1,720,964 research outputs found
Ocorrência de C. tropicalis no Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, estudo de sua suscetibilidade a antifúngicos com propostas de métodos modificados para aprimoramento dos testes in vitro
Get PDFThe frequency of candidemia has increased in recent decades, with raising occurrence of non-albicans species. In general, Candida tropicalis is the most frequent non-albicans species in Brazil and may present trailing growth in broth microdilution tests with azole drugs, which complicates and confuses the reading of MIC values. The objectives of this study were evaluate the occurrence of candidemia caused by C. tropicalis in HUCAM and your susceptibility profile with fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B, according to reference methodology M27-A3 (CLSI, 2008) propose modifications in this test, and evaluate the influence of different incubation periods and ways of reading. Isolates of Candida tropicalis were selected and submitted to the modified tests: incubation temperature of 42°C, addition of TSA and colorimetric compound resazurin. The results obtained with modified tests were evaluated through essential and categorical agreements considering the reference methodology. The results showed that in the period of 2006 to 2009, the frequency of candidemia in HUCAM ranged from 1.21 to 1.65 cases / 1,000 admissions and 0.16 to 0.25 cases / 1,000 patient-days. C. albicans accounted for 45% of the episodes, followed by C. tropicalis (26%), C. parapsilosis (14%), C. glabrata (10%) and other ones (C. krusei, C. guilliermondii and C. lusitaniae). The highest percentages of resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole occurred with 48 hours of incubation (26% versus 5% and 17% versus 1.2%, respectively). 28.05% of the isolates showed trailing growth for one or both drugs. The categorical and essential agreements of the modified tests when compared with the standard methodology, ranged from 70 to 87%, with 24 hours of incubation and for both drugs. With 48 hours of incubation, the modifications (incubation at 42°C and addition of TSA) provided smaller percentages of categorical and essential agreements when compared with the addition of resazurin. The best agreement between ways of reading (visual and spectrophotometric) was obtained with the incubation at 42°C, compared with the standard method. Different trailing growth profiles were observed and the three modified methods were effective in reducing this phenomenon with 24 hours of incubation, but only the methods 42°C and TSA were able to reduce it at 48 hour. The analysis of medical records indicated that isolated with trailing growth showed 11 satisfactory therapeutic response to fluconazole and the isolated that remained resistant in the modified tests did not respond to treatment with fluconazole in vivoA frequência de candidemia tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, com crescente ocorrência de espécies não-albicans. Candida tropicalis representa, em geral, a espécie não-albicans mais freqüente no Brasil e pode apresentar crescimento tipo trailing nos testes de microdiluição em caldo, frente a drogas azólicas, o que dificulta e confunde a leitura dos valores de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar a ocorrência de candidemia causada por C. tropicalis no Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes (HUCAM), Vitória Espírito Santo, e seu perfil de suscetibilidade a fluconazol, itraconazol e anfotericina B, conforme metodologia de referência M27-A3 (CLSI, 2008), propor modificações deste teste, além de avaliar a influência de diferentes períodos de incubação e formas de leitura. Isolados de Candida tropicalis (82) testados pelo método referência foram selecionados e submetidos aos testes modificados, como incubação na temperatura de 42°C, adição de Tricostatina A (TSA) e do composto colorimétrico resazurina. Os resultados obtidos nos testes modificados foram avaliados através da determinação das concordâncias categóricas e essenciais com o teste padrão. Os resultados mostraram que no período de 2006 a 2009, a frequência de candidemia no HUCAM variou de 1,21 a 1,65 casos/1.000 admissões hospitalares e de 0,16 a 0,25 casos/1.000 pacientes-dia. C. albicans representou 45% dos episódios, seguida por C. tropicalis (26%), C. parapsilosis (14%), C. glabrata (10%) e outras (C. krusei, C. guilliermondii e C. lusitaniae). Os maiores percentuais de resistência de C. tropicalis a fluconazol e a itraconazol ocorreram com 48 horas de incubação (26% versus 