774 research outputs found
Development and Social Diffusion of Technological Innovation
No full text This paper examines the development and social diffusion of technological innovation for national emergency management. Innovations have been developed in the interactive processes among technology, market and social context. On the basis of two case studies of innovations for disaster management, this paper investigates innovation processes within social contexts and the role of innovation actors such as government, private sector and citizens in the development and diffusion of the innovations. Through these cases its shown how innovations in emergency/disaster management could be developed under social contexts utilising ‘open innovation’ frameworks popular in private sector. The cases also show how end-users can participate in the innovation processes in public sector. Finally, the paper suggests implications to accelerate and increase innovations for social welfare and social change. </jats:p
Factorization of isometries of hyperbolic 4-space and a discreteness condition:
No full textGilman's NSDC condition is a sufficient condition for the discreteness of a two generator subgroup of PSL(2,C). We address the question of the extension of this condition to subgroups of isometries of hyperbolic 4-space. While making this new construction, namely the NSDS condition, we are led to ask whether every orientation preserving isometry of hyperbolic 4-space can be factored into the product of two half-turns. We use some techniques developed by Wilker to first, define a half-turn suitably in dimension 4 and then answer the former question. It turns out that defining a half-turn in this way in any dimension n enables us to generalize some of Gilman's theorems to dimension greater than or equal to 4. We also give an exposition on part of Wilker's work and give new proofs for some of his results.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53)by Karan Mohan Pur
Bibliographics for the 983 eprints in the live archives of E-LIS : trends and status report up to 7th July 2004, based on author-self-archiving metadata
No full textThe priority for ideas and philosophy related to "Network Theory" have been traced back and documented by Braun(2004),and credit goes to Karinthy(1929).The IT has empowered to realise it, as the most practical phenomena and it is no more a humour. The OAI (Open Archives Initiatives)and ACIS (Academic Contributor Information System)are progressive in the direction ,which may lead to realise the "Collective Genius" at global level. Focus of present study is on Author-Self-Archiving (A-S-A)Metadata of the 983 Eprints in the Live Archives of the E-LIS (EPrints of Library and Information Science),which were approved till 7th July 2004.The A-S-A Metadata was used for librametric analysis. Self-explanatory bibliographics are illustrated.The highlights include: Conference papers (34%); highest approval, June 2004 (28%); published archives (76%);not refereed (52%); not in public domain (60%); highest self-archiving-author (De Robbio, Antonella).The Nos. of EPrints having single JITA domain specifications were: Theoretical and general aspects of libraries and information(27); Information use and sociology of information(80);Users,literacy and reading(13);Libraries as physical collections(30);Publishing and legal issues(57);Management(13);Industry, profession and education(36);Information sources, supports, channels(113) ; Information treatment for information services, Information functions and techniques (101); Technical services libraries, archives and museums(25); Housing technologies(1); Information technology and library technology(92); and Inter-domainery (395) i.e. having specifications of two or more than two JITA classes
Designing a successful library school field experience
No full textTo share the library school field experience paradigm that the authors developed after their successful participation as a supervisor and student.
Design/methodology/approach – A review of field experience literature is provided. The field experience paradigms and perspectives pertaining to the supervisor and the student are explained. The paradigm is suggested as a model for field experience participants and their supervisors.
Findings – The field experience paradigm for the supervisors elucidates the stages – planning, training, mentoring and evaluation. The paradigm for students explains the phases – awareness, interests, planning and participation.
Research limitations/implications – The focus of the field experience, from which the paradigm emanated, was to train and prepare the student for agricultural librarianship in an academic library. The application of the paradigm may vary for different situations.
Practical implications – The paradigm is expected to be useful for supervisors and students of field experience programs.
