14,916 research outputs found
Pierre Auger Observatory 2021 Open Data
No full textThe Pierre Auger Collaboration is releasing 10% of the data recorded since 2004 using the world's largest cosmic ray detector, the Pierre Auger Observatory, located in Argentina, in the Province of Mendoza. The release also includes 100% of weather and space-weather data collected until 31 December 2020. These data are being made available publicly with the expectation that they will be used by a wide and diverse community including professional and citizen-scientists and for educational and outreach initiatives.
Operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory, by a Collaboration of about 400 scientists from over 90 institutions in 18 countries across the world, has enabled the properties of the highest-energy cosmic rays to be determined with unprecedented precision. These cosmic rays are predominantly the nuclei of the common elements and reach the Earth from astrophysical sources. The data from the Observatory have been used to show that the highest-energy particles have an extra-galactic origin.
Cosmic rays are observed indirectly, through extensive air-showers of secondary particles produced by the interaction of the incoming cosmic ray with the atmosphere. The Surface Detector of the Observatory covers 3000 km2 and comprises an array of particle detectors, separated by 1500 m. The area is overlooked by a set of telescopes that compose the Fluorescence Detector which is sensitive to the auroral-like light emitted as the air-shower develops, while the Surface Detector is sensitive to muons, electrons and photons that reach the ground.
The Open Data released here include those from these two instruments. They have been subjected to the same selection and reconstruction procedures used by the Collaboration in recent publications. They amount to more than 20000 showers measured with the surface-detector array and more than 3000 showers recorded simultaneously by the surface and fluorescence detectors. Data are available as pseudo-raw (JSON) format and as a summary CSV file containing the reconstructed shower parameters. Simplified codes derived from the ones used for published analyses are also provided, by means of Python notebooks that have been prepared to guide the reader to an understanding of the physics results. An outreach section dedicated to the general public, and in particular to school students, is also available and includes simple tools to enjoy our data. To get more details about the Observatory and the Open Data, you can visit the dedicated website.
About the Auger Open Data
Downloadable datasets
Cosmic-ray data:
Pseudo-raw data: for each event, a list of SD stations, with their relevant PMT traces, is available. If an event is detected simultaneously with the SD and FD it is called a hybrid event and a list of FD telescopes with a camera view is also provided. The main parameters from the SD and FD reconstruction are also given. The 'ready-to-use' Event Display is a good way to become familiar with the Open Data.
Reconstructed data: for each event, only 'high-level' information is provided. Different parameters are extracted from the pseudo-raw dataset to be used in physics analysis. Examples on how to use them can be found in the Analysis page.
Atmospheric data:
Pseudo-raw data: the values of different atmospheric state-variables, recorded using each of the five weather stations, are available.
Processed data: the values of the different atmospheric state- variables, obtained by merging the information from the different weather stations, are provided.
Scaler data: the counting rate of the surface detectors over 15 minutes, averaged over the active detectors, is provided.
Auxiliary data: these are additional data necessary for a full physics analysis but that are not extracted directly from the raw data. They include the position of the SD stations, the position of the FD pixels, the SD exposure, the FD acceptance.
Pseudo-raw and reconstructed data are provided in JSON format. Reconstructed data are also available in CSV format, representing a “summary” of the JSON files and containing the information that is needed for analysis. Similarly, auxiliary data are in CSV format. Format description is available on the dedicated website.
Tools
Ready-to-use event display
Simple software, reading the JSON and CSV files and producing examples of basic histograms of different data parameters
Analysis examples, reading the reconstructed data and producing derived data and graphs
Other Auger Open Data
All Auger publications are available as Open Access. Some of them also include Open Data in the form of additional tables, plots, graphs.
Disclaimer
The Open Data are released under the (CC BY-SA 4.0) International License.
All datasets have a unique DOI that you are requested to cite in any applications or publications.
The Auger Collaboration does not endorse any work, scientific or otherwise, produced using these data, even if available on, or linked from, this portal.
The spreadsheet-based datasets allow the user to undertake basic analyses. More complex analyses however require some knowledge of the underlying physics and of the instruments.
