481 research outputs found
wie sich in Kriegs- und Krisenzeiten die Waldbewirtschaftung veränderte ; Die deutsche Forstwirtschaft im Ersten Weltkrieg
No full textSoftcover, 327 S.: 38,00 €Softcover, 17x24Kann ein nachhaltiges Ressourcenmanagement auch in Zeiten der Krise aufrechterhalten werden? Diese hochaktuelle Frage wird in „Wald und Krieg“ am Beispiel der deutschen Forstwirtschaft im Ersten Weltkrieg beantwortet. Die bisherige Forschung nahm an, dass Kriege den Waldbestand erheblich gefährden. Welche Mechanismen dazu führten, blieb jedoch unklar. Für den Ersten Weltkrieg kann die Frage nun beantwortet werden: Der Wald hätte eine Übernutzung verkraften können, sie wurde auch angestrebt, aber die Durchführung war unter Kriegsbedingungen unmöglich. Es fehlten Arbeitskräfte und Transportfahrzeuge. Trotzdem erfuhr die Waldbewirtschaftung tiefgreifende Änderungen. Einige der damaligen Neuerungen, wie das Sammeln von Gerbrinde und Ölfrüchten wurden nach Kriegsende rasch wieder aufgegeben, andere, wie die Mechanisierung durch Motorsägen und Zugmaschinen, prägen die Waldarbeit bis heute. Dabei änderten sich die Handlungsmaximen der Akteure kaum. Dem kriegswirtschaftlichen Ziel der Steigerung des Holzanfalls setzten die Förster die Wahrung der Nachhaltigkeit entgegen. So gegensätzlich die Ziele, so kontrastierend das naturräumliche Ergebnis der ‚Kriegsforstwirtschaft‘: Kahlschläge in verkehrsgünstigen Waldlagen und unberührte Natur im Hinterland
Interdisciplinarity in 19th and Early 20th Century: Reflections on Ecosystem Services of Forest
No full textReflecting on forest functions links forestry and the society since the 19th century, thus demanding early forms of interdisciplinarity. In this essay we trace back the history of the research on forest functions to its very beginning. We present the most influential conceptualizations on this topic in the last 180 years. Including forestry science, political science, history, and economics, protagonists met this challenge by showing an interdisciplinary interest in their other works, too. Since the 19th century, many different terms have been used to describe the relationship between forestry and society, including ‘forest uses’, ‘forest effects’, ‘forest tasks’, and ‘meanings’. This did not only lead to a confusing use of terms but the protagonists did not build on, and connect with each other either. For that reason, a research tradition could not be established. The overview of the development of the different terms is followed by a suggestion to amalgamate the concepts: Today, a society’s demands to a forest should be named ‘tasks’ of a forest. If the forest is producing ‘natural effects’ that make it possible to satisfy these ‘tasks’, we should talk about ‘services’ that are delivered by the forest
Interdisciplinarity in 19th and Early 20th Century: Reflections on Ecosystem Services of Forest
No full textReflecting on forest functions links forestry and the society since the 19th century, thus demanding early forms of interdisciplinarity. In this essay we trace back the history of the research on forest functions to its very beginning. We present the most influential conceptualizations on this topic in the last 180 years. Including forestry science, political science, history, and economics, protagonists met this challenge by showing an interdisciplinary interest in their other works, too. Since the 19th century, many different terms have been used to describe the relationship between forestry and society, including ‘forest uses’, ‘forest effects’, ‘forest tasks’, and ‘meanings’. This did not only lead to a confusing use of terms but the protagonists did not build on, and connect with each other either. For that reason, a research tradition could not be established. The overview of the development of the different terms is followed by a suggestion to amalgamate the concepts: Today, a society’s demands to a forest should be named ‘tasks’ of a forest. If the forest is producing ‘natural effects’ that make it possible to satisfy these ‘tasks’, we should talk about ‘services’ that are delivered by the forest
Kulturlandschaft verstehen
No full textFür alle Regionen, die auf den Tourismus als ökonomisches Standbein setzen, ist ein marktfähiges Alleinstellungsmerkmal wichtig. Die Kulturlandschaft in ihrer jeweils besonderen Eigenart bietet hierfür ein endogenes Potenzial, das es zu erschließen, aber gleichermaßen auch zu schützen gilt. Doch viele kulturlandschaftliche Charakteristika und Besonderheiten eröffnen sich nicht unmittelbar, sondern müssen erst herausgearbeitet und „interpretiert“ werden. Darin liegt die grundlegende Herausforderung. Der vorliegende Band beinhaltet zum einen theoretische Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Thema Kulturlandschaftsforschung aus der Perspektive verschiedener wissenschaftlicher Fachrichtungen, zum anderen praxisbezogene Fallbeispiele, die aufzeigen, wie die Forschungsergebnisse einem Freizeitpublikum auf interessante Art und Weise vermittelt werden können. Denn die Kulturlandschaft ist beides – wissenschaftliches Forschungsobjekt und Vermittlungsraum im Kontext touristischer Freizeitgestaltung
Umweltgeschichte durch starke Disziplinen - Vom richtigen und falschen Einsatz der Interdisziplinarität
No full textUmweltgeschichte durch starke Disziplinen - Vom richtigen und falschen Einsatz der Interdisziplinarität
No full textThe legacy of Ruth Bader Ginsburg
No full textL’Autrice approfondisce il personaggio ed il ruolo di Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg secondo la prospettiva del diritto costituzionale nazionale.
