67,510 research outputs found
The Extended Atkinson Family and Changes in the Expenditure Distribution: Spain 1973/74-2003
No full textThis paper emphasizes the properties of a family of inequality measures which extends the Atkinson indices and is axiomatically characterized by a multiplicative decomposition property where the withingroup component is a generalized weighted mean with weights summing exactly to 1. This family contains canonical forms of all aggregative inequality measures, each bounded above by 1, has a useful and intuitive geometric interpretation and provides an alternative dominance criterion for ordering distributions in terms of inequality. Taking the Spanish Household Budget Surveys (HBS) for 1973/74, 1980/81, and 1990/91 and the more recent Continuous HBS for 2003, we show the advantages and possibilities of this extended family in regard to completing and detailing information in studies of inequality focussing on the tails of the distribution and on the changes in the distribution when the population is partitioned into population subgroups.inequality measurement, Atkinson indices
Shaping Ramps for Data-Intensive Research
No full textAn 'Intellectual Ramp' enables researchers to move incrementally from their current practice into the adoption of new methods. An investigation of Ramps is an important step towards "crossing the chasm" so that researchers can benefit from new tools, technologies and approaches. This paper will define and explain the concept of Ramps, discuss requirements and the anatomy of Ramps, and propose a measurement framework illustrated by examples to improve the understanding of why ramps work
Exploring the relation between spatial structure and wavelength: implications for sampling reflectance in the field
No full textRecently, the variogram has been used to represent the spatial dependence in remotely sensed data obtained from ground-based, airborne and satellite-borne sensors. The variogram may be used in a variety of techniques such as kriging, cokriging, and conditional simulation and, in particular, optimal sampling design. However, little is known about the relation between spatial variation (summarized by the variogram) and spectral wavelength. Therefore, an investigation was undertaken to determine the relation between spatial dependence and wavelength for two field sites in England: one at Middlebere Heath on the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, and the other at the Isle of Grain, Kent. At both sites, visible and near-infrared reflectance spectra comprising 252 wavebands were obtained using a Spectron SE-590TM spectroradiometer for 100 observations spaced 1m apart along 100m transects. Variograms were computed for 235 wavebands and these plotted as a three-dimensional surface. The resulting surfaces revealed changes with wavelength not only in the amount, but also in the scales of spatial variation. The spatial variation in all 235 wavelengths was approximately two-dimensional for both case studies. The implication for the design of optimal strategies with which to sample reflectance in the field is that two (and only two) sample spacings are necessary to sample all 235 waveband
Speech of Senator Frank E. Moss (D-Utah) at annual Wisconsin Second District dinner, Fort Atkinson, Saturday, April 15, 1961
No full textTypescript (52 pages) text of a speech by Utah Senator Frank E. Moss delivered at the annual dinner of Wisconsin Second District Democrats in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, on 15 April 1961. He stated that the subject of his talk was "the conscience of a liberal.
Investigating the spatial linkage of primary school performance and catchment characteristics
No full textThis paper is concerned explicitly with spatial aspects of primary school performance results in northern England. In particular, the effect of the data framework (e.g. the area of each individual observation and the spatial arrangement of observations as an ensemble) on observed relationships between school performance and catchment characteristics is investigated. This work is particularly relevant to the interpretation of more substantive studies involving observed relationships that necessarily depend upon the data framework. Five geometric approaches to catchment area definition are evaluated in conjunction with a simple regression model. These approaches to the spatial linkage problem are compared to an autoregressive modelling approach, in which the structure of the spatial data is treated as part of the modelling process rather than a separate spatial allocation problem. <br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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