690 research outputs found
Lasing in Bose-Fermi mixtures
No full textA.K. acknowledges the support from the EPSRC Established Career Fellowship. V.K., M.D., V.F.S. and A.K. acknowledge support from the Russian Ministry of Science and Education, contract (contract No. 11.G34.31.0067). P.G.S. acknowledges support from Greek GSRT program Aristeia (grant No. 1978). C.S., M. A. J.F., M.K and S.H. acknowledge support from the state of Bavaria.Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, well-known for revolutionising photonic science, has been realised primarily in fermionic systems including widely applied diode lasers. The prerequisite for fermionic lasing is the inversion of electronic population, which governs the lasing threshold. More recently, bosonic lasers have also been developed based on Bose-Einstein condensates of exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. These electrically neutral bosons coexist with charged electrons and holes. In the presence of magnetic fields, the charged particles are bound to their cyclotron orbits, while the neutral exciton-polaritons move freely. We demonstrate how magnetic fields affect dramatically the phase diagram of mixed Bose-Fermi systems, switching between fermionic lasing, incoherent emission and bosonic lasing regimes in planar and pillar microcavities with optical and electrical pumping. We collected and analyzed the data taken on pillar and planar microcavity structures at continuous wave and pulsed optical excitation as well as injecting electrons and holes electronically. Our results evidence the transition from a Bose gas to a Fermi liquid mediated by magnetic fields and light-matter coupling.Peer reviewe
Correction: Gut-associated cGMP mediates colitis and dysbiosis in a mouse model of an activating mutation in GUCY2C
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Correction|October 06 2021
Correction: Gut-associated cGMP mediates colitis and dysbiosis in a mouse model of an activating mutation in GUCY2C
Vishwas Mishra, Avipsa Bose, Shashi Kiran, Sanghita Banerjee, Idrees A. Shah, Pooja Chaukimath, Mudasir M. Reshi, Swarna Srinivas, Anaxee Barman, Sandhya S. Visweswariah
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Author and Article Information
Vishwas Mishra
Avipsa Bose
Shashi Kiran
Sanghita Banerjee
Idrees A. Shah
Pooja Chaukimath
Mudasir M. Reshi
Swarna Srinivas
Anaxee Barman
Sandhya S. Visweswariah
Online ISSN: 1540-9538
Print ISSN: 0022-1007
© 2021 Mishra et al.
This article is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
J Exp Med (2021) 218 (11): e2021047909292021c.
https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.2021047909292021c
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Corrected article Gut-associated cGMP mediates colitis and dysbiosis in a mouse model of an activating mutation in GUCY2C
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Vol. 218, No. 11 | 10.1084/jem.20210479 | September 21, 2021
The authors regret that the legends to Fig. 3 (C, D, and I) and Fig. 4 (B, C, and E) did not originally specify that the values shown are adjusted P values. In addition, the colors used in the bar graph in Fig. 4 B were not correct nor defined. The corrected legends, with new text underlined, and corrected Fig. 4 are shown here.
The errors appear only in PDFs downloaded before September 27, 2021
Read Book [PDF] Back from the Dead: Inside the Subhas Bose Mystery Full-Acces
No full textRead Or Download Back from the Dead: Inside the Subhas Bose Mystery Full Books By by Anuj Dhar (Journalist (Author), Hindustan Times) (Author)
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Three-dimensional structure of quantized vortices in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates
No full textBose-Einstein condensates (BEC) are ideal superfluid systems to realize quantum turbulence (QT): vortex cores in BECs are larger than in superfluid Helium, making easier their observation. Recent experimental and numerical studies reported that vortex states in BEC can evolve towards a turbulent regime when an oscillatory excitation is applied. We discuss in this work how to accurately prepare initial states with vortices before running numerical simulations of QT based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The case of a dense Abrikosov lattice in a fast rotating BEC is presented. High resolution numerical simulations using parallel computing are used to accurately capture physically important features of the vortices (vortex radius, inter-vortex spacing, vortex density profile)
Elucidating the Role of Cyclic GMP in Diarrhoea and Intestinal Inflammation
No full textCyclic guanosine 3’,5’-monophosphate (cGMP) performs a wide range of functions in various cell types and tissues. The cellular levels of cGMP are maintained by the enzymatic conversion of guanosine 5’-triphosphate (GTP) to cGMP by guanylyl cyclases, which can also be membrane-associated receptors. Receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C; gene GUCY2C) is predominantly expressed on the apical surface of the intestinal epithelial cells. GC-C is activated by peptide hormones guanylin and uroguanylin and the heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) produced by enterotoxigenic E.coli that causes traveller’s diarrhoea.
Several disease-causing mutations in GUCY2C have been reported. Patients with gain-of-function mutations show diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several cases of paediatric IBD have also been associated with mutations in GUCY2C. This study addresses the physiological implications of increased cGMP using a transgenic mouse model harbouring the first-identified hyperactive mutation in human patients leading to familial GUCY2C diarrhoea syndrome (FGDS). Mice with hyperactive GC-C showed increased levels of cGMP in intestinal epithelial cells, which led to activation of Cftr and inhibition of Nhe3, resulting in diarrhoea-like symptoms and increased luminal pH and faecal sodium levels. Global transcriptome analysis of the distal colon revealed activation of the interferon signalling pathway, and transgenic mice showed greater susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis.
Histological analysis of the terminal ileum revealed a reduction in functional Paneth cells, goblet cells, and mucus barrier. The barrier integrity of the small intestine was compromised in these mice. Global transcriptome analysis of the terminal ileum revealed a Th1-type gene signature. Immune cell profiling across the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) showed reduced regulatory dendritic cells and an increased abundance of CD4+ Th cells. Increased levels of Stat1 were observed in the ileal epithelial cells of these mice, along with elevated expression of interferon-stimulated genes.
