187 research outputs found
Inactive alleles of cytochrome P450 2C19 may be positively selected in human evolution
Full text link© 2014 Janha et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain
Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article,
unless otherwise stated
Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
No full textThis body of work incorporates nine chapters, of which eight of the chapters are mandatory for the
accomplishment of the two years residency, but the last chapter is considered as additional content
that has been done in our residency. These are; outbreak investigation, surveillance data analysis,
surveillance system evaluation, health profile description report, manuscripts for peer reviewed
journal, Abstracts submitted for scientific presentation, narrative summary of disaster situation
visited, protocol/proposal for epidemiologic research project and other additional outputs are
included in this body of work.
In the first chapter all outbreak investigations which we conducted are included. These are measles
outbreak investigation and associated factors in Basso Liben district, Amhara region, 2017;
Influenza like illness outbreak investigation and associated factors in Tehulederie district, Amhara
region, 2016 and acute watery diarrhea in outbreak investigation in Andasa holly water, Amhara,
2016.
The second chapter in this body of work includes on visceral leishmaniasis data analysis in West
Armachiho district, Amhara region from 2009-2015.
Third chapter includes surveillance system evaluation on malaria and dysentery in Awi zone and
selected districts in this zone such as Fagta Lekoma district, Ankasha district and Dangla Zuria
district Amhara region in 2016.
In chapter four health profile description reports are included. We conducted health profile
decryption report of West Armachiho district which has been experienced in 2015.
Chapter five includes Manuscripts submitted for peer reviewed journals. In this we included
Measles outbreak investigation and associated factors in Basso Liben district, Amhara region in
2017 and Visceral leishmaniasis data analysis in West Armachiho district, Amhara region from
2009- 2015.
In chapter six a total of three abstracts submitted and presented in scientific conferences are
included. These are seven years of visceral leishmaniasis data analysis in West Armachiho district,
2016 and measles outbreak investigation and associated factors in Basso Liben district, Amhara
region in 2017.Chapter seven incorporates narrative summary of disaster situation visited. We conducted narrative
summary disaster visited in South Gonder and North Gonder, Amhara region in 2016.
Chapter eight includes protocol/proposal for epidemiologic research project. We developed
proposal for epidemiologic research on magnitude and associated factors for visceral leishmaniasis
and HIV co-infection admitted at hospital in Amhara region 2015.
Chapter nine which is the last part of this body of work includes other additional outputs. In this
chapter we included all activities which had been done on integrated supportive supervision during
acute watery diarrhea in West Armachiho district and trainings given for health professionals in
different location of zones and districts in Amhara region
EXPLORE THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL LITERACY FOR LIFELONG LEARNING
Full text linkThe role of digital and media literacy in 21st century education is an unquestionable one. The major trends sweeping the world today starting with the exponential growth of information and communication technologies have transformed industrial societies into knowledge societies, which, in turn have led to visible shifts in the educational paradigms and the need for cultivating newer skills and competencies. These skills are manifold and essentially call for critical comprehension and constructive production in scenarios where information is vast and our capacity for attention, limited. These are also key competencies that seek to energize our voices, enhance our choices, and safeguard us from the concomitant risks of digital security violation and intemperate media brainwashing. The components of Critical, Creative, and Collaborative Inquiry bear a consistent relationship with the Digital and Media Literacy repertoire, and embed themselves readily into the consumption, comprehension and production of various forms of mediated communication. Information literacy is regarded as the basis for learning in our contemporary environment of rapid and sophisticated technological change. As information and communication technologies develop rapidly, and the information environment becomes increasingly complex, educators are recognizing the needs for learners to engage with the information environment as part of their formal learning processes. The achievement of lifelong learning and making citizens become information literate is the target of many nations as far as millennium development goals and vision 2015 are concerned. This paper presents a literature review on information literacy and lifelong learning pointing out the relationship between the two and their benefits, and finally, Information Literacy is capable of serving as the catalyst for effective lifelong learning of people all over the world. For success in all initiatives towards Lifelong Learning, Information Literacy Instruction is the key.Â
Genotype-by-environment interaction and grain yield stability of bread wheat
Full text linkThe objective of this paper is to identify stable and high yielding varieties among 20 Ethiopian Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes on the basis of experiments conducted during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (ammi) model has been used to estimate G×E interaction and also to identify stable genotypes in environments. Combined anova of G×E indicated the presence of significant interactions, as well as significant differences between genotypes and environments. According to AMMI, model genotypes G11, G10, G5 and G12 are found stable. In graphical display of the biplot, Adet is categorized under high yielding wheat environment as compared to the three relatively low yielding categorized environments (Holeta, Kulumsa and Sinana)
Genotype-by-environment interaction and grain yield stability of bread wheat
No full textThe objective of this paper is to identify stable and high yielding varieties among 20 Ethiopian Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes on the basis of experiments conducted during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (ammi) model has been used to estimate G×E interaction and also to identify stable genotypes in environments. Combined anova of G×E indicated the presence of significant interactions, as well as significant differences between genotypes and environments. According to AMMI, model genotypes G11, G10, G5 and G12 are found stable. In graphical display of the biplot, Adet is categorized under high yielding wheat environment as compared to the three relatively low yielding categorized environments (Holeta, Kulumsa and Sinana)
Recognizing and Interpreting Temporal Expressions in Open Domain Texts
