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اشكال الانزياح والإبراز في شعر "رسالة من تحت الماء" لنزار قباني: دراسة أسلوبية جيفري ليتش
Full text linkمستخلص البحث
لا تُعدّ الشعر العربية الحديثة مجرد وسيلة للتعبير الجمالي، بل تمثل أيضًا فضاءً تأمليًا يعكس اضطرابات الشاعر الداخلية من خلال لغة تنزاح عن القواعد التقليدية. ومن أبرز الأمثلة التمثيلية على ذلك قصيدة "رسالة من تحت الماء" لنزار قباني، حيث تُجسّد هذه الشعر أشكال الانزياح اللغوي واستراتيجية الإبراز بشكل مكثف، مما ينتج قوة تعبيرية وشاعرية عميقة .يهدف هذا البحث إلى (1)تحديد أشكال الانزياح والإبراز في قصيدة "رسالة من تحت الماء" لنزار قباني. (2) شرح كيف تُستخدم أشكال الانزياح أسلوبيًا لبناء الإبراز وتعزيز الشحنة العاطفية والبنية الشعرية والطاقة الجمالية في الشعر. نوع البحث هو بحث نوعي باستخدام منهج الأسلوبية، بالاعتماد على نظرية جيفري ليتش التي تقسم البنية اللغوية إلى ثلاث طبقات وفق نموذج ثلاثي: التحقق (الصوتي والخطّي)، الشكل (المعجمي والنحوي)، والمعنى (الدلالي). أُجري تحليل البيانات باستخدام المنهج الوصفي النوعي مع تقنيتي القراءة والتدوين، إضافة إلى منهجية مايلز وهوبرمان، وتصنيف البيانات ضمن النموذج الثلاثي لجيفري ليتش لتحديد أشكال الانزياح وكيفية توظيفها في بناء الإبراز. المصدر الأساسي للبيانات هو قصيدة "رسالة من تحت الماء" لنزار قباني المكوّنة من 35 سطرًا، والمنشورة في أنطولوجيا "أحلى قصائدي" في الصفحات 16–18، والصادرة عن منشورات نزار قباني عام 1999. أما المصادر الثانوية فتشمل كتبًا، ومقالات علمية، ورسائل جامعية، ومراجع أخرى ذات صلة بنظرية الانزياح، والإبراز، والأسلوبية، وخاصة من منظور جيفري ليتش. وقد أظهرت نتائج هذا البحث ما يلي(1)تتضمن الشعر خمسة أنواع رئيسية من الانزياح، تم تصنيفها ضمن الطبقات الثلاث لنموذج ليتش الثلاثي، وهي الانزياح الصوتي والانزياح الخطّي (طبقة التحقق), الانزياح المعجمي والنحوي (طبقة الشكل), والانزياح الدلالي (طبقة المعنى). (2)وُجد أن الانزياح الدلالي هو الأكثر هيمنة، لما له من تأثير عاطفي ومعنوي كبير.(3)كما كُشف عن وجود تقنيات أسلوبية كالتوازي والتكرار، التي تُعزّز من تأثير الإبراز سواء على المستوى الإيقاعي أو النفسي.(4)تؤكد تطبيقات الانزياح أن الشاعر لم يتحدَّ.
ABSTRACT
Modern Arabic poetry is not only a medium of aesthetic expression, but also a contemplative space that reflects the poet's inner upheaval through language that deviates from conventional rules. One of the most representative examples is the poem "Risālah min Taḥta al-Mā'" by Nizar Qabbani. The poem manifests a form of linguistic deviation and an intense foregrounding strategy, resulting in a profound expressive and poetic force. This study aims to (1) Identify forms of deviation and foregrounding in the poem "Risālah min Taḥta al-Mā'" by Nizar Qabbani. (2) Explain how these forms of deviation are stylistically used to establish foregrounding and strengthen emotional intensity, poetic structure, and aesthetic expressiveness in poetry. This type of research is qualitative with a stylistic approach, using Geoffrey Leech's theory which divides the structure of language into three layers through a tripartite model: realization (phonology and graphology), form (lexical and grammatical), and meaning (semantics). The analysis method was carried out in a descriptive-qualitative manner with the read-note technique as well as the analysis approach of Miles and Huberman, and thematic classification into Geoffrey Leech's tripartite model to identify the forms of deviation and how they are used in constructing foregrounding. The primary source of data in this study is the poem "Risālah min Taḥta al-Mā'" by Nizar Qabbani, consisting of 35 lines, published in the Ahla Qasaidi anthology pages 16–18, published by Mansyurat Nizar Qabbani in 1999. Secondary data sources include books, scientific articles, theses, journals, and other references relevant to the theory of deviation, foregrounding, and stylistics, especially Geoffrey Leech's perspective. The results of this study show that (1) Poetry contains five main types of deviations that are mapped into three layers of tripartite models consisting of phonological and graphological deviations (realization layers), lexical and grammatical deviations (form layers), semantic deviations (meaning layers). (2) Semantic deviation is the most dominant because it produces a high emotional intensity and depth of meaning. (3) In addition, stylistic techniques in the form of parallelism and repetition were also found that strengthened the effect of foregrounding rhythmically and psychologically. (4) The application of this deviation proves that poets not only challenge the norms of standard language, but also create a reflective and touching structure of poetry, in line with the spirit of modern poetry that not only conveys a message, but creates an aesthetic experience for the reader.
