73 research outputs found
Coulomb localization in orbital degenerate, doped Mott insulators
No full textWe study electron localization in a three-band extended Hubbard model describing the t(2g) electrons of doped vanadium perovskites such as La1-xCaxVO3, where Ca defects are represented by Coulomb potentials. The main goal of this paper is to explore what happens when long-range electron-electron (e-e) interactions are switched on. The electronic structure of these doped Mott-Hubbard insulators is calculated using the unrestricted Hartree-Fock approximation that allows to perform the required statistical averages over many distinct defect realizations. The Mott gap is found to persist up to large doping and the defect states, appearing inside of it, are seen to develop a defect states gap centered at the Fermi energy. The internal kinetic energy of the doped holes, forming spin-orbital polarons bound to the defects, induces the defect states gap even in the absence of e-e interactions. Such kinetic gap survives disorder fluctuations and is amplified by long-range e-e interactions. A study of the inverse participation ratio reveals the small size of such spin-orbital polarons and provides an explanation for the persistence of spin and orbital order up to high doping. (c) 2018 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
The Application of Mare’s Milk in Medicine: Does It Hold a Potential Therapeutic Value?
No full textMaher Ghandour,1 Hans Zollmann,2 Axel Horsch1 1Department of Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; 2Kurgestüt Hoher Odenwald, Waldbrunn, GermanyCorrespondence: Axel Horsch, Email [email protected]: This narrative review aims to consolidate and analyze the current body of scientific literature regarding the nutritional value and potential health benefits of mare’s milk, focusing on its impact across various human organ systems. An extensive literature search was conducted across various scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The search focused on studies related to the composition, nutritional value, and health effects of mare’s milk. Eligibility included human and animal studies reporting health outcomes of mare’s milk (composition-only papers excluded); findings were synthesized qualitatively by organ system with human vs non-human evidence distinguished and microbiological safety (raw vs pasteurized/fermented) summarized. Mare’s milk exhibits a unique nutritional profile, distinct from more common dairy sources such as cow’s milk. It is rich in essential fatty acids, probiotics, vitamins, and minerals. The review highlights potential health benefits across multiple organ systems, including the central nervous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, renal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, immune, and endocrine systems. Benefits range from improved cognitive function and gut health to enhanced immune response and potential regulation of chronic diseases. The review identifies mare’s milk as a promising alternative dairy source with multiple potential health benefits. However, it also emphasizes the need for more extensive scientific research to validate these benefits. The findings suggest mare’s milk’s potential as a functional food and its therapeutic applications, warranting further investigation in clinical settings.Keywords: Mare’s milk, nutritional benefits, functional food, alternative dairy product, therapeutic application
Collaborative Work with Medical Images Proceedings JENC7 A. Horsch 222-1
No full textMedical care and research are highly specialised and distributed. Computer supported collaboration using local and wide area networks can essentially help to bridge the communication gaps between the various actors in health care and medical research. Hereby the full integration of medical image data plays a key role due to the fact that most decisions are made looking at images, e. g. an X-ray, an MRI, a photographic picture, an ECG curve and so on. In this paper three running pilot projects are presented which implement and evaluate different kinds of computer supported collaboration at a university hospital with emphasis on medical images: (1) A medical informatics research and development collaboration in endoscopy between image analysis experts and clinicians at different institutions. (2) A patient treatment collaboration between the physician at the nuclear reactor performing the radiation and the radiation planning experts at the Clinic of Radiation Therapy. (3) A medical resea..
