93 research outputs found
Dengue haemorrhagic encephalitis: report of a child from Myanmar with bilateral thalamic involvement
No full textWin Kyawt Khin, Kyaw Linn, Aye Mya Min Aye, Chaw Su Hlaing, Aye Mu Sann, Hnin Wint Wint Aung, Myo Thiri Swe, Cho Thair , Yi Yi Mar, Nway Nway, Phyu Phyu Myint, Ei Hnin Kyu</p
Agriculture Changes in Ywashe Village, Patheingyi Township: Nature, Policy and Farmer's Response
No full textMany governments adopted agricultural development policies related to crops type, land use pattern , and market for agriculture products to get the agro-based economic development. Some policies could actualize their aim and objectives, while others failed to gain their goals. If agricultural development policies are not fitted to the nature of a given area, farmers gradually adjust the policies to the form that is suitable to the natural environment. Since Myanmar shifted to market oriented economic system,
distinguished policy changes were carried out in the agriculture sector. This paper tried to analyze these policy changes and farmer 's response to these changes in different natural environment from a case study of Ywashe Village, Patheingyi Township. The study emphasized on the agriculture ohanges between the 1976 and 2005. Data used in this study were derived from intensive _open interviews conducted to 7 farmers during May 2005 and structured interviews conducted to 43 villagers (6 1% of farmers who owned their land in various amount) living in Ywashe during January and February 2006. The results revealed that farmers have done minor adjustments to the government policy to fit with given natural conditions. Some adjustment involved changes in crop type while others concerned with land use pattern change. 'Both types of changes are reflected from' a combination of the conditions of nature, agricultural development pol icy, and farmer's response
Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Review
No full textThis book reviews latest trends in trade and investment policy issues facing Asia-Pacific region.Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Crisis, Environment, Agricultural Trade Liberalization, WTO
Wiedemann-Franz law violation domain for graphene and nonrelativistic systems
No full textSystematic and comparative research on Lorenz ratios for graphene and
nonrelativistic systems has been studied to identify their Wiedemann-Franz law
violation domain. Fermi energy and temperature are the main governing
parameters for deciding the values of the Lorenz ratio, which is basically
thermal conductivity divided by electrical conductivity times temperature times
Lorenz number. Metals as three-dimensional nonrelativistic electron gas locate
at higher Fermi-energy by temperature domain, where Lorenz ratio remains one.
Hence, they obey the Wiedemann-Franz law. By creating higher doping in a
two-dimensional graphene system, one can again reach a higher Fermi-energy by
temperature domain and get a constant Lorenz ratio. For both graphene and
non-relativistic systems, the Lorenz ratio goes below one if we go lower
Fermi-energy by temperature domain, which is possible for the graphene system
by decreasing the doping concentration. Experimentally observed greater than
one Lorenz ratio in this lower Fermi-energy by temperature domain or Dirac
Fluid domain indicates that non-fluid expressions of Lorenz ratio should be
replaced by fluid-type expressions. We have noticed a divergent trend of Lorenz
ratio in the Dirac Fluid domain using its fluid-type expression, and it matches
with the trend of experimental data
Shear viscosity expression for a graphene system in relaxation time approximation
No full textWe have gone through the detailed microscopic calculation of the shear
viscosity of a 2-dimensional graphene system in the relaxation time
approximation-based kinetic theory framework. After getting its final
expressions, we compared it with the shear viscosity expressions of other
possible 2-dimensional as well as 3-dimensional nonrelativistic and
ultra-relativistic fluid systems. The aim of the comparison is to reveal how
their different one-body dispersion relations affect their many-body fluid
properties like shear viscosity and the viscosity to entropy density ratio. It
is also aimed to reveal the 3-dimension to the 2-dimension transformation of
their mathematical structures. We have numerically explored the differences in
their order of magnitude and dependence on thermodynamical
parameters-temperature and chemical potential. Marking two thermodynamical
domains-Dirac fluid and Fermi liquid-for a 2-dimensional graphene system, we
have noticed that shear viscosity, entropy density as well as their ratios
decrease toward saturated values when one goes from Fermi liquid to Dirac fluid
domain. When one shifts from mili-electron volt scales of temperature and
chemical potential in condensed matter physics location to their mega-electron
volt scales in high energy physics location, then the same results may be
expected for hot quark matter case, where the transition from the neutron star
to early universe domains may be considered as Fermi liquid to Dirac fluid
transition.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
Graphene is neither Relativistic nor Non-Relativistic case: Thermodynamics Aspects
No full textDiscovery of electron hydrodynamics in graphene system has opened a new scope
of analytic calculations in condensed matter physics, which was traditionally
well cultivated in science and engineering as a non-relativistic hydrodynamics
and in high energy nuclear and astro physics as relativistic hydrodynamics.
