1,720,979 research outputs found
Tuberous breast: Revised classification and a new hypothesis for its development
No full textThe tuberous breast classification proposed by Grolleau does not account for a minor form of the deformity characterized by isolated nipple-areola protrusion with a normal breast base. We have observed this minor form in six patients with normal breast shape and in ten patients with hypertrophic breasts. We propose an anatomical and physiological hypothesis for the development of the mammary gland. The breast is subjected to hormonal influences as early as the prepubertal period. These influences result in thrusting forces with both horizontal (estrogen) and vertical (progesterone) vectors, unfortunately not always balanced and harmonious. Close observation of the anomaly in our patients substantiated the basic anatomical defect, namely, the structural congenital dermal weakness of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) already described in all forms of tuberous breast deformity. This weakness explains the morphologic anomaly and confirms that all types of tuberous breast deformity constitute a spectrum of a single entity. It indicates also that the classification of tuberous breasts should include, in addition to the three types (types I-III) already described, a fourth type (type 0) to describe isolated simple areola protrusion, either permanent or intermittent, that is associated with a normal mammary base. The revised classification of tuberous breasts and the proposed hypothesis of breast development allow better assessment of all possible variants of breast morphologic anomalies. In the six cases of isolated herniated NAC, the deformity was corrected through a perinipple approach (not circumareolar), with adequate stable correction of the deformity and minimal scarring. Level of Evidence V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com-00266. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.Atiyeh BS, 1998, AESTHET PLAST SURG, V22, P284, DOI 10.1007-s002669900204; Bach AD, 2009, BREAST J, V15, P279, DOI 10.1111-j.1524-4741.2009.00717.x; Bass C B, 1978, Ann Plast Surg, V1, P402, DOI 10.1097-00000637-197807000-00007; Bostwick III J, 2000, PLASTIC BREAST SURG; DINNER MI, 1987, ANN PLAS SURG, V19, P414, DOI 10.1097-00000637-198711000-00005; ELLIOTT MP, 1988, ANN PLAS SURG, V20, P153, DOI 10.1097-00000637-198802000-00013; Foustanos A, 2006, AESTHET PLAST SURG, V30, P294, DOI 10.1007-s00266-005-0180-3; Gallegos M L, 1998, Aesthet Surg J, V18, P431, DOI 10.1016-S1090-820X(98)70072-X; Grolleau JL, 1999, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V104, P2040, DOI 10.1097-00006534-199912000-00014; GRUBER RP, 1980, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V65, P34, DOI 10.1097-00006534-198001000-00007; Hoehn JG, 1996, PLASTIC MAXILLOFACIA; Klinger M, 2011, CAN J PLAST SURG, V19, P42; Lalardrie JP, 1974, CHIRURG PLASTIQUE SE; Mandrekas AD, 2010, AESTHET SURG J, V30, P680, DOI 10.1177-1090820X10383397; Mandrekas AD, 2003, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V112, P1099, DOI 10.1097-01.PRS.0000076502.37081.28; Muti E, 1996, AESTHET PLAST SURG, V20, P385, DOI 10.1007-BF02390312; Nahabedian MY, 2011, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V127, P1701, DOI 10.1097-PRS.0b013e31820a7fa7; Pacifico MD, 2007, J PLAST RECONSTR AES, V60, P455, DOI 10.1016-j.bjps.2007.01.002; Panchapakesan V, 2009, AESTHET PLAST SURG, V33, P49, DOI 10.1007-s00266-008-9234-7; Persichetti P, 2001, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V107, P948, DOI 10.1097-00006534-200104010-00007; Rees T D, 1976, Clin Plast Surg, V3, P339; REYNAUD JP, 1990, ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH, V35, P453; Ribeiro L, 1998, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V101, P42, DOI 10.1097-00006534-199801000-00008; Ribeiro Liacyr, 2005, Aesthet Surg J, V25, P398, DOI 10.1016-j.asj.2005.05.013; Sohet C, 2007, ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH, V52, P187, DOI 10.1016-j.anplas.2007.02.007; Tanner JM, 1962, GROWTH ADOLESCENCE; TOPPER YJ, 1980, PHYSIOL REV, V60, P1049; Topper Y J, 1970, Recent Prog Horm Res, V26, P287; TORANTO IR, 1981, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V67, P642, DOI 10.1097-00006534-198105000-00012; VERSACI AD, 1991, AESTHET PLAST SURG, V15, P307, DOI 10.1007-BF02273878; vonHeimburg D, 1996, BRIT J PLAST SURG, V49, P339; WILLIAMS JE, 1981, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V67, P647; Zambacos GJ, 2006, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V118, P1667, DOI 10.1097-01.prs.0000244312.37791.c823
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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