1,721,013 research outputs found
Kidney Diseases and Pregnancy: A Multidisciplinary Approach for Improving Care by Involving Nephrology, Obstetrics, Neonatology, Urology, Diabetology, Bioethics, and Internal Medicine
Full text linkThis multidisciplinary series is aimed at offering readers many opportunities to appreciate how a clinical and ethical approach to pregnancy has changed in patients with kidney diseases and with related conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, and immunologic diseases. Furthermore, this series aims to focus on the fact that many issues remain unreslved, that there are enormous gaps in knowledge, and that the bioethical approach needs to integrated in the clinical
practice, which would allow for a deeper appreciation of different cultural and religious backgrounds. Much still needs to be done to allow women suffering from all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those with predisposed conditions, so that they may experience safe pregnancies, starting from an increased awareness of the importance of CKD, even in its early stages, to the detection of risk factors. Women who have experienced preeclampsia or acute kidney injury in pregnancy need to have follow-up checks. The role of urinary infections, kidney stones, and urinary malformations
is not fully acknowledged, nor have univocal control schedules and treatment schemas yet been defined for the different kidney diseases. In this regard, the fight for equitable treatment for all women with acute or chronic kidney disease in pregnancy and for the widespread prevention of adverse pregnancy-related and long-term outcomes is ultimately a battle for equitable healthcare
Pregnancy and Kidney Diseases: Multidisciplinary Follow-Up and the Vicious Circles Involving Pregnancy and CKD, Preeclampsia, Preterm Delivery and the Kidneys
Full text linkThomas Addis, the father of nephrology, once wrote that a clinician is complex, "he is part craftsman, part practical scientist, and part historian" [...]
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
What a paediatric nephrologist should know about preeclampsia and why it matters
No full textPreeclampsia is a protean syndrome causing a kidney disease characterised by hypertension and proteinuria, usually considered transitory and reversible after delivery. Its prevalence ranges from 3–5 to 10% if all the related disorders are considered. This narrative review, on behalf of the Kidney and Pregnancy Study Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology, focuses on three reasons why preeclampsia should concern paediatric nephrologists and how they can play an important role in its prevention, as well as in the prevention of future kidney and cardiovascular diseases. Firstly, all diseases of the kidney and urinary tract diagnosed in paediatric age are associated with a higher risk of adverse pregnancy-related outcomes, including preeclampsia. Secondly, babies with low birth weights (small for gestational age, born preterm, or both) have an increased risk of developing the full panoply of metabolic diseases (obesity, hypertension, early-onset cardiopathy and chronic kidney disease) and girls are at higher risk of developing preeclampsia when pregnant. The risk may be particularly high in cases of maternal preeclampsia, highlighting a familial aggregation of this condition. Thirdly, pregnant teenagers have a higher risk of developing preeclampsia and the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and should be followed up as high risk pregnancies. In summary, preeclampsia has come to be seen as a window on the future health of both mother and baby. Identification of subjects at risk, early counselling and careful follow-up can contribute to reducing the high morbidity linked with this disorder
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis indicates long-term risk of chronic and end-stage kidney disease after preeclampsia
Full text linkPreeclampsia is a pregnancy-related syndrome of variable severity, classically characterized by acute kidney involvement, with hypertension and/or proteinuria and reduced kidney function. Once considered a self-limited disease healed by delivery, it is now acknowledged that preeclampsia can affect cardiovascular and kidney health in the long term. The entity of risk has not been established and consequently follow-up policies have not been defined. Here we undertook a systematic review to gain better insights into the need for post-preeclampsia follow-up. Articles published between January 2000 and March 2018 were selected, dealing with at least 20 preeclampsia patients, with follow-up of 4 years or more (MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library). No quality selection or language restriction was performed. Of the 10,510 titles and abstracts originally considered, 21 papers were selected, providing information on 110,803 cases with and 2,680,929 controls without preeclampsia, with partial overlap between studies on the same databases. Heterogeneity was high, and a random meta-analytic model selected. The increase in risk of end stage renal disease after preeclampsia was significant (meta-analytic risk ratios (95% confidence interval) 6.35 (2.73-14.79)); the risk of albuminuria and chronic kidney disease increased but statistical significance was not reached (4.31 (0.95-19.58) and 2.03 (0.58-7.32), respectively). Translating meta-analytic risk into the number of patients who need follow-up to detect one adverse event, 310 patients with preeclampsia are needed to identify one woman with end stage renal disease or four to identify one woman with albuminuria. Heterogeneity in definitions, insufficient follow-up and incomplete recruitment may account for discrepancies. Thus, preeclampsia significantly increases the risk of end stage renal disease. However, there is lack of sufficient data to show a relationship between preeclampsia, albuminuria and chronic kidney disease, underlining the need for further prospective studies
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