7,711 research outputs found
How Vulnerable are Bangladesh’s Indigenous People to Climate Change?
No full textThis paper compares the vulnerabilities to climate change and climate variability of the indigenous people with the Bengali population of Bangladesh. It distinguishes between (a) individual vulnerabilities that are related to an individual’s capability to adapt to climate change and; (b) spatial vulnerabilities, that is, vulnerabilities that are related to the location of a person (like the exposure to climate change-induced disasters). While an individual’s capability to adapt to climate change is determined by many factors, some relatively simple approximation is to look at poverty, landlessness, and illiteracy. Spatial vulnerabilities are reviewed by looking at drought hazard maps, flood hazard maps, landslide hazard maps, and cyclone hazard maps. Hence, the paper compares levels of poverty, landlessness, illiteracy, and the more direct though also more subjective exposures to increased droughts, floods, landslides, and cyclones across the two population groups. The paper concludes with some broad suggestions on adaptation strategies of indigenous people as well as suggestions for policy interventions to reduce climate change-induced vulnerabilities for indigenous people in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT).Bangladesh, climate change, vulnerability
Intestinal obstruction caused by extraperitoneal cerebrospinal fluid collection
No full textExternal compression caused by a massive extra peritoneal cerebrospinal fluid
collection lead to intestinal obstruction in a 3-year-old child who had previously
had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for treatment of hydrocephalus.
Radiological findings and ways of preventing this situation are discussed. A
useful diagnostic radiological sign, the 'coiling sign', indicating shunt misplacement
at the peritoneal level, is also described.Corresponding Author:
Prof. Naim-Ur-Rahman
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine
PO Box 2925, Riyadh 11461 Saudi Arabia
Balancing carrots and sticks: incentives for sustainable hilsa fishery management in Bangladesh
No full textMihir Kanti Majumder, Md Mokammel Hossain, Atiq Rahman, Belayet Hussei
Pengurusan keselamatan dalam produksi teater Live Spectacle (NARUTO) dan dia Semanis Honey Muzikal dari perspektif teori domino / Mohamad Atiq Abdul Rahman
No full textKajian ilmiah ini mengkaji tentang Pengurusan Keselamatan dalam Produksi Teater Live Spectacle Naruto (2016) dan Dia Semanis Honey Muzikal (2017). Penulis menggunakan Teori Domino iaitu teori penyebab kemalangan dan penulis akan membuat hubung kait di dalam Pengurusan Keselamatan dalam Produksi Teater. Teori Domino menyatakan bahawa kemalangan adalah rentetan peristiwa dan berpunca daripada kecuaian individu. Percanggahan pendapat berkenaan teori wujud apabila pengkaji professional menyatakan Teori Domino dikaitkan dengan kemalangan yang berlaku disebabkan oleh kelemahan pengurusan. Penulis ingin mengenal pasti adakah teori ini tepat dan boleh dikaitkan di dalam produksi teater. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dimana penulis akan membuat pemerhatian terhadap dua produksi teater iaitu Teater Live Spectacle Naruto (2016) dan Dia Semanis Honey Muzikal (2017). Pemerhatian dilakukan mengikut setiap proses kerja yang dilakukan sepanjang produksi teater berlangsung dan penulis akan menfokuskan kepada Pengurusan Keselamatan dalam Produksi Teater. Kajian ini juga menggunakan kaedah temu bual untuk menambahkan lagi maklumat kajian sekaligus dapat membantu penulis mendapatkan hasil kajian. Penulis akan membuat kesimpulan dan rumusan berdasarkan segala hasil kajian yang diperoleh. Setiap pandangan dan pendapat yang diperoleh daripada hasil kajian akan menjawab segala persoalan kajian lantas dapat mencapai objektif kajian yang dikehendaki
"Niech będzie przeklęty Dostojewski!" : Atiq Rahimi i jego dialog z Fiodorem Michajłowiczem
No full textAtiq Rahimi (ur. 1962) - afgańsko-francuski pisarz i fotograf, absolwent renomowanego kabulskiego Liceum Esteqlāl, autor m.in. dwóch mikro-powieści: Ziemia i popioły oraz Kamień cierpliwości (nagrodzona Prix Goncourt), a także reżyser filmu na podstawie pierwszej, za który otrzymał w 2004 r. Prix du Regard vers l’Avenir na Festiwalu Filmowym w Cannes. Atiq Rahimi przez wiele lat mieszkał poza Afganistanem, początkowo w Pakistanie, następnie we Francji; do ojczyzny powrócił wkrótce po upadku reżymu Talibów, w 2002 r. Chociaż jako pisarz debiutował późno, bo dopiero pod koniec lat 90., to swoimi utworami wpisał się w historię najnowszej literatury afgańskiej. W 2011 r. ukazała się jego najnowsza powieść w języku francuskim – Maudit soit Dostoïevski (Niech będzie przeklęty Dostojewski!). Zgodnie z sugestią zawartą w tytule, powieść Atiqa Rahimiego wchodzi w dialog z tym XIX-wiecznym rosyjskim pisarzem. Raskolnikow zostaje Rasulem, Sonia – Sofią, Porfiry – kabulskimi policjantami, lichwiarka – stręczycielka/sutenerką. Atiq Rahimi uważa, że Zbrodnię i karę należy czytać właśnie w Afganistanie. Tezę swoją podpiera słowami Raskolnikowa, że jeśli Bóg nie istnieje, wszystko jest dozwolone. Przecież w dzisiejszym Afganistanie wiele jest dozwolone, a kraj, zdaniem wielu socjologów, jest przykładem kultury kałasznikowa, w której broń stanowi podstawowy (i często jedyny) środek rozwiązywania sporów, nawiązywania kontaktów i normowania relacji społecznych. Literacki dialog między oboma pisarzami jest tym ciekawszy, że, jak pisze Aliewtina S. Gierasimowa, współczesny Afganistan boryka się z poważnym drenażem kultury wywołanym masowym uchodźstwem rodzimej inteligencji. Wydaje się, że dobór partnera do dyskusji o palących problemach współczesnych Afgańczyków w postaci Fiodora M. Dostojewskiego jest najlepszym z możliwych