Small intestinal organoids were prepared from wild type and transgenic mice. The organoids from transgenic mice showed greater swelling in the presence of ST and uroguanylin due to increased fluid secretion into the lumen. Administration of cGMP increased Stat1 phosphorylation in the intestinal organoids. Our observations suggest that high cGMP levels have epithelial cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic roles in inducing intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, the administration of zinc inhibited the activity of GC-C and reduced diarrhoea and intestinal inflammation in the transgenic mice. Thus, the similarities observed in these transgenic mice with that of chronic diarrhoea and IBD patients indicate that they can be used as a pre-clinical model to understand the effects of chronically elevated cGMP on intestinal pathophysiology and for identifying novel therapeutic strategies for patients with hyperactivating mutations in GUCY2C
Bose–Einstein condensation in the Rindler space
No full textAbstractBased on the Unruh effect, we calculate the critical acceleration of the Bose–Einstein condensation in a free complex scalar field at finite density in the Rindler space. Our model corresponds to an ideal gas performing constantly accelerating motion in a Minkowski space–time at zero-temperature, where the gas is composed of the complex scalar particles and it can be thought to be in a thermal-bath with the Unruh temperature. In the accelerating frame, the model will be in the Bose–Einstein condensation state at low acceleration; on the other hand, there will be no condensation at high acceleration by the thermal excitation brought into by the Unruh effect. Our critical acceleration is the one at which the Bose–Einstein condensation begins to appear in the accelerating frame when we decrease the acceleration gradually. To carry out the calculation, we assume that the critical acceleration is much larger than the mass of the particle
Fermi-Bose supersymmetry (supergauge symmetry in four dimensions)
No full textThe author explains the ideas of Fermi-Bose supersymmetry and presents examples to show how the construction of realistic models may be attempted. (24 refs)
Chemisorption on binary alloys with long-range order
No full textPT: J; CR: BERK NF, 1975, SURF SCI, V48, P289 BOSE SM, 1981, PHYS REV B, V24, P1934 FOO EN, 1970, PHYS REV LETT, V25, P1748 HELLWEGE KH, 1981, LANDOLTBORNSTEIN N A, V13, P406 KALKSTEIN D, 1971, SURF SCI, V26, P85 MORANLOPEZ JL, 1975, J PHYS F MET PHYS, V5, P1277 MORANLOPEZ JL, 1976, SURF SCI, V57, P540 NEWNS DM, 1969, PHYS REV, V178, P1123 SOVEN P, 1967, PHYS REV, V156, P809 SULSTON KW, 1986, PHYS REV B, V33, P2263 UEBA H, 1979, J CHEM PHYS, V70, P1745 UEBA H, 1979, PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B, V92, P307 VANSANTEN RA, 1975, SURF SCI, V53, P35 VANSANTEN RA, 1977, SURF SCI, V63, P358; NR: 14; TC: 2; J9: PHYS REV B; PG: 4; GA: P4638Source type: Electronic(1
Modification of Loop 1 Affects the Nucleotide Binding Properties of Myo1c, the Adaptation Motor in the Inner Ear
No full textMyo1c is one of eight members of the mammalian myosin I family of actin-associated molecular motors. In stereocilia of the hair cells in the inner ear, Myo1c presumably serves as the adaptation motor, which regulates the opening and closing of transduction channels. Although there is conservation of sequence and structure among all myosins in the N-terminal motor domain, which contains the nucleotide- and actin-binding sites, some differences include the length and composition of surface loops, including loop 1, which lies near the nucleotide-binding domain. To investigate the role of loop 1, we expressed in insect cells mutants of a truncated form of Myo1c, Myo1c1IQ, as well as chimeras of Myo1c1IQ with the analogous loop from other myosins. We found that replacement of the charged residues in loop 1 with alanines or the whole loop with a series of alanines did not alter the ATPase activity, transient kinetics properties, or Ca2+ sensitivity of Myo1c1IQ. Substitution of loop 1 with that of the corresponding region from tonic smooth muscle myosin II (Myo1c1IQ-tonic) or replacement with a single glycine (Myo1c1IQ-G) accelerated the release of ADP from A.M 2?3-fold in Ca2+, whereas substitution with loop 1 from phasic muscle myosin II (Myo1c1IQ-phasic) accelerated the release of ADP 35-fold. Motility assays with chimeras containing a single ?-helix, or SAH, domain showed that Myo1cSAH-tonic translocated actin in vitro twice as fast as Myo1cSAH-WT and 3-fold faster than Myo1cSAH-G. The studies show that changes induced in Myo1c via modification of loop 1 showed no resemblance to the behavior of the loop donor myosins or to the changes previously observed with similar Myo1b chimeras
Light-induced atomic desorption in a compact system for ultracold atoms
No full textThis work was supported by the UK EPSRC grant GR/T08272/01 and the Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant RPG-2013-074. G.S. acknowledges support from a SUPA Advanced Fellowship.In recent years, light-induced atomic desorption (LIAD) of alkali atoms from the inner surface of a vacuum chamber has been employed in cold atom experiments for the purpose of modulating the alkali background vapour. This is beneficial because larger trapped atom samples can be loaded from vapour at higher pressure, after which the pressure is reduced to increase the lifetime of the sample. We present an analysis, based on the case of rubidium atoms adsorbed on pyrex, of various aspects of LIAD that are useful for this application. Firstly, we study the intensity dependence of LIAD by fitting the experimental data with a rate-equation model, from which we extract a correct prediction for the increase in trapped atom number. Following this, we quantify a figure of merit for the utility of LIAD in cold atom experiments and we show how it can be optimised for realistic experimental parameters.Peer reviewe
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