa. The main measures of interest were risk factors, comorbidities, and socio-economic variables. Results: Between January 2007 and December 2008, 3635 patients were enrolled in Latin America (n=1543), the Middle East (n=1041), North Africa (n=834), and South Africa (n=217). Of these, 63percent had a stable, first-ever ischaemic stroke (median delay from symptom onset to inclusion, 25 days interquartile range, 7-77); 37percent had an acute transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke (median delay, two-days; interquartile range, 0-6). Prevalence of diabetes was 46percent in the Middle East, 29percent in Latin America, 35percent in South Africa, and 38percent in North Africa; 72percent had abdominal obesity (range, 65-78percent; adjusted P0·001); prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 78percent (range, 72-84percent, P0·001). Abnormal ankle brachial index (0·9) was present in 22percent, peripheral artery disease in 7·6percent, and coronary artery disease in 13percent. Overall, 24percent of patients had no health insurance and 27percent had a low educational level. Interpretation: In this study, patients in low- and middle-income countries had a high burden of modifiable risk factors. High rates of low educational level and lack of health insurance in certain regions are potential obstacles to risk factor control. Funding: The Outcomes in Patients with TIA and Cerebrovascular disease registry is supported by Sanofi-Aventis, Paris, France. © 2012 World Stroke Organization.ADAMS HP, 1993, STROKE, V24, P35, DOI 10.1161-01.STR.24.1.35; Alberti KGMM, 2009, CIRCULATION, V120, P1640, DOI 10.1161-CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644; Bhatt DL, 2006, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V295, P180, DOI 10.1001-jama.295.2.180; Feigin VL, 2009, LANCET NEUROL, V8, P355, DOI 10.1016-S1474-4422(09)70025-0; Johnston SC, 2009, LANCET NEUROL, V8, P345, DOI 10.1016-S1474-4422(09)70023-7; Lavados PM, 2005, LANCET, V365, P2206, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(05)66779-7; National Cholesterol Education Program, 1994, CIRCULATION, V89, P1333; O'Donnell MJ, 2010, LANCET, V376, P112, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(10)60834-3; RATANAKORN D, 2011, J STROKE CEREBROVASC, DOI DOI 10.1016-J.JSTR0KECEREBR0VASDIS.2010.11.011; Rother J, 2008, CEREBROVASC DIS, V25, P366, DOI 10.1159-000120687; Strong K, 2007, LANCET NEUROL, V6, P182, DOI 10.1016-S1474-4422(07)70031-5; *WORLD BANK, WORLD DEV IND WD; Yusuf S, 2011, LANCET, V378, P1231, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(11)61215-413
Impact of living and socioeconomic characteristics on cardiovascular risk in ischemic stroke patients
No full textObjective: We aimed to stratify the risk of vascular event recurrence in patients with cerebral infarction according to living and socioeconomic characteristics and geographic region. Method: The Outcomes in Patients with TIA and Cerebrovascular Disease (OPTIC) study is an international prospective study of patients aged 45 years or older who required secondary prevention of stroke [following either an acute transient ischemic attack, minor ischemic strokes, or recent (less than six-months previous), stable, first-ever, nondisabling ischemic stroke]. A total 3635 patients from 245 centers in 17 countries in four regions (Latin America, Middle East, North Africa, South Africa) were enrolled between 2007 and 2008. The outcome measure was the two-year rate of a composite of major vascular events (vascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke). Results: During the two-year follow-up period, 516 patients experienced at least one major cardiovascular event, resulting in an event rate of 15·6percent (95percent confidence interval 14·4-16·9percent). Event rates varied across geographical region (P0·001), ranging from 13·0percent in Latin America to 20·7percent in North Africa. Unemployment status, living in a rural area, not living in fully serviced accommodation (i.e., house or apartment with its own electricity, toilet and water supply), no health insurance coverage, and low educational level (less than two-years of schooling) were predictors of major vascular events. Major vascular event rates steeply increased with the number of low-quality living-socioeconomic conditions (from 13·4percent to 47·9percent, adjusted P value for trend 0·001). Conclusion: Vascular risk in stroke patients in low- and middle-income countries varies not only with the number of arterial beds involved but also with socioeconomic variables. © 2014 World Stroke Organization.Abboud H, 2013, INT J STROKE, V8, P4, DOI 10.1111-j.1747-4949.2012.00893.x; Alberts MJ, 2009, EUR HEART J, V30, P2318, DOI 10.1093-eurheartj-ehp355; Avendano M, 2006, STROKE, V37, P1368, DOI 10.1161-01.STR.0000221702.75002.66; Bhatt DL, 2006, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V295, P180, DOI 10.1001-jama.295.2.180; Cabral NL, 2011, NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY, V36, P258, DOI 10.1159-000328865; Cox AM, 2006, LANCET NEUROL, V5, P181, DOI 10.1016-S1474-4422(06)70351-9; Feigin VL, 2009, LANCET NEUROL, V8, P355, DOI 10.1016-S1474-4422(09)70025-0; Ghali WA, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V286, P1494, DOI 10.1001-jama.286.12.1494; Goldstein LB, 