Originality/value – This paradigm stems from the participation of the authors as a field experience supervisor and student. The steps and methods the authors followed will help advance future field experience programs
Rethinking web platform extensibility
No full textThe modern Web platform provides an extensible architecture that lets third party extensions, often untrusted, enhance and customize the Web browser and the Web applications. While the prevalence of extensions for both browsers and applications has been instrumental in making the Web browser hugely successful, there are two critical issues that the designers of the modern Web platform have not yet tackled in a principled manner. First, both the third party extensions and the extensible components of the Web platform include numerous vulnerabilities, which can compromise the security and privacy of end users. Second, the black-box and opaque nature of the Web platform limits the extent of extensibility achievable for Web developers, thereby hampering the development of novel browser-based user applications. This dissertation develops new tools and techniques to address the problem of insecure extensibility in the Web platform, proposes novel language and system level solutions to make extensibility a first class primitive for developing Web software, and demonstrates that these methods are applicable to real-world Web applications and Web browser extensions. Specifically, this dissertation makes the following three contributions. First, it studies and characterizes the problem of insecure JavaScript-based Web browser extensions using a specialized program analysis system, Sabre, which leverages JavaScript-level information flow mechanism to detect violations in client’s confidentiality and integrity arising from execution of untrusted extensions. Second, it formalizes the concept of transactions for JavaScript and implements Transcript, a language runtime system that allows hosting principals, i.e., Web browser and Web applications, to isolate untrusted JavaScript-based extensions using speculative execution. Lastly, this dissertation presents the design and implementation of Atlantis, a novel, extensible browser architecture that allows Web applications to define their own runtime environment and become more secure and robust. Atlantis enables developers with primitives to manage the Web application’s security and privacy, and removes their dependence on opaque, legacy Web interfaces.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Mohan Dhawa
INSPEC database analysis for Knowledge Management records
No full textThe study deals with the Knowledge Management papers covered in the INSPEC, an international database on Information Science, Physical Sciences, Engineering and Computer Sciences. The papers have been analysed in terms of their content and other scientometric parameters
Physically interpretable machine learning methods for transcription factor binding site identification using principled energy thresholds and occupancy:
No full textRegulation of gene expression is pivotal to cell behavior. It is achieved predominantly by transcription factor proteins binding to specific DNA sequences (sites) in gene promoters. Identification of these short, degenerate sites is therefore an important problem in biology. The major drawbacks of the probabilistic machine learning methods in vogue are the use of arbitrary thresholds and the lack of biophysical interpretations of statistical quantities. We have developed two machine learning methods and linked them to the biophysics of transcription factor binding by incorporating simple physical interactions. These methods estimate site binding energy, recognizing that it determines a site's function and evolutionary fitness. They use the occupancy probability of a transcription factor on a DNA sequence as the discriminant function because it has a straightforward physical interpretation, forms a bridge between binding energy and evolutionary fitness, and has a natural threshold for classifying sequences into sites that allows establishing the threshold in a principled manner. Our methods incorporate additional characteristics of sites to enhance their identification. The first method, based on a hidden Markov model (HMM), identifies self-overlapping sites by combining the effects of their alternative binding modes. It learns the threshold by training emission probabilities using unaligned sequences containing known sites and estimating transition probabilities to reflect site density in all promoters in a genome. While identifying sites, it adjusts parameters to model site density changing with the distance from the transcription start site. Moreover, it provides guidance for designing padding sequences in experiments involving self-overlapping sites. Our second method, the Phylogeny-based Quadratic Programming Method of Energy Matrix Estimation (PhyloQPMEME), integrates evolutionary conservation to reduce false positives while identifying sites. It learns the threshold by solving an iterative quadratic programming problem to optimize the distribution of correlated binding energies of neutrally evolving orthologous sequences while restricting the values of binding energies of known sites and their orthologs. We have used the NF-κB transcription factor family as a case study for both methods and gained new insights into its biology.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-226)by Amar Mohan Drawi
Aspects of inter-organisational networks for developing firm competencies - Preliminary evidence from Malaysia
No full textThis paper presents the results of a preliminary study on an inter-organisational network and the development of organisational competencies among a 'flagship cluster' of organisations. The case study involves a consortium of organisations working on a Government Multi Purpose Card (GMPC) project, one of the various Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) initiatives proposed under the seven flagship applications deployed by the Malaysian Government. The approach has been qualitative and exploratory with data collected via interviews with project partners. While the outcome supports various findings from previous literature on inter-organisational learning networks, further research is needed to test the findings as they result from a single case study. The findings show the benefits to organisations that partake in inter-organisational networks. The benefits are in terms of the different competencies that organisations in emerging economies can gain from their local and foreign partners in the network. This paper puts forward an approach in understanding inter-organisational learning networks from a qualitative and non-experimental perspective, of which only a small of researchers have attempted to do
Unveiling dimensions of organizational culture: an exploratory study in Malaysian R&D organizations
No full textPrevious literature indicated that research and development (R&D) activities are influenced, to a large extent, by the culture of the organization. While these studies have identified elements of culture that are conducive to R&D, identifying the existing dimensions of organizational culture in Malaysian R&D organizations has not been empirically explored. The measures for this study were originally developed for the sole purpose of capturing cultural aspects in R&D organizations in the Malaysian context. These measures were developed based on the relevant issues discovered from exploratory case studies and nine categories of cultural values identified from the literature. A sample of employees (n = 198) from 45 R&D organizations took part in this study. Factor analysis was adopted to uncover common underlying dimensions (factors) of the organizational culture construct. The findings suggest that the organizational culture construct in R&D organizations may best be represented through a structure of eight factors. The eight factors are teamwork and knowledge sharing, empowerment and recognition, conformity and impediments to R&D, risk-taking, customer orientation, autonomy, social networking, and organizational design. Despite some methodological issues that arose from this study, this model has the potential to become a management instrument to measure the underlying culture in R&D organizations. R&D managers can deploy this model to establish the baseline level of research culture in their respective units and thus provide the foundation for management initiatives to drive R&D activities. This model can also be used as benchmarking parameters when an R&D organization intends to evaluate various aspects of their organizational culture in relation to others that are considered to be leaders in the industry
Support System for Entrepreneurial and Small and Medium Ventures in ICT Sector: Case of the Technopreneurship Development Program (TDP) Flagship of Malaysia’s Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) Project
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