Electrons in graphene follow neither non-relativistic nor relativistic
hydrodynamics and thermodynamics. Present article has gone through systematic
microscopic calculations of thermodynamical quantities like pressure, energy
density, etc. of electron-fluid in graphene and compared with corresponding
estimations for non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic cases. Identifying the
Dirac fluid and Fermi liquid domains, we have sketched the transition of
temperature and Fermi energy dependency of electron thermodynamics for graphene
and other cases. An equivalent transition for quark matter is also discussed.
The most exciting part is the general expression of specific heat, whose Fermi
to Dirac fluid domain transition can be realized as a transition from a
solid-based to a fluid-based picture. This understanding may be connected to
the experimentally observed Wiedemann-Franz Law violation in the Dirac fluid
domain of graphene system.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figure
Efficacy and safety of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria in endemic countries: meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
No full textBackground: This study aimed to synthesize available evidence on the efficacy of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) in treating uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria in people living in endemic countries. Methodology and Principal Findings: This is a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT). We searched relevant studies in electronic databases up to May 2013. RCTs comparing efficacy of (DHP) with other artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), non-ACT or placebo were selected. The primary endpoint was efficacy expressed as PCR-corrected parasitological failure. Efficacy was pooled by hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI, if studies reported time-to-event outcomes by the Kaplan-Meier method or data available for calculation of HR Nine RCTs with 14 datasets were included in the quantitative analysis. Overall, most of the studies were of high quality. Only a few studies compared with the same antimalarial drugs and reported the outcomes of the same follow-up duration, which created some difficulties in pooling of outcome data. We found the superiority of DHP over chloroquine (CQ) (at day > 42-63, HR:2.33, 95% CI:1.86-2.93, I: 0%) or artemether-lumefentrine (AL) (at day 42, HR:2.07, 95% CI:1.38-3.09, I: 39%). On the basis of GRADE criteria, further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Discussion/Conclusion: Findings document that DHP is more efficacious than CQ and AL in treating uncomplicated P. vivax malaria. The better safety profile of DHP and the once-daily dosage improves adherence, and its fixed coformulation ensures that both drugs (dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine) are taken together. However, DHP is not active against the hypnozoite stage of P. vivax. DHP has the potential to become an alternative antimalarial drug for the treatment uncomplicated P. vivax malaria. This should be substantiated by future RCTs with other ACTs. Additional work is required to establish how best to combine this treatment with appropriate antirelapse therapy (primaquine or other drugs under development)
Effect of Coriolis force on the shear viscosity of quark matter: A nonrelativistic description
No full textShear viscosity becomes anisotropic in a rotating medium. It is discovered
here that for rotating thermalized quantum systems such as those created in
relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the coeffficient of shear viscosity breaks
up into five independent components. Similar phenomena were also discovered for
quark-gluon plasma in the presence of the magnetic field. Like the Lorentz
force at a finite magnetic field, the Coriolis force also creates anisotropic
viscosity at nonzero rotation. As a first approach, for simplicity, the
calculations are done in the nonrelativistic prescription, with a future
proposal to extend it toward a relativistic description. Introducing the
Coriolis force term in relaxation time approximated Boltzmann transport
equation, we have found different effective relaxation times along the
parallel, perpendicular, and Hall directions in terms of actual relaxation time
and rotating time period. Comparing the present formalism with the finite
magnetic field picture, we have shown the equivalence of roles between the
rotating and cyclotron time periods, where the rotating time period is inverse
of twice the angular velocity.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
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