1,720,955 research outputs found
Low-Temperature Thermal-Energy Storage and Transmission Systems Employing Hydrophilic Polymeric Materials
Get PDFThe wide fluctuations that occur in the aggregate electrical demand of a generating
utility are punitive with respect to total system efficiency. Demand side management
techniques have been applied to reduce such fluctuations including the conversion of
electrical energy to thermal energy during periods of low demand for use during peak
demand periods. For thermal processes requiring energy above ambient temperature it
is feasible to use sensible heat due to the existence of stable storage mediums and
efficient methods of heating at the high temperatures required. However where energy
is required below ambient temperatures, efficiency of cooling limits the use of sensible
heat, hence latent heat storage has been adopted. Conventional cold storage systems use
ice banks to store cooling energy at 0°C in order to capture the high latent heat of
fusion of water. The rate of discharge for such stores is limited by thermal resistance in
the store and the thermal capacity of secondary coolants (such as glycol solutions).
This investigated the use of hydrophilic materials to overcome the limitations of
current cold-storage technology. Such materials have the capacity to absorb and retain
up to 95% by mass of water (or other aqueous solutions) regardless of how the
materials is subdivided. Furthermore the thermal properties of the polymers in their
hydrated state resemble those of the free hydration fluid, including any phase
transitions. By supporting the hydrated materials in a non-freeing, non-aqueous fluid
the resultant mixture provides a medium for cold storage that can be pumped and used
at the point of load, and is not limited by the thermal resistance of an encapsulating
material.
Three aspects concerning the utilisation of hydrophilic materials for thermal
engineering applications have been investigated; (i) the physical properties of the
materials
in their hydrated state, (ii) methods of fluidising material in a high density
store, and (iii) the heat transfer properties of hydrophilic based slurries while
undergoing phase transition.
Material tests have shown that currently available hydrophilic materials have thermo-
physical properties that depend principally upon the hydrating fluid, regardless of
particle size, and are stable over long periods (>3years). Suitable hydration fluids can
lower the temperature of the phase transition thus extending their potential as storage
mediums beyond those of ice-based technologies. Novel materials, of very high water
content (95%) have been produced and investigated. These appear to be very suitable
for thermal storage because they increase the maximum achievable energy densities of
a fluidised storage system and potentially reduce cost.
A number of thermal storage devices to utilise hydrophilic based slurries have been
designed and evaluated. The resultant devices has been shown to provide a means of
taking hydrophilic materials to, and from, a packed bed and feeding them at a
controlled rate into a fluid stream. The thermal charge/discharge rates of such a device
are limited only by the choice of external heat exchange systems. An experimental apparatus has been designed to investigate the effects of phase change
particles on the heat transfer properties of flowing mixtures. The results have shown
that (i) at temperatures above the phase transition temperature the presence of the
particles causes an increase in the measured heat transfer coefficient for concentrations
above 10% by volume, (ii) there is a significant interaction of particles at the heat
transfer surface, and (iii) that under high flow rate conditions, with phase change
occurring, heat transfer coefficients are considerably enhanced (ie 80%) above those of
the support fluid when used alone or with non-active particles.
Further work is recommended to extend this study to produce an engineering prototype
storage system for trial evaluation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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