ABSTRAK
Puisi modern Arab tidak hanya menjadi media ekspresi estetik, tetapi juga ruang kontemplatif yang mencerminkan pergolakan batin penyair melalui bahasa yang menyimpang dari kaidah konvensional. Salah satu contoh paling representatif adalah puisi “Risālah min Taḥta al-Mā’” karya Nizar Qabbani. Puisi ini memanifestasikan bentuk deviasi linguistik dan strategi foregrounding yang intens, sehingga menghasilkan kekuatan ekspresif dan puitis yang mendalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi bentuk-bentuk deviasi dan foregrounding dalam puisi “Risālah min Taḥta al-Mā’” karya Nizar Qabbani. (2) menjelaskan bagaimana bentuk-bentuk deviasi tersebut secara stilistik digunakan untuk membangun foregrounding dan memperkuat intensitas emosional, struktur puitik, serta daya ungkap estetis dalam puisi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan stilistika, menggunakan teori Geoffrey Leech yang membagi struktur bahasa dalam tiga lapisan melalui model tripartit: realisasi (fonologi dan grafologi), bentuk (leksikal dan gramatikal), serta makna (semantik). Metode analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif-kualitatif dengan teknik baca-catat serta pendekatan analisis Miles dan Huberman, dan klasifikasi tematik ke dalam model tripartit Geoffrey Leech untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk-bentuk deviasi dan cara penggunaannya dalam membangun foregrounding. Sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah puisi “Risālah min Taḥta al-Mā’” karya Nizar Qabbani, terdiri dari 35 baris, dimuat dalam antologi Ahla Qasaidi halaman 16–18, diterbitkan oleh Mansyurat Nizar Qabbani pada tahun 1999. Sumber data sekunder meliputi buku, artikel ilmiah, skripsi, jurnal, dan referensi lain yang relevan dengan teori deviasi, foregrounding, dan stilistika, khususnya perspektif Geoffrey Leech. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan (1) puisi mengandung lima jenis deviasi utama yang dipetakan ke dalam tiga lapisan model tripartit yang terdiri dari deviasi fonologis dan grafologis (lapisan realisasi), deviasi leksikal dan gramatikal (lapisan bentuk), deviasi semantik (lapisan makna). (2) deviasi semantis menjadi yang paling dominan karena menghasilkan intensitas emosional dan kedalaman makna yang tinggi. (3) selain itu, ditemukan pula teknik stilistika berupa paralelisme dan repetisi yang memperkuat efek foregrounding secara ritmis maupun psikologis. (4) penerapan deviasi tersebut membuktikan bahwa penyair tidak hanya menantang norma bahasa baku, tetapi juga menciptakan struktur puisi yang reflektif dan menyentuh, sejalan dengan semangat puisi modern yang bukan sekadar menyampaikan pesan, tetapi menciptakan pengalaman estetik bagi pembaca
Pengaruh Influencer Endorsement dan Instagram Ads terhadap Purchase Intention Produk Pashmina Lozy Hijab di Surabaya
Full text linkIn recent years, fashion trends have developed into a part of lifestyle that reflects identity and self-expression. The development of social media has encouraged the fashion paradigm to be more dynamic, including in the use of hijab as a modern Muslim fashion. One of the most popular hijab today is pashmina. Lozy Hijab, as a local brand that produces pashmina, is able to develop through digital marketing strategies, namely through influencer endorsement and Instagram ads. This study aims to analyze the effect of influencer endorsement and Instagram ads on purchase intention of Lozy Hijab pashmina products in Surabaya. This study uses quantitative methods with a population of people who live in Surabaya and know Lozy Hijab through non-probality sampling. The technique used is purposive sampling of 112 respondents who meet the criteria sample, with the data analysis used being SEM PLS. The results showed that Influencer endorsement and Instagram Ads have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention of Lozy Hijab pashmina products in Surabaya
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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