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Deep vein thrombosis in a medical ward: Incidence and Risk factors
Get PDFINTRODUCTION:
A “Thrombus” is defined as a blood clot lodged in the blood vessel. When the pathologic processes overwhelm the regulatory mechanisms of hemostasis, there is excessive formation of thrombin, initiating thrombosis. The thrombus can cause vascular occlusion
Deep venous thrombosis is blood clot in the larger veins. They usually involve the veins of the lower limb. Ocasionally, the clot from the lower limb can dislodge and travel along the venous system, the heart and get occluded in the pulmonary vasculature. This is called pulmonary embolism.
Venous thromboembolism is a term that includes both, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, which in itself, is a sequele of the former.
Deep venous thrombosis is defined as formation of a blood clot in the deep venous system. A deep venous thrombosis can occur either in the upper limbs or the lower limbs. In the lower limbs, the deep venous thrombosis is classified as either proximal, involving the femoral vein and distal involving the popliteal veins. The proximal lower limb deep venous thrombosis is usually associated with serious chronic diseases such as malignancies, biventricular failure and acute respiratory distress; whereas, distal lower limb deep venous thrombosis is associated with transient risk factors such as recent surgery, immobilization and travel.
OBJECTIVES:
Primary Objective: The incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients admitted to a medical ward.
Secondary Objective:
1. To assess the risk factors for development of deep vein thrombosis in patients admitted to a medical ward
2. To assess the outcome of patients who developed deep vein thrombosis in a medical ward.
METHODS:
This is a prospective observational study with a cohort design which looked at the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients admitted in a medical ward under Medicine 2, CMC Vellore, over a period of 9 months. We included patients aged more than 18 years admitted in a medical ward of Medicine 2 from October 2014 to May 2015. We excluded patients who had a preexisting deep vein thrombosis or a pulmonary embolism and patients on therapeutic anticoagulation. A bedside ultrasound machine was used for screening for deep vein thrombosis. The principal investigator looked at the compressibility of internal jugular, axillary, femoral and popliteal veins. Non-compressibility of the vein comapred to the artery was suggestive of thrombosis.. The sample size was calculated to include 220 patients.
RESULTS:
Among the 43 patients included in the study, 3(6.98%) patients developed deep vein thrombosis. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 7.48 per 1000 patient days.
The most common site of deep vein thrombosis was the femoral vein. One patient developed a central venous catheter associated deep vein thrombosis. Multivariate analysis showed that duration of hospital stay more than 7 days was associated with higher risk of development of deep vein thrombosis.
CONCLUSIONS:
The incidence of depe vein thrombosis among patients admitted in a medical ward of a tertiary care hospital in South India was 7.48 per 1000 patient-days.
Hospital admission of more than 7 days was found to be a significant independent risk factor for development of deep vein thrombosis in our study.
Hence, deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis should be considered in patients whose hospital stay exceeds 7 days
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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