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    Cėsar Auguste Franck Violin sonata in A Major 에 관한 연구 분석

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    A renowned composer of France, Cesar Auguste Franck was a professor of musicology, religious musician and an outstanding organist. He did not only combined German and French music style as a composer who developed pure instrumental music of the post romanticism period but also showed music that combined classical music style and romantic music component. However, during the time Frank studied music, France was going through the French Revolution. Hence topics such as freedom and equality were the mainstream rather than majesty and magnificence. Thus, his works were acknowledged after many years later. His efforts to encourage classical music and pursue music of France style in such time period led him to be recognized as a pioneer in developing of Modern French music. The ideology of his music is based on the classical music style and Late Romantic devices such a Chromatic harmony and quick modulation. Moreover, in terms of the free attempt on composition, his music displays chromatic melody and cyclic form that displays characteristic of romanticist music. Combining the classical and romanticist music style in his composition within music style. He characteristic style and he continued to develop it and unified it consistently. Such diverse and unique composing methods are well displayed in Franck’s one and only sonata, <Violin Sonata in A Major>. This piece is composed of four movements. The theme of each movement that uses a circulation form repeats, unifies and modifies through appearing repeatedly. As a result, it creates a sense of unity between each movement. The development structure adopts relative key of thirds. Like a work of the post-romanticist period, colorful harmony and sudden transition. I studied analyzed Franck’s major work, <Violin Sonata in A major>and Based on Franck’s life, the composition and characteristic of each movement as well as the theoretical research on music.;프랑스의 대표적인 작곡가인 세자르 프랑크 (César Auguste Franck, 1822-1890)는 작곡가이자 종교 음악가이며 뛰어난 오르가니스트였다. 그는 후기 낭만시대에 순수 기악음악을 발전시킨 작곡가로서 독일 음악과 프랑스 음악의 요소를 적절히 조합했을 뿐 만 아니라 고전 음악 양식과 낭만 음악적 요소를 두루 갖춘 음악을 보여주었다. 하지만 프랑크가 음악을 배웠던 당시 프랑스는 프랑스 혁명의 영향으로 거침으로써 웅장함과 화려함보다는 자유와 평등을 주제로 한 것 들이 주류를 이루었기 때문에 그의 작품은 만년에 이르러서야 인정을 받았다. 이러한 시대적 환경 속 에서도 고전주의 적인 전통을 바탕으로 장려하며 프랑스적인 음악을 추구하고자 한 그의 노력은 마침내 그를 프랑스 근대 음악 발전의 선구자로서 인식되어지게 하였다. 그의 곡의 기본 이념은 고전적인 흐름을 바탕으로 변하기 쉬운 화성이나 급작스런 전조를 사용하였고 구성상의 자유로운 시도에 있어서는 반음계적 선율과 순환형식에 의한 주제배치의 낭만주의적인 음악적 특징으로 나타난다. 이러한 고전적인 방식과 낭만주의적 방식을 음악 속에서 결합시키는 것은 그의 특징적인 양식으로 이를 더더욱 발전시켰으며 일관성 있게 통일시켜 갔다. 이러한 다양하며 독특한 작곡 기법들은 프랑크의 유일한 소나타인 이 <Violin Sonata in A Major>에서 잘 나타나 있다. 이 곡은 전체 4악장으로 구성되어 있으며, 순환 형식을 사용하고 있는 각 악장의 주제는 3개의 순환동기를 통해 유기적으로 반복, 결합, 변형 되어 각 악장 간에 통일성을 준 다. 조성 구조는 3도 관계조의 형태로 취하며 후기 낭만주의 작품답게 색체적인 화성과 과감한 전조를 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 <Violin Sonata in A Major>의 이해를 돕기 위해 프랑크의 생애와 각 악장별로 구조와 특성 및 음악에 대한 이론적 연구를 바탕으로 그의 대표작인 <Violin Sonata in A Major>를 분석, 연구하였다.Ⅰ.서론 1 Ⅱ.본론 3 A.시대적 배경 3 B.Cesar Auguste Franck 생애 5 C.Cesar Auguste Franck 의 시기별 작품 및 음악 9 1.Cesar Auguste Franck 의 작품 9 2.Cesar Auguste Franck의 음악 12 D.Cesar Auguste Franck Violin Sonata in A Major 18 1.작품배경 18 2.작품분석 20 Ⅲ.결론 68 참고문헌 70 ABSTRACT 7

    Op. 19. // 3.ième Grande Fantaisie // Composée et dédiée // à // M. // par // Cesar-Auguste Franck (manuscrit autographe)