The analysis methods, including the reconstruction of the data, have evolved over time, and will continue to evolve. The reconstructed Open Data are processed with the most up-to-date software. Updates are thus foreseen, for either the reconstructed data or the software needed to analyse them. These will be detailed in later releases.
If you are interested in joining or working with the Auger Collaboration, please contact [email protected].
Policy
The policy of the Auger Collaboration on Data Release and Open Access can be found here.
Contact
For any question/doubt about these data, feel free to check the contact page of our website or directly write to [email protected]
Pierre Auger Observatory Open Data
No full text<p>The Pierre Auger Collaboration is releasing 10% of the data recorded since 2004 using the world's largest cosmic ray detector, the Pierre Auger Observatory, located in Argentina, in the Province of Mendoza. The release also includes 100% of weather and space-weather data collected until 31 December 2020. These data are being made available publicly with the expectation that they will be used by a wide and diverse community including professional and citizen-scientists and for educational and outreach initiatives.</p>
<p>Operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory, by a Collaboration of about 400 scientists from over 90 institutions in 18 countries across the world, has enabled the properties of the highest-energy cosmic rays to be determined with unprecedented precision. These cosmic rays are predominantly the nuclei of the common elements and reach the Earth from astrophysical sources. The data from the Observatory have been used to show that the highest-energy particles have an extra-galactic origin.</p>
<p>Cosmic rays are observed indirectly, through extensive air-showers of secondary particles produced by the interaction of the incoming cosmic ray with the atmosphere. The Surface Detector of the Observatory covers 3000 km<sup>2</sup> and comprises an array of ~1600 particle detectors, separated by 1500 m. The low energy extension features an array of 71 stations spread apart by 750 m and covering about 27 km<sup>2</sup>. The area is overlooked by a set of telescopes that compose the Fluorescence Detector which is sensitive to the auroral-like light emitted as the air-shower develops, while the Surface Detector is sensitive to muons, electrons and photons that reach the ground.</p>
<p>The Open Data released here include those from these instruments. They have been subjected to the same selection and reconstruction procedures used by the Collaboration in recent publications. They amount to more than 80000 showers measured with the surface-detector arrays and more than 3000 showers recorded simultaneously by the surface and fluorescence detectors. Data are available as pseudo-raw (JSON) format and as a summary CSV file containing the reconstructed shower parameters. Simplified codes derived from the ones used for published analyses are also provided, by means of Python notebooks that have been prepared to guide the reader to an understanding of the physics results. An outreach section dedicated to the general public, and in particular to school students, is also available and includes simple tools to enjoy our data. To get more details about the Observatory and the Open Data, you can visit <a href="https://opendata.auger.org/">the dedicated website</a>.</p>
<p><strong>About the Auger Open Data</strong></p>
<p>Downloadable datasets</p>
<ul>
<li> Cosmic-ray data:
<ul>
<li>Pseudo-raw data: for each event, a list of SD stations, with their relevant PMT traces, is available. If an event is detected simultaneously with the SD and FD it is called a hybrid event and a list of FD telescopes with a camera view is also provided. The main parameters from the SD and FD reconstruction are also given. The 'ready-to-use' Event Display is a good way to become familiar with the Open Data.</li>
<li>Reconstructed data: for each event, only 'high-level' information is provided. Different parameters are extracted from the pseudo-raw dataset to be used in physics analysis. Examples on how to use them can be found in the Analysis page.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Atmospheric data:
<ul>
<li>Pseudo-raw data: the values of different atmospheric state-variables, recorded using each of the five weather stations, are available.</li>
<li>Processed data: the values of the different atmospheric state- variables, obtained by merging the information from the different weather stations, are provided.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Scaler data: the counting rate of the surface detectors over 15 minutes, averaged over the active detectors, is provided.</li>
<li>Auxiliary data: these are additional data necessary for a full physics analysis but that are not extracted directly from the raw data. They include the position of the SD stations, the position of the FD pixels, the SD exposure, the FD acceptance.</li>
</ul>
