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El pasillo elevado como espacio de soporte para la conformación de la vecindad de la Unidad Vecinal Portales
Get PDFLa emblemática Unidad Vecinal Portales (UVP) ha sido objeto de múltiples críticas urbano/arquitectónicas acerca del deterioro de sus espacios públicos del suelo a lo largo del tiempo, y, por ende, su deterioro social. Aun así, la UVP no es solo su suelo, y la memoria colectiva de sus vecinos demuestra más bien los resultados de una arquitectura pensada para promover la convivencia vecinal. En el presente artículo se estudia la relación entre la tipología y espacialidad arquitectónica moderna de los senderos y pasillos elevados del conjunto habitacional, con las prácticas sociales y comunitarias de sus vecinos, en donde la escala del espacio semipúblico es de particular importancia en la conformación de una vecindad en un proyecto tan grande como la UVP.Versión original del auto
The Esplanade and the Garden : Urban Transformations around the Plaza de Armas in Santiago, Chile, 1859-1893
No full textCette thèse tente d'étudier les différentes dimensions du changement physique, tout d'abord, mais aussi social, politique et culturel dans la ville de Santiago à un moment clé de sa consolidation dans le système des villes du Chili du XIXe siècle, une période qui, selon différents points de vue, a été identifiée par l'historiographie classique comme celle qui a permis à la société chilienne de passer d'un état de précarité relative à un état de prééminence dans le contexte des nations latino-américaines. Pour comprendre ce phénomène, l'attention se porte sur certaines parties importantes du contexte urbain, en partant du constat que le tissu de la ville n'est pas un tissu homogène, mais qu'il est constitué d'un plan général d'où émergent certains éléments, espaces ou bâtiments qui portent en eux une charge de représentation qui les distingue des autres. L'un de ces éléments importants de la ville de Santiago a été, tout au long de son histoire, la Plaza de Armas, en tant que point d'origine du tracé et en tant qu'espace de concentration des diverses et successives charges de signification des pouvoirs - politique, religieux, social et commercial - qui se sont rassemblés autour d'elle dans une structure variable de proximité et de proéminence.C'est donc à partir de cette pièce urbaine que la présente thèse tente une compréhension générale des processus de transformation urbaine dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, associés à la transformation de l'architecture des bâtiments qui l'entourent, des usages qu'elle a reçus et des physionomies que son espace central a acquises, principalement à partir des actions de transformation des éléments d'urbanisme disposés à l'intérieur - végétal et symbolique. Pour ce faire, il sera nécessaire de prendre la place comme un cas, c'est-à-dire comme un élément capable de générer un problème et pouvant servir de prototype par rapport à d'autres cas, réels ou fictifs, avec lesquels il établit des règles de normalité ou d'exception. Ainsi, il sera important, dans la construction des arguments de cette thèse, la relation que la place de Santiago a avec la typologie de la place principale hispano-américaine et le rôle prototypique qu'elle a rempli dans la structure de la ville tout au long de l'histoire.This thesis attempts to investigate the different dimensions of physical change, firstly, but also social, political and cultural change in the city of Santiago at a key moment of its consolidation in the system of cities in nineteenth-century Chile, a period that from various points of view has been identified by classical historiography as one that allowed Chilean society to move from a state of relative precariousness to one of pre-eminence in the context of Latin American nations.In order to understand this phenomenon, attention is focused on certain relevant parts of the urban context, based on the observation that the fabric of the city is not a homogeneous fabric, but is made up of a general plan from which certain elements, spaces or buildings emerge that carry with them a load of representation that makes them stand out from the rest. One of these relevant pieces in the city of Santiago has been, constantly throughout its history, the Plaza de Armas, as the point of origin of the layout and as a space of concentration of diverse and successive loads of significance of the powers - political, religious, social and commercial - that have congregated around it in a variable structure of proximity and prominence.It is, then, from this urban piece that the present thesis attempts a general understanding of the processes of urban transformation in the second half of the 19th century, associated with the transformation of the architecture of its surrounding buildings, of the uses that it has received and of the physiognomies that its central space has acquired, mainly from the actions of transformation of elements of urban design arranged in its interior -vegetable and symbolic. To do this, it will be necessary to take the square as a case, that is, as an element that is capable of generating a problem and that can be used as a prototype in relation to other cases, real or fictitious, with which it establishes rules of normality or exception. Thus, it will be important, in the construction of the arguments of this thesis, the relation that the square of Santiago has with the typology of the Spanish-American main square and the prototypical role that it has fulfilled in the structure of the city throughout history
Arquitectura en el Chile del siglo XX Volumen 2
Get PDFHa sido publicado el segundo volumen del libro Arquitectura en el Chile del siglo XX, que continúa el proyecto de cuatro volúmenes con los que Fernando Pérez Oyarzun repasa el desarrollo de la arquitectura moderna en Chile
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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