5% e 17% versus 1,2%, respectivamente). Foi observado que 28,05% dos isolados apresentaram crescimento tipo trailing para uma ou para as duas drogas testadas. As concordâncias categóricas e essenciais dos testes modificados, em relação à metodologia padrão, variaram de 70 a 87%, com 24 horas de incubação e para ambas a drogas. Com 48 horas de incubação, as modificações introduzidas (incubação a 42ºC e adição de TSA) propiciaram menores percentagens de concordâncias categóricas e essenciais que o método com adição de resazurina. A incubação a 42°C correlacionou com as melhores concordâncias entre as formas de leitura visual e espectrofotométrica, em comparação com o 9 método padrão. Diferentes perfis de crescimento tipo trailing foram observados, sendo que as três modificações realizadas foram eficazes em reduzir este fenômeno com 24 horas de incubação, mas apenas os métodos a 42ºC e com TSA foram capazes de reduzir o trailing com 48 horas de incubação. A análise de prontuários médicos permitiu verificar que isolado com crescimento tipo trailing apresentou resposta terapêutica satisfatória ao fluconazol e que isolado que permaneceu resistente nos testes modificados não respondeu a tratamento com fluconazol, in viv
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Colonização por leveduras em cavidade bucal de receptores de transplante renal
No full textOrientador: Prof.ª Dr.ª Terezinha Inez Estivalet SvidzinskiDissertação (mestrado em Biociências e Fisiopatologia) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2011RESUMO: Candida spp. é capaz de causar infecção na presença de condições predisponentes no hospedeiro, como a imunossupressão. O paciente transplantado renal, mesmo tendo melhor sobrevida, permanece vulnerável a diversas complicações infecciosas que são, em grande parte, determinadas pelo estado geral de imunossupressão. A cavidade bucal desses indivíduos é um ambiente favorável ao desenvolvimento de infecções, na maioria das vezes causadas por agentes oportunistas, como a candidíase oral. A aderência é um fator de virulência necessário para a colonização e subsequente infecção por Candida spp., característica pouco conhecida das leveduras isoladas da microbiota bucal de transplantado renal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de aderência de leveduras isoladas da cavidade bucal de transplantados renais acompanhados em um hospital de Maringá – PR. Foram analisadas 19 leveduras entre colonização e lesão (17 Candida albicans, 1 C. glabrata e 1 C. tropicalis) isoladas da cavidade bucal dos pacientes que aceitaram participar da pesquisa. Os métodos utilizados para a análise da aderência foram: 1) Triagem quanto à formação de biofilme; 2) Formação de biofilme pela redução do XTT; 3) Aderência em células epiteliais bucais humanas e 4) Adesão pela técnica das Unidades Formadoras de Colônias. Os resultados são apresentados no artigo "Capacidade de aderência de leveduras isoladas da cavidade bucal de transplantados renais"ABSTRACT: Candida spp. are capable of causing infection in the presence of predisposing conditions in host such as immunosuppression. The transplanted renal patient, even having better survival, remains vulnerable to various infectious complications that are largely determined by the general state of immunosuppression. The oral cavity of these individuals offers a favorable environment for the development of infections, often caused by opportunistic agents, such as oral candidiasis. The adherence is a virulence factor needed for colonization and subsequent infection by Candida spp., however, this property has not been explored in yeasts isolated from oral microbiota of renal transplanted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of adhesion of yeasts isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplanted recipients accompanied in a hospital from Maringá-PR. Nineteen yeasts were analyzed including colonization and lesion (17 Candida albicans, 1 C. glabrata and 1 C. tropicalis) isolated from the oral cavity of patients who have agreed to participate in the survey. Methods used to analyze the adherence capacity were: 1) Screening on the formation of biofilm in accordance to Shin et al. (2002); 2) Formation of biofilm by reducing the XTT; 3) Adherence on human buccal epithelial cells and 4) Adhesion by the technique of Colony Forming Units. The results are presented in the article "Adherence capacity of yeasts isolated from the oral cavity of transplanted kidney"55 f. : il. (algumas color.)
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
