30 research outputs found
Assembled Monolayers Depends upon the Roughness of the Substrate and the Orientation of the Terminal Moiety
No full textThe origin of the odd even effect in properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and/or technologies derived from them is poorly understood. We report that hydrophobicity and, hence, surface wetting of SAMs are dominated by the nature of the substrate (surface roughness and identity) and SAM tilt angle, which influences surface dipoles/orientation of the terminal moiety. We measured static contact angles (theta(s)) made by water droplets on n-alkanethiolate SAMs with an odd (SAM(O)) or even (SAM(E)) number of carbons (average theta(s) range of 105.8-112.1 degrees). When SAMs were fabricated on smooth "template-stripped" metal (M-TS) surfaces [root-mean-square (rms) roughness = 0.36 +/- 0.01 nm for Au-TS and 0.60 +/- 0.04 nm for Ag-TS], the odd-even effect, characterized by a zigzag oscillation in values of theta(s), was observed. We, however, did not observe the same effect with rougher "as-deposited" (M-AD) surfaces (rms roughness = 2.27 +/- 0.16 nm for Au-AD and 5.13 +/- 0.22 nm for Ag-AD). The odd-even effect in hydrophobicity inverts when the substrate changes from Au-TS (higher theta(s) for SAM(E) than SAM(O), with average Delta theta(s) (vertical bar n - (n + 1)vertical bar) approximate to 3 degrees) to Ag-TS (higher theta(s) for SAM(O) than SAM(E), with average Delta theta(s) (vertical bar n - (n + 1)vertical bar) approximate to 2 degrees). A comparison of hydrophobicity across Ag-TS and Au-TS showed a statistically significant difference (Student's t test) between SAM(E) (Delta theta(s) (vertical bar Ag evens - Au evens vertical bar) approximate to 5 degrees; P 0.1). From these results, we deduce that the roughness of the metal substrate (from comparison of M-AD versus M-TS) and orientation of the terminal -CH2CH3 (by comparing SAM(E) and SAM(O) on Au-TS versus Ag-TS) play major roles in the hydrophobicity and, by extension, general wetting properties of n-alkanethiolate SAMs.Reprinted with permission from Newcomb, Lucas B., Ian D. Tevis, Manza BJ Atkinson, Symon M. Gathiaka, Rafael E. Luna, and Martin Thuo. "Odd–even effect in the hydrophobicity of n-alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers depends upon the roughness of the substrate and the orientation of the terminal moiety." Langmuir 30, no. 40 (2014): 11985-11992, doi:10.1021/la5032569. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society.</p
Economic Inequality in Portugal: A Picture in the Beginnings of the 21st century
No full textThis article uses data from the 1994-2001 waves of the European Community Household Panel to study economic inequality in Portugal. It reports data on the Portuguese distributions of income, labor earnings, and capital income, and on related features of inequality, such as age, employment status, educational attainment, marital status and economic mobility. It also documents changes in inequality from 1994 to 2001, a period of economic expansion in Portugal. The statistical significance of the observed changes is assessed using non-parametric tests based on bootstrap techniques. The paper shows that income, earnings, and, very especially, capital income are very unequally distributed in Portugal. It also shows that over the sample years income and earnings inequality decreased, whilst capital income inequality tended to increase.Inequality; Income distribution; Labour earnings distribution; Capital income distribution
The prisoner's right to vote and civic responsibility: Reaffirming the social contract?
No full textCopyright © 2009 NAPOThis article considers the issue of the prisoner’s right to vote in the light of recent developments in law and policy. It critically reviews the purported justifications for disenfranchisement and argues that re-enfranchisement should be pursued on the grounds of both principle and policy
La notion du temps chez les Ngbaka Minagende
No full textL'auteur nous présente de manière presque intégrale la terminologie utilisée par les Ngbaka pour nommer toutes les divisions et subdivisions du temps: le jour, la semaine, le mois et l'année. Il évoque à côté des appellations en usage aujourd’hui, la terminologie historique d'avant l'arrivée de la culture occidentale. Pour ce qui regarde les noms des mois, il ajoute pour chacun’un d’eux la signification propre selon les opinion des interlocuteurs. Son analyse linguistique correcte fait de cette contribution également un outil pour les linguistes. En deux tableaux, il compare les noms des mois chez les Ngbaka et chez les Gbaya et Manza. Mots-clés: année, Gbaya, jour, mois, Ngbaka, semaine, terminologie. The author presents an almost complete terminology used by the Ngbaka to name all the divisions and subdivisions of time: the day, week, month and year. The names in use today are discussed, as well as the historical terminology dating back to the era before the arrival of Western culture. As for the names of the months, he adds for each one of them the proper signification according to the opinions of the interlocutors. An additional linguistic analysis of the relevant Ngbaka vocabulary renders the study also useful for linguists. In two tables the names of the months in Ngbaka and in Gbaya and Manza are compared. Keywords: day, Gbaya, month, Ngbaka, terminology, week, yea
The author’s presence in T. Stoppard’s play “Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead”
No full textУ статті досліджено стратегії взаємодії автора, тексту, читача на прикладі «Гамлета» В. Шекспіра та «Розенкранц і Гільденстерн мертві» Т. Стоппарда, виявлено способи трансформації шекспірівського тексту, який є першоосновою для стоппардівського. Проаналізовано текстові трансформації та ігрові конструкції, які залучає Стоппард у свій текст п’єси, що допомагає включити читача у драматичну дію твору. Досліджено умови комунікації автора з читачем/глядачем на текстовому рівні, розглянуто способи організації подій, побудови дії, створення композиційної єдності та встановимо, що дає читачеві можливість проявити свободу та обрати варіант інтерпретації п’єси.