Il saggio ripercorre la storia di Justice Ginsburg, occupandosi prima del suo contributo come avvocata e successivamente come giudice presso la Corte Suprema statunitense.
Attraverso l’analisi di alcune tra le sue opinions più importanti, sia di maggioranza che dissenzienti, il saggio offre un affresco del pensiero di Justice Ginsburg su alcune tematiche fondamentali sotto il profilo dei diritti e dei rapporti tra Giudice costituzionale e legislatore.
In particolare, l’A. si sofferma sulla concezione di eguaglianza promossa da Justice Ginsburg soprattutto, ma non solo, in relazione ai diritti delle donne e con riferimento al concetto di azione positiva; segue, poi, un approfondimento delle funzioni del dissent nel sistema istituzionale statunitense e un’analisi della nozione di giustizia come interpretata da Justice Ginsburg.
Il saggio si propone, quindi, di evidenziare l’eredità che Justice Ginsburg ha lasciato dietro di sè a livello globale.The Author investigates the figure and role of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg from a constitutional law perspective.
The paper deals with contribution of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg as a lawyer first and later as justice appointed to the United States Supreme Court.
By way of analysis touching upon some her most prominent majority and dissenting opinions, the A. hinges on several issues pertaining to the safeguard of fundamental rights and to the relationships between the legislator and the Constitutional Judge.
The Author then goes on by examining Justice Ginsburg’s concept of equality with respect to women’s rights and affirmative actions to then move on to an in depth focus on the role of the dissent in the US legal system and on Justice Ginsburg’s concept of justice.
At the outset, the Articles aims at highlighting the legacy of Ruth Bader Ginsburg on a global dimension
Biomechanical signals and the C-type natriuretic peptide counteract catabolic activities induced by IL-1? in chondrocyte/agarose constructs
No full textIntroduction: The present study examined the effect of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on the anabolic and catabolic activities in chondrocyte/agarose constructs subjected to dynamic compression. Methods: Constructs were cultured under free-swelling conditions or subjected to dynamic compression with low (0.1 to 100 pM) or high concentrations (1 to 1,000 nM) of CNP, interleukin-1? (IL-1?), and/or KT-5823 (inhibits cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase II (PKGII)). Anabolic and catabolic activities were assessed as follows: nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release, and [3H]-thymidine and 35SO4 incorporation were quantified by using biochemical assays. Gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), aggrecan, and collagen type II were assessed with real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Two-way ANOVA and the post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t tests were used to examine data. Results: CNP reduced NO and PGE2 release and partially restored [3H]-thymidine and 35SO4 incorporation in constructs cultured with IL-1?. The response was dependent on the concentration of CNP, such that 100 pM increased [3H]-thymidine incorporation (P < 0.001). This is in contrast to 35SO4 incorporation, which was enhanced with 100 or 1000 nM CNP in the presence and absence of IL-1? (P < 0.001). Stimulation by both dynamic compression and CNP and/or the PKGII inhibitor further reduced NO and PGE2 release and restored [3H]-thymidine and 35SO4 incorporation. In the presence and absence of IL-1?, the magnitude of stimulation for [3H]-thymidine and 35SO4 incorporation by dynamic compression was dependent on the concentration of CNP and the response was inhibited with the PKGII inhibitor. In addition, stimulation by CNP and/or dynamic compression reduced IL-1?-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression and restored aggrecan and collagen type II expression. The catabolic response was not further influenced with the PKGII inhibitor in IL-1?-treated constructs. Conclusions: Treatment with CNP and dynamic compression increased anabolic activities and blocked catabolic effects induced by IL-1?. The anabolic response was PKGII mediated and raises important questions about the molecular mechanisms of CNP with mechanical signals in cartilage. Therapeutic agents like CNP could be administered in conjunction with controlled exercise therapy to slow the OA disease progression and to repair damaged cartilage. The findings from this research provide the potential for developing novel agents to slow the pathophysiologic mechanisms and to treat OA in the young and old. <br/
Sounds Local, 1997 May 10
No full textInterview with author Ellyn Bache on her new novel, The Activist's Daughter, about young people in the 1960s; Ken Bader interviews operatic soprano singer Jayne West on performing opera vs. cabaret music; Romy and Michele's High School Reunion (film) review by WHQR's film commentator, Steve Taylor; Overview of upcoming events on the cultural calendar
- …
