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Felix Almaraz, Author and Teacher, "The Tragic Calvalier."(photograph)
No full textPhotograph of Felix Almaraz, Author and Teacher, "The Tragic Calvalier."
Uma reflexão sobre a obscura diferença entre adaptação e tradução, de Mombe Michael Ngongeh e Felix Awung
No full textThis paper examines the various definitions and types of adaptation, discussing some reasons why adaptation is carried out. It further looks at the techniques of adaptation and adaptation itself as a technique of translation. In the area of drawing a demarcation line between adaptation and translation, many critics have not made the difference clear. This constitutes a problem both in translation and adaptation studies. This paper attempts to make this distinction clearer by using concrete examples for illustration.Este artigo de Mombe Michael Ngongeh e Felix Awung examina várias definições e tipos de adaptação, abordando algumas razões pelas quais a adaptação é realizada. Discute, ainda, quais são as técnicas de adaptação e a própria adaptação enquanto técnica de tradução. Na demarcação dos limites entre adaptação e tradução, muitos críticos não estabeleceram uma diferença clara. Isso constitui um problema tanto para os Estudos da Tradução quanto para os Estudos da Adaptação. Este artigo objetiva tornar mais clara essa distinção através da utilização de exemplos concretos a título de ilustração.
 
Parents’ assets and child marriage: are mother’s assets more protective than father’s assets?
No full textChild marriage places girls at an increased risk for dropping out of school early, sexually transmitted infections, teenage childbirth, and accompanying childbirth complications, including maternal mortality. The determinants of child marriage are not clearly understood, which hinders efforts to mount effective interventions. This study examined the link between economic resources and child marriage by investigating whether maternal and paternal asset ownership were longitudinally associated with daughters’ child marriage in Ethiopia. Drawing upon household bargaining theory, it was hypothesized that maternal assets would be more protective of daughters’ child marriage than paternal assets. Data for 4,293 girls from the nationally representative Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey, fielded in 2011 and 2014, were employed. Logistic regression and instrumental variable analyses were used to examine the relationship between transition into child marriage during the study period and maternal and paternal assets, controlling for child-, family-, and community-level characteristics. Results show that a one standard deviation increase in mother’s assets was associated with 37–53% lower odds of daughter’s child marriage whereas a one standard deviation increase in paternal asset holdings was associated with 0–37% higher odds of daughter’s child marriage. Effects were strongest in regions where the dominant mode of marriage payments is bride price. These results suggest that the link between economic resources and child marriage depends on the gender of the parent who owns the resources. This study also highlights the interconnectedness of two targets of the gender equality Sustainable Development Goal—improvement of women’s ownership of assets and the elimination of child marriage—and suggests that the realization of one gender equality target could have implications for other targets.Peer reviewe
Disability among children of immigrants from India and China: is there excess disability among girls?
No full textWe investigate whether there is excess morbidity among daughters of Indian or Chinese immigrants in the US by studying the prevalence of disability among children. We use data from the 2012–14 American Community Surveys on approximately 20,000 US-born children of Indian and Chinese immigrants. Children of US natives are used as a comparison group to account for innate differences in disability between the sexes. Results indicate that there is excess disability among daughters compared with sons among children of Chinese immigrants and children of immigrants from northern or western Indian states; this excess disability declines with younger age at arrival or longer exposure to the host country. Analysis using children of Filipino immigrants as an alternative comparison group yields similar excess disability rates for females.Peer reviewe
Effect of Food Subsidies on Micronutrient Consumption
No full textIn this article, we study the effect of an exogenous increase in wheat and rice price subsidy to poor families resulting from a targeted food price subsidy program in India called the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) on micronutrient intake in low-income families. Descriptive results show that wheat and rice have one of the lowest micronutrient density scores, suggesting that these are poor suppliers of micronutrients. Empirical analysis suggests that the increase in subsidy amount of Rs. 15-18 resulting from the TPDS expansion lowered calcium intake by 12-14 percent and had negligible to small (often negative) effects on the consumption of most micronutrients.Peer reviewe
Sex composition of children and spousal sexual violence in sub-Saharan Africa
No full textObjective
In societies with a cultural preference for sons over daughters, women who do not bear sons may be at increased risk for spousal violence. This study examined whether women with daughters only are at an elevated risk for spousal sexual violence compared to women with sons only in sub-Saharan Africa. The study tested the hypothesis that the association between sex composition of children and spousal sexual violence would be observed only in large families.
Methods
Data were from the most recent (as at February, 2016) Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 22 sub-Saharan African countries for 37,915 women. Odds ratios comparing experience of spousal sexual violence of women with sons only to those with daughters only were estimated, separately for women with three or fewer children and those with four or more children, controlling for age, age at first cohabitation, age at first birth, educational attainment, urban residence, and household wealth.
Results
Having daughters only was associated with a greater likelihood of spousal sexual violence among women with many children (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.02–2.30) but not among those with few children (AOR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.82–1.04).