Децентралізація лінії Гамлета, виведення другорядних персонажів на перший план підіймає перед читачем тему трагедії «маленької людини», а не великої непересічної особистості, яка є суголосою аудиторії ХХ століття, бо людина цього часу відчуває свою приреченість і безпорадність у світі, який сприймає як ворожий. Дана персонажна та тематична трансформація у тексті є проявом авторської позиції.
Стоппард послуговується у тексті метафорою театру як людського життя, сценарій якого визначений наперед фатумом, тому вибір є ілюзією, індивідуальні дії позбавлені сенсу. Автор трансформує рольову поведінку персонажів, надає їм нового значення, досліджує межі авторського контролю, свободи персонажів та змісту театрального мистецтва. Авторські міркування про суть театру, гри — це ілюстрація діалогу між традиційним театром та сучасними інтерпретаціями. Тема театру як дзеркала життя вводиться автором на підтекстовому рівні, гра є не просто театральною складовою, а трактується як життя. Іронія дозволяє Стоппарду уникнути пафосу та нудьги, його герої шукають відповіді на онтологічні питання, які приховані за маскою Гри. Через трансформовані сталі композиційні елементи, символіку гри, маски розкривається авторський підхід до сучасного прочитання шекспірівського тексту, акцентуація філософських мотивів та їх пристосування до сучасних онтологічних підходів робить п’єсу Стоппарда актуальною.The article examines the strategies of interaction between author, text, and reader on the example of “Hamlet” by W. Shakespeare and “Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead” by T. Stoppard, the ways of transformation of Shakespeare’s text, which is the primary basis for Stoppard’s text, are revealed. The textual transformations and game constructions that Stoppard uses in his text of the play are analyzed, which helps to involve the reader in the dramatic action of the work. The conditions of the author’s communication with the reader/viewer at the textual level are studied, the ways of organizing actions, building action, creating compositional unity are considered, and it is established that this gives the reader the opportunity to show freedom and choose the option of interpreting the play.
The decentralization of Hamlet’s line, bringing secondary characters to the forefront, raises the theme of the tragedy of the “little man” rather than a great outstanding personality, which resonates with the twentieth-century audience, because a person of this time feels doomed and helpless in a world that he perceives as hostile. This character and thematic transformation in the text is a manifestation of the author’s position.
In the text, Stoppard uses the metaphor of theater as a human life whose scenario is predetermined by fate, so choice is an illusion, and individual actions are meaningless. The author transforms the role behavior of the characters, gives them a new meaning, explores the limits of authorial control, character freedom, and the content of theater art. The author’s reflections on the essence of theater and play illustrate the dialog between traditional theater and contemporary interpretations. The theme of theater as a mirror of life is introduced by the author at the subtextual level; the game is not just a theatrical component, but is interpreted as life. Irony allows Stoppard to avoid pathos and boredom, his characters are looking for answers to ontological questions that are hidden behind the mask of the Game. The author’s approach to the modern reading of Shakespeare’s text is revealed through the trained and stable compositional elements, the symbolism of the game, and the mask; the emphasis on philosophical motifs and their adaptation to modern ontological approaches makes Stoppard’s play relevant
Incarceration and Its Effect on Political Beliefs
No full textabstract: This paper investigates whether incarceration has an effect on political orientation, addressing the hypothesis that the experience of incarceration also shapes the political behavior and attitudes of those who have been confined (Manza, Uggen 2006; Clear 2007; Travis 2005). The primary aim of the research is to identify what role, if at all, the penal system plays in how incarcerated individuals think about politics. The data relied on to reach conclusions about the incarcerated population derives from voluntary responses to a survey implemented within a company that hires formerly and currently incarcerated persons. I find that the majority of the sample I surveyed became more politically liberal as a result of incarceration and a vast majority want to participate in the political process. These findings corroborate my hypotheses regarding the effects of incarceration on political beliefs, but contradict my assumption regarding the effect of social capital on their desire to participate in politics
1D and 2D metal–organic frameworks functionalized with free pyridyl groups
No full textWe show that a molecule constructed from an organic solid-state synthesis, namely, rctt-1,3-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,4-bis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane (ht-2,4 ‘-tpcb) upon reaction with Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions gives one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of composition [Cu(hfac)(2)(2,4 ‘-tpcb-ht)](infinity) (where: hfac=hexafluoroacetylacetonate) (1) and [Zn(2,4 ‘-tpcb-ht)(2)(H2O)(2)](infinity)(2+), (2). Each MOF possesses uncoordinated, or free, 2-pyridyl groups that decorate the walls of each extended structure. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Visualization of Hyperconjugation and Subsequent Structural Distortions through 3D Printing of Crystal Structures
No full textRecommended from our members
Separation and enrichment of enantiopure from racemic compounds using magnetic levitation
No full textCrystallization of a solution with high enantiomeric excess can generate a mixture of crystals of the desired enantiomer and the racemic compound. Using a mixture of S-/RS-ibuprofen crystals as a model, we demonstrated that magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a useful technique for analysis, separation and enantioenrichment of chiral/racemic products.Chemistry and Chemical BiologyVersion of Recor
Separation and enrichment of enantiopure from racemic compounds using magnetic levitation
No full text