Reaktionen auf schleichende Katastrophen: Das Beispiel „unbeherrschbare Seuchen“ — Aids —
No full textA virtual sleepcoach for people suffering from insomnia
No full textPeople suffering from insomnia have problems falling asleep or staying asleep. Insomnia impairs people’s daily life and their quality of life decreases. Approximately 10% of the population suffers from insomnia. The common treatment for insomnia is cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), mostly delivered by a therapist that people see once a week. A disadvantage of the current practice of insomnia treatment is the limited accessibility of insomnia treatment. Moreover, adherence to CBT-I exercises seems to be difficult. A virtual sleep coach that is provided through a smartphone might be a possible solution to both of these drawbacks. A virtual coach is never tired, never frustrated, never forgets things, and never gives up. Furthermore, it could improve accessibility, give tailored background information, offer personalized advice and feedback, monitor progress, provide support, and automatically trackbehaviour. Additionally, the majority of people in wealthy nations own a smartphone and emerging countries are expected to follow soon, making this type of intervention readily accessible to a large group of people. In short, a virtual sleep coach seems to be a good opportunity to improve traditional CBT-I. Concurrent to developing such a virtual sleep coach, answers to the question of how persuasive strategies can contribute to treatment adherence in an effective virtual sleep coach are explored
Una tesis doctoral pionera e iluminadora en educación médica: La tesis alemana de Horsch (1807)
No full textIntroduction. This study analyzes a German doctoral thesis entitled Über die Bildung des Arztes als Klinikers und als Staatsdieners (On the Education of Physicians as Clinicians and Civil Servants), defended by Philipp Joseph Horsch (1772-1820) at the University of Würzburg in 1807, possibly the world's first doctoral thesis in the field of medical education. Method. This study is a historiographical and bibliographic review of an academic document, a doctoral dissertation retrieved from the German LEVIVO database. Therefore, it is a documental case study. Results. The academic context and its agents are easily inferable: the University of Würzburg with its associated clinical hospital, the Julius Hospital (Juliusspital) and its medical professors. At the beginning of the 19th century, Europe was immersed in the devastating Napoleonic wars. The text addresses a series of dilemmas related to basic conceptions of medical education, established as dichotomies to be overcome by emphasizing clinical teaching. These dilemmas included: the new versus the old, theory versus practice, medicine as an art versus as a science, hospital versus outpatient medicine, and state physicians versus private ones, which the author does not consider antagonistic, or exclusive, but rather options that can be integrated, synthesized, because they are basically complementary and solvable through hybrid solutions. The author's extensive attention to physicians as civil servants is discussed. In addition, a number of pedagogical recommendations are inferred from the thesis. Discussion. The thesis offers a novel vision of medical education for its time, containing a series of considerations that are still relevant today in the movement of Practical Medicine. Throughout the thesis there are abundant educational recommendations that should not be ignored because they are perennial, in the Leibnizian sense of the term.
Introducción. Este estudio analiza una tesis doctoral alemana titulada Über die Bildung des Arztes als Klinikers und als Staatsdieners (Sobre la educación de los médicos como clínicos y funcionarios), defendida por Philipp Joseph Horsch en la Universidad de Würzburg en 1807, posiblemente la primera tesis doctoral del mundo en el campo de la educación médica. Método. Este estudio es una revisión historiográfica y bibliográfica de un documento académico, una tesis doctoral recuperada de la base de datos alemana LEVIVO. Se trata, por tanto, de un estudio de caso documental. Resultados. El contexto académico y sus agentes son fácilmente deducibles: la Universidad de Würzburg con su hospital clínico asociado, el Hospital Julius (Juliusspital) y sus profesores de medicina. A principios del siglo XIX, Europa estaba inmersa en las devastadoras guerras napoleónicas. El texto aborda una serie de dilemas relacionados con las concepciones básicas de la enseñanza de la medicina, establecidas como dicotomías que debían superarse haciendo hincapié en la enseñanza clínica. Estos dilemas incluían: lo nuevo frente a lo viejo, la teoría frente a la práctica, la medicina como arte frente a como ciencia, la medicina hospitalaria frente a la ambulatoria, y los médicos estatales frente a los privados: dilemas que el autor no considera antagónicos, ni excluyentes, sino opciones que pueden integrarse, sintetizarse, porque son, básicamente complementarias y resolubles mediante soluciones híbridas. Se discute la amplia atención que el autor presta al médico como funcionario público. Además, se deducen de esta tesis una serie de recomendaciones pedagógicas. Discusión. La tesis ofrece una visión de la educación médica novedosa para su época, y que contiene una serie de consideraciones que siguen siendo relevantes hoy en día en el movimiento de Medicina Práctica. A lo largo de la tesis hay abundantes recomendaciones educativas que no deben ser ignoradas porque son perennes, en el sentido leibniziano del término.IntroduçãoEste estudo analisa uma tese de doutoramento alemã intitulada Über die Bildung des Arztes als Klinikers und als Staatsdieners (Sobre a Formação dos Médicos como Clínicos e Funcionários Públicos), defendida por Philipp Joseph Horsch na Universidade de Würzburg em 1807, possivelmente a primeira tese doutoral do mundo no domínio da educação médica.O métodoO presente estudo é uma revisão historiográfica e bibliográfica de um documento académico, uma tese de doutoramento, recolhida na base de dados alemã LEVIVO. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo de caso documental.ResultadosO contexto académico e os seus agentes são facilmente inferíveis: a Universidade de Würzburg com o seu hospital clínico associado, o Julius Hospital (Juliusspital) e os seus professores de medicina. No início do século XIX, a Europa estava imersa nas devastadoras guerras napoleónicas.O texto aborda uma série de dilemas relacionados com as concepções básicas do ensino médico, estabelecidas como dicotomias a ultrapassar através da ênfase no ensino clínico. Estes dilemas incluem: o novo versus o velho, a teoria versus a prática, a medicina como arte versus como ciência, a medicina hospitalar versus a medicina ambulatória, e os médicos do Estado versus os médicos privados, que o autor não considera antagónicos, nem exclusivos, mas antes opções que podem ser integradas, sintetizadas, porque são basicamente complementares e resolúveis através de soluções híbridas.