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    Titre uniforme : Franck, César (1822-1890). Compositeur. [Fantaisies. Piano. No 3. CFF 7. Do mineur]Titre propre pris à la couv.. - Nom du dédicataire en blanc. - Signé à la fin : "César Auguste Franck". - Ms. autogr. à l'encre. - Daté d'après Fauquet, Franck. - Présence d'une seconde pagination autographe, plus tardive : p. 1-8, 17-25. - Mention à la p. de garde, de la main de Nicolas-Joseph Franck, au crayon : "Enreg: N.o 19". - Papier réglé à 14 portéesFantaisies (piano) -- +* 1800......- 1899......+:19e siècle

    A Study of César Auguste Franck Violin Sonata in A Major

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    세자르 프랑크 (César Auguste Franck, 1822-1890)는 뛰어난 오르가니스트이며 음악학 교수이자 종교 음악가이고 작곡가였다. 그는 후기 낭만주의시대에 순수 기악음악을 발전시킨 근대 프랑스 음악의 선구자로서 독일 음악과 프랑스 음악을 연결시켰고 고전 음악 양식과 낭만 음악적 요소를 합한 음악을 보여주었다. 그의 음악은 고전적인 양식을 바탕으로 변하기 쉬운 화성, 급작스런 전조를 사용하였고 구성상의 자유로운 시도에 있어서는 낭만주의적인 반음계적 선율과 순환형식을 사용하고 있다. 이러한 고전적인 음악 양식과 낭만주의적 음악 요소를 조화시키는 것은 프랑크의 음악적 특징이라 할수 있다. 이러한 프랑크만의 독특하고 다양한 작곡 기법들이 잘 나타나 있는 그의 대표작인 바이올린 소나타 <Violin Sonata in A Major> 는 그의 유일한 소나타 작품으로 4악장으로 구성되어 있으며, 순환 형식을 사용하고 있는데 각 악장의 주제는 3개의 순환동기를 통하여 유기적으로 반복, 결합, 변형되어지면서 각 악장 간에 통일성을 준다. 반면 조성구조는 단순한 5도 구조가 아닌 3도 관계조의 형태를 취하여 후기 낭만주의 작품답게 색체적인 화성과 과감한 전조가 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 프랑크의 생애와 음악에 대한 이론적 연구를 바탕으로 하여 그의 대표작인 <Violin Sonata in A Major>를 분석, 연구 하여 이를 이해하고 연주하는데 도움을 주고자 한다.;César Auguste Franck(1822-1890) was superb organist and a professor of musicology, religious musician, and composer. He was a pioneer of modern French music who developed pure instrumental music at the post-romantic period and connected German music and French music, showed the music combining classic music style and romantic music elements. His music used changeable harmony and sudden prelude based on classic style and used chromatic melody of romanticism and cyclic form for the free attempt of composition. Harmonizing classic music style and romantic music elements like this was the characteristics of Franck's music. His representative work, Violin Sonata in A Major which shows Franck's unique and diverse composition techniques well is his only sonata and composed with four movements, and used cyclic style. Theme of each movement had organic repetition, combination, and transformation andgavetheunityamongeachmovement.Ontheotherhand, composition structure was not simple fifth structure but the third in type of relative keys and used colorful harmony and bold prelude. The thesis analyzed and researched <Violin Sonata in A Major> which is his representative work based on theoretical research on Franck's life and music to help understanding and playing this.Ⅰ. 서 론 1 Ⅱ. 본 론 2 A. 시대적 배경 2 B. Cesar Auguste Franck의 생애 3 C. Cesar Auguste Franck의 작품과 음악 5 E. Cesar Franck Violin Sonata in A Major 13 Ⅲ. 결 론 51 참고문헌 52 Abstract 5

    Variations Brillantes // sur // La Ronde Favorite de Gustave III. // Composées pour le Piano & dédiées à // M.r J.B. Teste avocat du Tresor & Deputé du Gard // par // César-Auguste Franck // âgé de 12 ans // Op. 8 (manuscrit autographe)

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    Titre uniforme : Franck, César (1822-1890). Compositeur. [Variations. Auber, Daniel-François-Esprit. Gustave III. Vieille sybille. Piano, orchestre. CFF 133. Do majeur]Titre propre pris à la couv.. - Signé à la fin : "César-Auguste Franck". - Ms. autogr. à l'encre. - Daté d'après Fauquet, Franck. - Pagination ajoutée. - Mention au départ, de la main de Nicolas-Joseph Franck, au crayon : "Enreg: N.o 8". - Papier réglé à 24 portéesPrésentation musicale : PartitionVariations (piano et orchestre) -- +* 1800......- 1899......+:19e siècle

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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