2001, STROKE, V32, P1091; Hart CL, 2000, STROKE, V31, P2093; Jia HG, 2012, J RURAL HEALTH, V28, P242, DOI 10.1111-j.1748-0361.2011.00397.x; KAPLAN GA, 1993, CIRCULATION, V88, P1973; Kapral MK, 2002, STROKE, V33, P268, DOI 10.1161-hs0102.101169; Kim AS, 2011, CIRCULATION, V124, P314, DOI 10.1161-CIRCULATIONAHA.111.018820; Kleindorfer DO, 2006, ANN NEUROL, V60, P480, DOI 10.1002-ana.20974; Kugler M, 2013, HUM DEV REP 2013 RIS; Miranda JJ, 2011, HEART, V97, P787, DOI 10.1136-hrt.2010.218537; Moreira E, 2011, NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY, V36, P265, DOI 10.1159-000328867; O'Donnell MJ, 2010, LANCET, V376, P112, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(10)60834-3; Pedigo AS, 2010, ANN EPIDEMIOL, V20, P924, DOI 10.1016-j.annepidem.2010.06.013; Rodriguez D, 2011, J RURAL HEALTH, V27, P401, DOI 10.1111-j.1748-0361.2010.00352.x; RUBERMAN W, 1984, NEW ENGL J MED, V311, P552, DOI 10.1056-NEJM198408303110902; Sarrafzadegan N, 2012, SAUDI MED J, V33, P533; Sergeev AV, 2011, ETHNIC DIS, V21, P307; Smith GD, 1998, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V52, P153; Steenland K, 2004, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V159, P1047, DOI 10.1093-aje-kwh129; Steg PG, 2007, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V297, P1197, DOI 10.1001-jama.297.11.1197; Sun ZQ, 2013, INT J STROKE, V8, P701, DOI 10.1111-j.1747-4949.2012.00897.x; Truelsen T, 2008, STROKE, V39, P1653, DOI 10.1161-STROKEAHA.107.510552; van den Bos GAM, 2002, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V56, P943, DOI 10.1136-jech.56.12.943; World Bank, 2004, WORLD DEV IND 2004; Yusuf S, 2001, CIRCULATION, V104, P2746, DOI 10.1161-hc4601.099487; Yusuf S, 2004, LANCET, V364, P937, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(04)17018-9; Yusuf S, 2011, LANCET, V378, P1231, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(11)61215-40
Testing the effectiveness of advertising strategies for established brands : an empirical investigation into and a technique for measuring the response of established brands' sales to changes in advertising weight and copy using continuous panel records
No full textManaging the advertising function for established brands
requires an understanding of the nature of the advertising-sales
relationship. Historically, both experimental and non-experimental
approaches have been used to investigate this relationship, but the
impressive amount of literature in this area seems to have identified
only a number of broad generalizations. In part, this is due to the
inadequacies of the different methodologies and data sources that have
been used, which make difficult a comparison of the reported studies
for the purpose of establishing guidelines for strategic advertising
management. Continuous panel-based experimental research seems to
offer greater potential for providing further insights into the nature
of the advertising-sales relationship.
The research first investigates the appropriateness and
sensitivity of a number of models in identifying and quantifying the
effect of changes in advertising strategy on sales, using The Test
Marketing Group's (TMG) consumer diary and scanner panel data. It is
shown that the ability to identify an advertising effect, referred to
as the system's sensitivity, is significantly influenced by a number
of factors, and that it can be predicted from the number of purchase
transactions of the test brand.
By using one specific model, thirty-five advertising strategy
tests are analyzed at the aggregate, panel level, in order to estimate
the probability of causing an advertising effect on all panelists, and
to identify factors that influence the effect. Application of this
methodology represents the first consistent analysis of a collection
of historical data with the objective of developing a knowledge base
regarding advertising strategy making and testing. It is found the
probability of causing an advertising effect does not differ between
copy and weight tests, but that a change in copy carries a significant
risk of causing a negative effect. Increases in weight are
particularly effective in causing a positive effect for small share
brands. among the tests that are analyzed there is a 37.1% probability
of observing an advertising effect at the panel level, which is lower
than the probability observed in the literature.
Subsequent analysis of the same tests examines the effect of a
change in advertising strategy at the disaggregate level, that is, on
certain segments of panelists. The results of this analysis show that
significant advertising effects are observed more often, thereby
increasing the probability of observing an advertising effect to 60%.
Thus, by applying one methodology consistently across a set of
panel-based advertising strategy tests, it is possible to identify a
number of empirical norms that can aid managers in determining
effective advertising strategies for their established brands. This so
far has been difficult to derive from reported advertising studies. It
is also suggested that further insights into the advertising-sales
relationship can be obtained by increasing TMG's ability to specify
advertising exposure. An experimental data collection system developed
and tested on the basis of this further research is presented and
evaluated
