1,721,370 research outputs found
On Connected, Locally j-Connected, and ,(+)(−)+-Free Graphs
No full textAbstract
The following conjecture was posed by Jackson and Wormald [B. Jackson and N. C. Wormald, Australasian Journal of Combinatorics 2(1990), 135-146].
If ≥1,≥2 and a graph is connected, locally j-connected and 1,(+1)(−1)+2-free then it has a k-tree.
A counterexample for this conjecture was given by Aung Kyaw [Aung Kyaw, Australasian Journal of Combinatorics 19(1999), 259-260]. Here we present some extremal connected, locally j-connected, and 1,(+1)(−1)+2-free graphs which are not containing k-trees
Corporate Governance in Myanmar with Reference to Selected South-East Asian Countries (Aung Kyaw, 2016)
No full textThe literature sllrvey o1' thc stLrcly shou,s that corporate governance systems of the
countries in the world are generaliy classified into three models. The system practised in U.S. and
Western Europe is referred to as Equity Market-Based System(EMS) because it is based on wellliquid
securities market, arm-length investors" ef'fectil,e nrarket for corporate control. strict rules
of disclosure and strong penalties for the breach of provisions of disclosure rule and insiders'
trading. The system that adopted in Germany and Japan is linown as Bank-Led System (BLS).
This system relies upon interlocking relationships among conrpanies and financial institutions.
Shareholders are long-term and relationship-oriented investors in this system. The corporate
governance system in Asia is commonly tenned as Farnily-Based System (FBS). This is because
larger percentage of shares is held by a family or a groLrp of farrilies and tire rest is owned by
numerous outside investors even though these corporations are listed in the Stock Exchange.
Family investors are more control-oriented over a nlimber of corporations rather than making
profit from a single corporation. Controlling families try to enhance their control by using debt
that resulted in excessive borroiving and highly levcragecl corporations. This situation led to
-A.sian financial crisis in l99l . After the crisis, crisis-hit cor.intries fi'orr Sor.rth-East Asia including
Thailand, Malaysia and indonesia try to improve their corporate governance by initiating several
reform measures by using internationally recognized standards as benchmarks.
From the cultural point of view, a corporate governance systern of a country emerged fron-r
::s cultures and traditions, social values, and re lationships of people. '['hesc differences in cr.rltLrral
::d social values inflr"rence tlte way of thinl<ing artci cloing busincsscs ancl sr"rbsequently the way of
:overning corporations. Thereflore, corporate govemancc syslen-r of a country is a result of
::iterplay among tl'rese factors; it cannot transf'er clirectly to othcr systems without rnoditi,ing or
:ranging the underlying basic social values o1' thc society. To eliectively design corporate
:.rverrrance system, a country should consicier its o*,n uncierlying cr,rltLrres and value systems.
In this study, an attempt has been rnade to analyze cLrrrent situation of the corporate
:,lvernance of Myanmarpublic corporations based on the clata collected lrom l5 registered public
tions. The study also analyzed country-level corporate governance such as corporate law
legal framework, regulatory bodies, securities market and professional institutions that
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corporate sector of the country. In order to provicle nlore comparative information,
governance systems of seleoted South-East Asian countrios - Malaysia, Indonesia ancl
and - were arralyzecl in thc stirrlt,.
Corporate governilnce ol'Malitysia ancl 'l'hailanil are uscrl as benchrnark ancl comparecl
that of Myanmar. 'Ihe rnain ob.iective of thc stucll, is to recor.r'rmencl appropriate corporatc
system u'hicir is conclr,rcii'e to lilstcring ol'an cf llcient ancl cl'l-cctive markct economic
for Myanrlar. 'fhe effective'ness o1'llrnr-levcl corporatc sovernance is cletermined by the
of shareholders, the elfecliveness of the board" tmi"rsparency ancl disclosure of infbrmation
the role of stakeholders in line r.vith the OECD's principles of corporate govemance.