Conclusions for practice
A higher risk of sexual violence for women without sons suggests that son preference may have implications on women’s health and wellbeing. Efforts to further understand and address increased risk of sexual violence for women without sons should consider son preference and intra-couple conflict concerning fertility intentions.Peer reviewe
Culture, labor supply, and fertility across immigrant generations in the United States
No full textRecent immigration to the United States and other developed nations has increasingly been from countries that have relatively traditional gender norms. This study uses data from the Current Population Survey for 2000–14 to investigate how source-country gender norms influence the labor supply and fertility of married women across immigrant generations in the US. It finds that immigrants’ and descendants’ labor supply and fertility are associated with the female-to-male labor force participation ratio and total fertility rate in the source country; importantly, the association declines across successive generations. Husbands’ source-country characteristics are also associated with the labor supply and fertility of immigrant women. These findings indicate evolution and assimilation of traditional gender norms in the long run.Peer reviewe
Investigating the sustainability strategies of independent online media start-ups in Harare, Zimbabwe
No full textSubmitted in fulfilment of the requirement of the Degree of Master of Journalism, Durban University of Technology, 2021.Globally, the online media startups industry has been increasing in terms of size and
reach. This growth has been attributed to various factors, chief amongst them being
the advances in technology. In Zimbabwe, the rapid establishment of online media
startups seems to be driven by other factors almost unique to this southern African
country with one of the continent's tightly controlled media. Since the attainment of
independence from colonial rule in 1980, Zimbabwe only has one state-owned
television station and a handful of radio stations, most of which are also controlled by
the state directly or indirectly. The lack of alternative media platforms has arguably
created a void that these mushrooming online media startups are now occupying.
However, due to Zimbabwe's harsh socio-economic and political conditions, most
media startups find it difficult to survive. To this end, this research aimed to investigate
the sustainability strategies of independent online media startups in Harare, the capital
city of Zimbabwe. The Individual Innovativeness, a metatheory of the Diffusion of
Innovations theory, was applied to understand the impact of innovation on the
sustainability of media startups. An interpretative paradigm anchored by a qualitative
methodology was adopted, and data were collected from four online media startups
and 11 participants through semi-structured interviews. Amongst other philosophical
positions, the study highlights that the conditions in Zimbabwe are ripe for online media
startups to thrive. The study findings show that sustainability can be achieved through
a multivariable strategy that involves creating multiple revenue streams, innovating
and adopting innovations early, cost-cutting measures, and having the inert passion
for running or being a part of a digital media startup.Canon Collins Trust
Perceptions of educators on the implementation of mother-tongue education in South Africa : a case study of selected schools in the UThungulu District of KwaZulu-Natal
No full textSubmitted in fulfillment of the requirement of the Degree of Master of Language Practice, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2021.The South African Constitution guarantees learners the right to receive education in
the language of their choice. However, little has been done to realise the idea of
mother-tongue education for all South Africans. More than 25 years after the end of
apartheid, mother-tongue education in indigenous languages has only been
implemented in the first three grades of schooling in certain schools. The number of
English first-language speakers is only the fourth highest of all the language groups in
South Africa. This means that majority of children in the country are taught in a
language that is not their mother tongue. While research has been done on mothertongue education and its challenges, less focus has been put on the educators’
perceptions on mother-tongue education and this is a problem as educators are both
the product and agents of this education system; their input is vital in making this a
reality. It is in this regard that this study aimed to investigate the educators’ perception
on mother-tongue education. The researcher used a qualitative approach which
studies human experience from general as well as individual perspectives, adopted a
multiple-case study research design and collected data using questionnaires. Data
was collected from 30 educators in five schools of KwaZulu-Natal. This study will
certainly contribute to a broader understanding of the role that educators can play in
making mother-tongue education a success in South Africa.
This study demonstrated that educators believed that the current mother-tongue
education policy had learning benefits for learners in the UThungulu District. The study
also found that the implementation of mother tongue instruction in UThungulu District
was fraught with challenges such as ill-adapted terminology for mother tongue
teaching, negative attitudes from the community, lack of training for teaching in the
mother tongue and lack of resources. While teachers acknowledged the benefits of
the policy, they also seemed to believe that the policy is only good for introducing
learners to the education system and should not be continued into higher education.
They also expressed the need for this policy to be promoted and given more attention
so as to help educate the wider community about the benefits of mother-tongue
education. The study is significant in shedding light on the role that educators as agents of the system can play in bringing about the successful implementation of
mother-tongue education in South Africa.
The genome and proteome of a virulent Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteriophage closely resembling Salmonella phage Felix O1
No full textBased upon whole genome and proteome analysis, Escherichia coli O157:H7-specific bacteriophage (phage) wV8 belongs to the new myoviral genus, "the Felix O1-like viruses" along with Salmonella phage Felix O1 and Erwinia amylovora phage φEa21-4. The genome characteristics of phage wV8 (size 88.49 kb, mol%G+C 38.9, 138 ORFs, 23 tRNAs) are very similar to those of phage Felix O1 (86.16 kb, 39.0 mol%G+C, 131 ORFs and 22 tRNAs) and, indeed most of the proteins have their closest homologs within Felix O1. Approximately one-half of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 mutants resistant to phage wV8 still serotype as O157:H7 indicating that this phage may recognize, like coliphage T4, two different surface receptors: lipopolysaccharide and, perhaps, an outer membrane protein
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