<p>Pseudo-raw and reconstructed data are provided in JSON format. Reconstructed data are also available in CSV format, representing a “summary” of the JSON files and containing the information that is needed for analysis. Similarly, auxiliary data are in CSV format. Format description is available on <a href="https://opendata.auger.org/">the dedicated website</a>.</p>
<p>Tools</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://opendata.auger.org/display.php">Ready-to-use event display</a></li>
<li><a href="https://opendata.auger.org/analysis.php">Simple software</a>, reading the JSON and CSV files and producing examples of basic histograms of different data parameters</li>
<li><a href="https://opendata.auger.org/analysis.php">Analysis examples</a>, reading the reconstructed data and producing derived data and graphs</li>
</ul>
<p>Other Auger Open Data</p>
<ul>
<li>All <a href="https://auger.org/index.php/science/journal-articles">Auger publications</a> are available as Open Access. Some of them also include Open Data in the form of additional tables, plots, graphs.</li>
</ul>
<p>Disclaimer</p>
<ul>
<li>The Open Data are released under the (<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>) International License.</li>
<li>All datasets have a unique DOI that you are requested to cite in any applications or publications.</li>
<li>The Auger Collaboration does not endorse any work, scientific or otherwise, produced using these data, even if available on, or linked from, this portal.</li>
<li>The spreadsheet-based datasets allow the user to undertake basic analyses. More complex analyses however require some knowledge of the underlying physics and of the instruments.</li>
<li>The analysis methods, including the reconstruction of the data, have evolved over time, and will continue to evolve. The reconstructed Open Data are processed with the most up-to-date software. Updates are thus foreseen, for either the reconstructed data or the software needed to analyse them. These will be detailed in later releases.</li>
<li>If you are interested in joining or working with the Auger Collaboration, please contact [email protected].</li>
</ul>
<p>Policy </p>
<p>The policy of the Auger Collaboration on Data Release and Open Access can be found <a href="https://opendata.auger.org/AugerOpenDataPolicy.pdf">here</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Contact</strong></p>
<p>For any question/doubt about these data, feel free to check the <a href="https://opendata.auger.org/about.php">contact page</a> of our website or directly write to [email protected].</p>
<p> </p>
Material for the analyses presented in "Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays above 32 EeV from Phase One of the Pierre Auger Observatory"
No full textMaterial for the analyses presented in "Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays above 32 EeV from Phase One of the Pierre Auger Observatory "
This material includes the codes used to produce the results reported in the paper. A detailed description of the code can be found in appendix B of the paper and in the README file in the code. This material also includes the catalogs used for targeted searches of correlations. These are described in detail in the appendix C of the paper.
Required externals
This code is mostly written in C++ and requires some external software to work:
- Cern ROOT v6.xx {https://root.cern} is needed in all of the analyses to create and fill histograms, functions, and use formulas.
- HEALPix v3.xx {https://healpix.sourceforge.io/downloads.php} is a sky pixelization software needed in the blind and catalog-based searches.
- Python3 or Python 2.7 is necessary for recursion scripts and figure plotting.
Disclaimer
This material is released under the (CC BY-SA 4.0) International License.
This material has a unique DOI that you are requested to cite in any applications or publications.
The Auger Collaboration does not endorse any work, scientific or otherwise, produced using this material, even if available on, or linked from, this portal.
If you are interested in joining or working with the Auger Collaboration, please contact [email protected].
Policy
The policy of the Auger Collaboration on Data Release and Open Access can be found here.
Contact
For any question/doubt about this material, feel free to write to [email protected]
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Improving interoperability in distributed and physical union catalogues through co-ordination of cataloguing and indexing policies : report for work package B of the JISC CC-interop project
No full textThis report addresses section 7.2.4 (Guidelines and Strategy for Cataloguing and Indexing Standards) of the CC-interop project plan and fulfills deliverable B3 of work
package B
jDHBenelux Author Template
No full textThis repository contains the latest official GitHub hosted versions of the LaTeX template that authors are required to use when they finalize their contribtions to the DH Benelux Journal. The repository synchronises with the corresponding easy-to-use and well-documented Overleaf Template that provides authors with a low threshold environment for writing LaTeX – but can be used with any LaTeX compiler.