The study reveals that Myanmar corporate sector is characterized by twin features of sopure
public corporations fbrurded by business associatcs on one side and semi-governntent
ons on the other. F'rorn analysis of the sur\/ey data collected. the study shows that good
governance is positivell'associated i.vith the firnt's perfirrntance. It also shows that high
p concentration cotrtributcs io ct-fectir,c iltaltlgcntcill u,l)cr-r cxternal protectiog
are weak and highcr orvttership corrccntrution in the llrrtr tencls to lor,i,er thc
tion disclosr"irc
The study recotnntettcls lhat Myannrar shoLrlcl start ri,ith existing associate-bascci
tions by making them to nrore systenraticalll,strLrcturecl. It nreans Mvannrar shor-rld first
on improving national stanclards of regulations and corporate governance practices of
corporations. The study also poirrts out thal ethical ancl visionary leaclership ai-rcJ
culture are essential elernents in fostering corporate governance practices r,vith ref'erence
the case study of First Private Bank Ltd. The implication for Myanrnar public corporations is
they should promote good leaders 'uvho can generate culture u,ithin the corporation that is
le for good corporate govenrance. By implernenting r,ncl lrrornoting goocl corporate
ce practices at tlie llrnt-lcvel, investors rvill have ntore tlr-rst in these corporations and
r-rently they are more u,illing to invest in thern. Myanntar shor-rlcl also learn the experience
neighboring countries ir-r designing and devolving its corporate governance system. By doing
Myanmar can craft its own corporate governance sl,stcrn lhat is appropriatc to the
tics of the cottntry in line rvith the ob.jcctive:s ol'nrarkct-oricntscl economic system
Genomic skimming for identification of medium/highly abundant transposable elements in Arundo donax and Arundo plinii
No full textFinancing Small and Medium Enterprises in Myanmar
Get PDFSmall and medium enterprises (SMEs) share the biggest part in Myanmar economy in terms of number, contribution to employment, output, and investment. Myanmar economic growth is thus totally dependent on the development of SMEs in the private sector. Today, the role of SMEs has become more vital in strengthening national competitive advantage and the speedy economic integration into the ASEAN region. However, studies show that SMEs have to deal with a number of constraints that hinder their development potential, such as the shortage in power supply, unavailability of long-term credit from external sources and many others. Among them, the financing problem of SMEs is one of the biggest constraints. Such is deeply rooted in demand and supply issues, macroeconomic fundamentals, and lending infrastructure of the country. The government’s policy towards SMEs could also lead to insufficient support for the SMEs. Thus, focusing on SMEs and private sector development as a viable strategy for industrialization and economic development of the country is a fundamental requirement for SME development. This paper recommends policies for stabilizing macro economic fundamentals, improving lending infrastructures of the country and improving demand- and supply-side conditions from the SMEs financing perspective in order to provide a more accessible financing for SMEs and to contribute in the overall development of SMEs in Myanmar thereby to sharpen national competitive advantage in the age of speedy economic integration.Small and medium enterprise (SME), Small and medium-scale enterprises, Financing, Competitiveness, Myanmar, Japan, ASEAN, Southeast Asia, Finance
Dining Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction And Revisit Intention of Le' Cellier Restaurant at Novotel Hotel (Aung Kyaw Moe, 2024)
Get PDFThis study investigates the factors influencing on dining service qualities and their effect on customer satisfaction and revisit intention at Le’ Cellier Restaurant in Yangon, Myanmar. Key service quality dimensions, including tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and food quality are examined. Primary data was collected from 174 customers through well-structured survey questionnaires. The finding indicate that all service quality dimensions: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and food quality are significantly influence customer satisfaction, with tangibility and empathy emerging as the most critical factors, and assurance as least critical. The restaurant decoration and service for special requests of customers emerging as the most critical factors of dining service quality which have effect on customer satisfaction. In furthermore, the study describes a strong statistically positive relationship between customer satisfaction and revisit intention, highlighting the importance of high-quality dining experiences in fostering customer revisit intention. The study provides recommendations for Le Cellier to create a customer-centric culture by training staff to understand and respond to individual needs and emotions with personalized services. Emphasis is placed on enhancing culinary skills through staff training to improve overall customer satisfaction and encourage revisiting of the customers. These insights offer valuable guidance for restaurant management and hospitality industry in Yangon
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF SHWE TET LU TEA AND FOOD SHOP (Aung Kyaw Moe, 2019)
Get PDFThe main objectives of the study are to analyze the factors affecting the customer
satisfaction of Shwe Tet Lu Tea and Food Shop and to determine the effect of customer
satisfaction on behavioral intention at Shwe Tet Lu Tea and Food Shop. The data are
collected from 350 customers of Shwe Tet Lu Tea and Food Shop by using a structured
questionnaire. The findings of the study indicate that all factors – food quality, service
quality, location and physical evidence – except price leads to higher customer satisfaction
at Shwe Tet Lu Tea and Food Shop. The results also show that among factors influencing
customer satisfaction, physical evidence has the highest influence over customer
satisfaction. The results indicate that customer satisfaction have strongly influence on
behavioral intention of customers at Shwe Tet Lu Tea and Food Shop. According to the
analysis, this study recommends that the shop should maintain the food quality and their
physical appearance, and furthermore, the employees should be trained more effectively
and efficiently to enhance customer satisfaction and thereby, promote their behavioral
intention
Effect of Relationship Marketing on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty At TrustLink Co.,Ltd. (Lin Aung Kyaw, 2024)
Get PDFThe objectives of this study are to examine the effect of relationship marketing on
customer satisfaction, to analyze the effect of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty
and to explore the moderating effect of switching costs on the relationship between
customer satisfaction and loyalty at TrustLink Co., Ltd. There are 125 customers in 2024.