É discutida a atenção alargada do autor aos médicos enquanto funcionário público. Para além disso, a tese apresenta uma série de recomendações pedagógicas.DiscussãoA tese oferece uma visão inovadora da educação médica para a sua época, contendo uma série de considerações que ainda hoje são relevantes. Ao longo da tese existem abundantes recomendações pedagógicas que não devem ser ignoradas porque são perenes, no sentido Leibniziano do termo.
 
Comparing performance and situation awareness in USAR unit tasks in a virtual and real environment
No full textA convenient way to test Urban Search And Rescue (USAR) robots would be in virtual environments (VEs). Evaluations in VEs are generally accepted as alternative for real scenarios. There are obvious differences between operation in a real and virtual environment. Nonetheless, the current experiment showed no significant differences in situation awareness (SA) and performance during several elementary tasks (e.g. slalom) between a virtual world and a previous experiment in reality (Mioch, Smets, & Neerincx, 2012). Only small dependencies between the unit tasks were found. The effect of individual differences (like gender, km driven per year, and gaming experience), were significant for certain elementary tasks. Testing robots in virtual environments could still be useful even if differences between VE and reality exist, since comparisons of different conditions in VE seems to have the same results as the same comparison in the field (Bishop & Rohrmann, 2003; Van Diggelen, Looije, Mioch, Neerincx, & Smets, 2012).Intelligent SystemsElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
The role of collective motion in examples of coarsening and self-assembly
No full textThe simplest prescription for building a patterned structure from its constituents is to add particles, one at a time, to an appropriate template. However, self-organizing molecular and colloidal systems in nature can evolve in much more hierarchical ways. Specifically, constituents (or clusters of constituents) may aggregate to form clusters (or clusters of clusters) that serve as building blocks for later stages of assembly. Here we evaluate the character and consequences of such collective motion in a set of prototypical assembly processes. We do so using computer simulations in which a system's capacity for hierarchical dynamics can be controlled systematically. By explicitly allowing or suppressing collective motion, we quantify its effects. We find that coarsening within a two dimensional attractive lattice gas (and an analogous off-lattice model in three dimensions) is naturally dominated by collective motion over a broad range of temperatures and densities. Under such circumstances, cluster mobility inhibits the development of uniform coexisting phases, especially when macroscopic segregation is strongly favored by thermodynamics. By contrast, the assembly of model viral capsids is not frustrated but is instead facilitated by collective moves, which promote the orderly binding of intermediates consisting of several monomers
Epistemic metadata in molecular modelling: Second-stage case-study report (12 claims)
No full textThis document reports on the outcomes from the second stage of our case study on epistemic metadata in molecular modelling. It builds on the outcomes from the first stage as summarized in the first-stage report, doi:10.5281/zenodo.7516532.
Metadata are data about data, and epistemic metadata are metadata that help establish the knowledge status of data. There are various kinds of epistemic metadata; here, we are most concerned with knowledge claims. Specifically, we considered six journal articles from 2020 within the domain of molecular modelling, describing and discussing two knowledge claims from each of the papers. The aim was to approach the subject from an angle as indicated by the following guiding questions:
What do the author(s) claim to know?
Why should we accept the result as knowledge? (epistemic grounding)
Is there any validation/verification being done in the paper itself?
To what extent do the author(s) claim that the result can be reproduced?Silvia Chiacchiera, Martin Horsch, and Ilian Todorov acknowledge DOME 4.0 and OntoCommons, EC H2020 grant agreements no. 953163 and 958371. Simon Stephan and Jadran Vrabec acknowledge WindHPC, BMBF grant ID 16ME0613. Björn Schembera acknowledges MaRDI, DFG project no. 460135501
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