No full textSince the early 1990s, when the third author was a visiting PhD student at Imperial College, he and Dov Gabbay have had many interactions. Usually over the phone, they talked about science, publishing and other initiatives, and invariably their conversations ended on a strategic note. Dov and the third author of this paper share a fundamental vision on the status and future of logic. To have a bright future, the discipline needs to be strongly embedded in external uses and needs. Much of the innovation in logic over the past decades has come from computer science, with new questions, new modeling needs, new reasoning mechanisms, etc. To continue to strive, we believe that logic should be embedded alongside its application areas, with feedback back and forth through measurable evaluations, either theoretical or experimental. It is clear that in many research institutes around the world this is actually how logic and computer science have come to interact. But we believe that logic can and should play a similar role vis-à-vis other scientific areas, both traditional and non-traditional, such as analytic philosophy, law, cognitive science, economics, information science, theology, language, and political theory. In more recent years, the interactions between Dov and the third author have become less frequent, mainly because Dov has been looking at one set of areas for inspiration and research questions (including law and philosophy), while the third author of this paper has turned to another, organized around information access. This paper deals with identifying, and assigning meaning to, temporal information. It touches on at least two of Dov’s longstanding interests, temporal logic and natural languages semantics. There is very little symbolic reasoning in this paper, and the semantics we pursue is shallow at best, but the paper does contribute to our understanding of how to process natural language texts if we are ever going to have systems that deal with the information contained in, for instance, news papers or web pages, in an intelligent way. 2 David Ahn, Sisay Fissaha Adafre, and Maarten de Rijke
Chemical Constituents of Datura stramonium L. Leaves and Its Antibacterial Activity against Human Pathogenic Bacteria
Full text linkThe study of natural products has had a number of rewards. It has led to the discovery of a variety of useful drugs for the treatment of diverse ailments. The present study was phytochemical screening of the major secondary metabolites and evaluating their antibacterial activities of the crude extracts of Datura stramonium L. leaves. Extraction was done successively by maceration of leaf powder using petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol as solvents. Phytochemical screening was performed by various qualitative and quantitative methods. Antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts were determined by Agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella boydii, Streptococcus agalactiae and Klebsiella pneumonia. The result of phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, steroid, tannin and terpenoids and absence of quinones. Quantitative analysis of some of the detected phytochemicals showed saponins (44.61 mg/g) and alkaloids (39.10 mg/g) were dominant compounds followed by flavonoids (34.71 mg/g) and terpenoids (32.34 mg/g). Results of antibacterial assay revealed that extracts of the plant leaves showed inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial pathogens. Maximum inhibition was recorded against Streptococcus agalactiae (20.15±0.28 mm) and minimum inhibition against S. aureus (7.35±0.14 mm). Based on this results it is concluded that leaf extracts of the tested plant have the major secondary metabolites and antibacterial activities against the tested bacterial isolates
In vitro antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities of polar leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina
No full textAbstract Background Plants are able to deliver a huge number of differing bioactive compounds which may supplement the requirements of the human body by acting as natural antioxidants. Antioxidants are mindful for the defense component of the life form against the pathologies related to the assault of free radicals. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the qualitative phytochemical composition of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract and its antioxidant activity. Method The powdered plant sample was successively extracted with aqueous, methanol and ethanol solvents using Soxhlet apparatus. The antioxidant activities of the crude leaf extract were determined using 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical, phosphomolybdate (PM) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay. All the examinations were drained triplicates and average values of each test were taken. Results Phytochemical investigation of the plant revealed that the three solvent extracts contained numerous bioactive compounds namely alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides and sugars. The result showed that, the leaf extracts of V. amygdalina obtained from methanol extract exhibit the maximum antioxidant activity compared ethanol and aqueous extracts. The IC50 values of DPPH assay for the H2O, MeOH and EtOH extracts were 111.4, 94.92 and 94.83 μg/ml; of ABTS assay were 334.3, 179.8 and 256.9 μg/ml; of H2O2 assay were 141.6, 156 and 180.6 μg/ml, respectively. The maximum radical scavenging activity was obtained in DPPH assay while the lowest scavenging activity was obtained in ABTS assay method. The data obtained in the in vitro models clearly suggest that methanol extract has higher antioxidant activity due to a higher presence of phenolic constituents in the extract. Conclusion This study revealed that V. amygdalina leaf has a noteworthy antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity mitigating the traditional use of the plant for different aliments
Exploring the Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Ajuga integrifolia Leaves Extract: In Vitro Dual Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes
No full textThis study investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of Ajuga integrifolia, an herbal preparation. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were conducted to identify active compounds in the preparation. The researchers also assessed its ability to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes, cyclooxygenases (COX-1, COX-2), and lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in vitro. The extracts demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of these enzymes, with some extracts showing IC50 values comparable to standard anti-inflammatory drugs. The ethanol extract exhibited significant inhibition of 5-LOX (52.99 μg/mL), compared to the standard drug zileuton (32.41 μg/mL), while the inhibition of COX-1 (66.00 μg/mL) and COX-2 (71.62 μg/mL) was comparable to the standard drug indomethacin (40.57 and 54.39 μg/mL, respectively). These findings suggest that A. integrifolia has the potential to be used as a herbal remedy for treating inflammatory conditions. By inhibiting pro-inflammatory enzymes, the extracts may effectively reduce inflammation and promote tissue healing or repair. The inhibition potential of extract of this plant can be taken as a good candidate of anti-inflammatory agent
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