This study utilizes both primary and secondary data. Primary data are collected from 95
respondents among 125 customers using a simple random sampling method, with an online
survey featuring a structured questionnaire. Secondary data are sourced from relevant
textbooks, academic journals, and prior research. Descriptive statustucs and Linear
regression analyses are employed to analyze the collected data. The statistics indicates that
key components of relationship marketing namely, commitment and communication have
positive and significant effects on customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction in turn
positively influences customer loyalty. The study further explores the moderating role of
switching costs, revealing that switching costs do not have moderating effect on
relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. Findings from this study indicate
that strengthening relationship marketing practices, particularly in areas of commitment
and communication, can foster greater customer loyalty. These insights are valuable not
only to TrustLink Co., Ltd. but also to other organizations within Myanmar’s system
integrator industry, providing actionable recommendations for improving customer
satisfaction and retention through targeted relationship marketing practice
A Study on the Perceptions of Local Youth on Tourism Growth Bago City (Htun Aung Kyaw, 2025)
Get PDFThis study investigates the perceptions of local youth toward tourist attractions
in Bago City and their attitudes regarding tourism development. The main objective is
to understand how local youth perceive the economic, social, and environmental
impacts of tourism in their community. A survey-based approach was employed, using
structured questionnaires administered to 152 local residents. The survey explored
participants’ views on tourism-related benefits, such as income generation and
employment opportunities, as well as potential social and environmental challenges.
Findings indicate that local youth generally recognize the positive contributions of
tourism to economic growth, particularly in creating jobs and supporting local
businesses. However, they also emphasize the need for careful management to prevent
negative impacts on the environment and community life. The study highlights that
tourism development can benefit the local population if planned sustainably, balancing
economic growth with social and environmental considerations
Asia Supply Chain Report: Mandalay Region, Myanmar (Aung Kyaw & Nu Nu Lwin, 2017)
No full textThe main purpose this report is to assess the potential of Mandalay to become an
attractive investment site for export oriented foreign manufacturing firms. The study
found that Mandalay has many external constraints to become industrial hubs of
Myanmar infrastructure particularly in electricity, land and financial aspects that need
to be tackled urgently and fundamentally. For internal constraints, finance is found as a
major problem for business to expand. Technology, skill development, machines and
equipment are found as also important internal barriers for the firms. Despite these,
there have important opportunities for some industries including agricultural food
processing, ICT and electronic component parts manufacturing and textile industries.
By using locally abundant resources of agricultural produces and labor force coupled
with money and technology brought by foreign investors, these industries have huge
opportunities for growth. To be qualified local firms in Mandalay as suppliers to
international companies and to become Mandalay as an attractive manufacturing site
for foreign firms, a number of positive measures need to be implemented. This inevitably
takes some time to achieve. For macro level interventions, foresighted and consistent
policies, political will, money and time investment and patience are necessary along the
way. Out of them, land issue need to handle first because unclear ownership of land and
land use right are serious barriers for investors even more than the issue of high land
price. The regular and reliable supply of electricity is also the next important factor to
be tackled. Improvement in road, rail and port infrastructure and clear policy and rules
of regional government to promote foreign investment is the third most important
intervention to be done
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