About this Release: Apart from some minor changes to the .cls, v2.0 introduces a number of new files to improve open source development with git and GitHub, including a README, a CC-BY 4.0 License, and a .gitignore file. It also prepares the repository for synchronisation with Zenodo, to improve sustainability.
Full Changelog: https://github.com/DHBenelux/jDHBenelux-author-template/compare/v1.1...v2.
Channel-specific core-valence projectors for determining partial Auger decay widths
No full textAuger decay is a relaxation process of core-vacant states in atoms and
molecules, in which one valence electron fills the core vacancy while a second
one is emitted. These states pose a challenge to electronic-structure theory,
because they are embedded in the ionization continuum. Recently, we showed that
molecular Auger decay can be described using complex-variable coupled-cluster
(CC) methods and that partial widths and branching ratios can be computed based
on a decomposition of the CC energy. Here, we introduce channel-specific
core-valence projectors, dubbed Auger channel projectors, as a more general
technique to evaluate partial widths from complex-variable treatments. We apply
this new method to core-ionized states of neon, water, ammonia, and methane
using CC singles and doubles (CCSD), equation-of-motion ionization potential
CCSD, and configuration interaction singles (CIS) wave functions. Even though a
single CIS calculation can never describe all Auger decay channels at once, we
show that a combination of CIS calculations based on different reference states
is able to recover partial and total decay widths from CC calculations to an
excellent degree
Channel-specific core-valence projectors for determining partial Auger decay widths
No full textAuger decay is a relaxation process of core-vacant states in atoms and molecules, in which one valence electron fills the core vacancy while a second one is emitted. These states pose a challenge to electronic-structure theory, because they are embedded in the ionisation continuum. Recently, we showed that molecular Auger decay can be described using complex-variable coupled-cluster (CC) methods and that partial widths and branching ratios can be computed based on a decomposition of the CC energy. Here, we introduce channel-specific core-valence projectors, dubbed Auger channel projectors, as a more general technique to evaluate partial widths from complex-variable treatments. We apply this new method to core-ionised states of neon, water, ammonia and methane using CC singles and doubles (CCSD), equation-of-motion ionisation potential CCSD and configuration interaction singles (CIS) wave functions. Even though a single CIS calculation can never describe all Auger decay channels at once, we show that a combination of CIS calculations based on different reference states is able to recover partial and total decay widths from CC calculations to an excellent degree.</p
Scalar soliton quantization with generic moduli
No full textThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credArticle funded by SCOAP3. CP is
a Royal Society Research Fellow and partly supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
under grants DOE-SC0010008, DOE-ARRA-SC0003883 and DOE-DE-SC0007897. ABR
is supported by the Mitchell Family Foundation. We would like to thank the Mitchell
Institute at Texas A&M and the NHETC at Rutgers University respectively for hospitality
during the course of this work. We would also like to acknowledge the Aspen Center
for Physics and NSF grant 1066293 for a stimulating research environment which led to
questions addressed in this paper
Faktor odjeka geoinformatičkih CC-časopisa
No full textCC journals are an abbreviation for journals included into the Current Contents (CC) bibliographic base. CC is the most popular bibliographic database in Croatia. Its popularity is due to relatively strict criteria of journal selection, coverage of all scientific fields, frequent updates, paper abstracts/summaries, author addresses, publisher names and addresses, possibility to review content of journal issues, and additional key words which facilitate searches (On line databases, Manual, http://www.online-baze.hr/ob/novosti; link on the right side of the title page).CC-časopisi je skraćeni naziv za časopise uvrštene u bibliografsku bazu Current Contents (CC). CC je u Hrvatskoj najpopularnija bibliografska baza. Razlozi njezine popularnosti relativno su visoki kriteriji odabira časopisa, pokrivenost svih područja znanosti, učestalost ažuriranja, sažetak rada, adrese autora, nazivi i adrese izdavača, mogućnost pregleda sadržaja pojedinog broja časopisa, te dodatne ključne riječi koje unapređuju pretraživanje (On line baze podataka, Priručnik, http://www.onlinebaze. hr/ob/novosti; poveznica na desnoj strani naslovne stranice)
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