1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Effects of urbanization on avian diversity and human-nature interactions in tropical environments
No full textUrbanization is a rapidly expanding global phenomenon that poses significant threats to biodiversity. Despite its importance, the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity in certain regions remain understudied. Recent studies have highlighted the need for more research on the topic, particularly in Africa, where unprecedented urbanization overlaps with vast biodiversity. Thus, this thesis investigated the impacts of urbanization on socioecological systems in the Afrotropics, providing data useful in achieving sustainable urban development in line with SDG Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) in the region.
This thesis began with a comprehensive systematic literature review to assess the current state of urban ecology in Africa (Chapter 1). The review revealed a striking knowledge gap, with only 795 relevant papers published in the last century (1920—2020), much less than those from other continents. Notably, a disproportionate number of these studies (40%) were conducted in South Africa, indicating a significant geographical bias in our current knowledge on the topic. This review found that research efforts are driven by economic wealth (GDP) and the importance of conservation in African urban ecology. However, the review also exposed a surprising oversight: the Afrotropics, which is the most urbanized and biodiverse-rich African region, is not a primary focus of study. Furthermore, most urban ecology studies in Africa were conducted in a single city (55%), with substantial knowledge gaps persisting across taxonomic groups, scientific fields, and ecoregions. To partially address these important gaps, this thesis focused on investigating different research questions in multiple cities in Nigeria (Chapters 2—5), a typical Afrotropical country experiencing rapid urbanization. These additional chapters investigated the impacts of urbanization on bird taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity (Chapters 2—3), avian-mediated regulating ecosystem services, including pest control, seed dispersal, pollination, and scavenging (Chapter 4), and human-nature interactions (Chapter 5).
The results of these studies unequivocally demonstrated that urbanization has profound negative impacts on bird diversity and ecosystem services in the Afrotropics. Compared to non-urban areas, urban areas exhibited significantly lower bird taxonomic diversity (Chapter 2) and reduced provisioning of essential ecosystem services provided by wildlife, including pest control, seed dispersal and pollination (Chapter 4). Scavenging was the only bird-mediated ecosystem service enhanced by urban development (wet season). Furthermore, certain urban attributes, such as the presence of vehicles and pedestrians, were found to compromise bird phylogenetic divergence and ecosystem service provision, particularly pollination and seed dispersal. However, the results also highlight the potential for targeted conservation efforts to mitigate these negative impacts. Notably, the presence of water bodies and specific vegetation types, such as canopy and bush cover, can significantly enhance multiple components of bird diversity and crucial bird-mediated regulating ecosystem services (Chapters 2 and 4). By preserving and restoring these key habitat features, it may be possible to reverse the decline of bird diversity and the associated regulating ecosystem services in Afrotropical cities, particularly seed dispersal and pollination.
Chapter 3 presents a novel application of machine learning and remote sensing techniques in estimating local habitat variables influencing bird diversity components across urban and non-urban areas. This study revealed that the Modified Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index (MCARI) is the most effective indicator of taxonomic and phylogenetic bird diversity in the Afrotropics. In contrast, the Normalized Difference Water Index 2 (NDWI2) and Soil Adjusted Total Vegetation Index (SATVI) were found to be the best predictors of functional diversity and phylogenetic divergence, respectively. Interestingly, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a commonly used predictor across regions and topics, ranked relatively low (25th percentile) in most cases. These results recommended the use of these alternative predictors (MCARI, NDWI2 and SATVI) rather than the NDVI in predicting bird biodiversity in urban and non-urban areas of the Afrotropics. This is likely due to NDVI's limitations, including scaling issues, saturation in high-biomass areas, and sensitivity to soil brightness, which can compromise its accuracy in diverse Afrotropical environments. The remote sensing approach employed in this study offers a potentially more efficient and cost-effective method for estimating local habitat variables compared to traditional manual estimation techniques. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and remotely sensed data, this approach can help reduce the labor, expense, and investigator error associated with manual data collection.
In addition to the ecological impacts, urbanization also has significant social implications. By investigating the extinction of experience concept among urban dwellers in Nigeria, Chapter 5 found that most citizens had little or no contact with nature. The main reasons cited for this disconnection were lack of time, money, and nearby natural areas. The study also found that respondents with higher nature contact were more connected to nature, and that the perception of neighborhood safety was an important factor promoting nature contact. Furthermore, the study also found that respondents living in Lagos, and those with lower levels of income and education, showed greater dissociation from nature. These findings could be useful to fight against the worrying extinction of experience in the region, providing potential factors to consider and implement in future urban development plans in the Afrotropics.
Overall, the Chapters of this thesis highlight the need for more research on the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity and ecosystem services in the Afrotropics. They also emphasize the importance of promoting nature contact and experience among urban dwellers, particularly in regions with rapid urbanization such as the study area (i.e. Nigeria). By addressing these knowledge gaps and promoting nature experience, we can work towards creating more sustainable and resilient urban ecosystems that will benefit both people and the environment
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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