Current concepts on oxidative/carbonyl stress, inflammation and epigenetics in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. The current therapies for COPD are poorly effective and the mainstays of pharmacotherapy are bronchodilators. A better understanding of the pathobiology of COPD is critical for the development of novel therapies. In the present review, we have discussed the roles of oxidative/aldehyde stress, inflammation/immunity, and chromatin remodeling in the pathogenesis of COPD. An imbalance of oxidants/antioxidants caused by cigarette smoke and other pollutants/biomass fuels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD by regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB), autophagy and unfolded protein response leading to chronic lung inflammatory response. Cigarette smoke also activates canonical/alternative NF-κB pathways and their upstream kinases leading to sustained inflammatory response in lungs. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been shown to be critical for the development of COPD because the expression/activity of enzymes that regulate these epigenetic modifications have been reported to be abnormal in airways of COPD patients. Hence, the significant advances made in understanding the pathophysiology of COPD as described herein will identify novel therapeutic targets for intervention in COPD
Environmental toxicity, redox signaling and lung inflammation:the role of glutathione
No full textGlutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant thiol and is central to redox defense during oxidative stress. GSH metabolism is tightly regulated and has been implicated in redox signaling and also in protection against environmental oxidant-mediated injury. Changes in the ratio of the reduced and disulfide form (GSH/GSSG) can affect signaling pathways that participate in a broad array of physiological responses from cell proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis to gene expression that involve H(2)O(2) as a second messenger. Oxidative stress due to oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and also due to environmental oxidants is an important component during inflammation and respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and asthma. It is known to activate multiple stress kinase pathways and redox-sensitive transcription factors such as Nrf2, NF-kappaB and AP-1, which differentially regulate the genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the protective antioxidant genes. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms for the induction of antioxidants, such as GSH, versus pro-inflammatory mediators at sites of oxidant-directed injuries may allow for the development of novel therapies which will allow pharmacological manipulation of GSH synthesis during inflammation and oxidative injury. This article features the current knowledge about the role of GSH in redox signaling, GSH biosynthesis and particularly the regulation of transcription factor Nrf2 by GSH and downstream signaling during oxidative stress and inflammation in various pulmonary diseases. We also discussed the current therapeutic clinical trials using GSH and other thiol compounds, such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine, fudosteine, carbocysteine, erdosteine in environment-induced airways disease
Optimizing electronic cooling: Harnessing potentials of impinging jet flows with metal foam heat sinks for superior thermal management
No full textEffective heat dissipation is essential for cooling power-intensive chips and densely packed electronics with significant heat output such as those used in data centers. This study explores the hybrid thermal management strategies that combine the use of impinging jet flow (IJF) and high-porosity metal foam (MF) heat sinks to enhance convective heat transfer. Unlike conventional jet cooling systems, the integration of metal foam introduces a highly conductive, porous medium that amplifies surface area, promotes flow mixing, and accelerates thermal diffusion — resulting in 1 - 2 times higher heat transfer compared to clear cases (CC). A 2D axisymmetric numerical model is developed in ANSYS Fluent using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the standard k-ε turbulence model. The setup features a single circular nozzle, aluminum target plate, aluminum metal foams with air as a cooling fluid. Key parameters including nozzle-to-plate spacing (IH = 2.8 – 8.5), Peclet number (Pe = 2200 – 17,000), and foam porosity (ε = 0.90 – 0.95) — are systematically varied. The findings indicate that minimizing porosity and internal heating (IH) substantially enhances heat transfer performance. A novel correlation for average Nusselt number (Nu ̅) has been developed, accompanied by an enhancement factor that quantifies the thermal improvement across the analyzed configurations. This work provides a robust framework for optimizing hybrid cooling systems and can be extended to explore alternative working fluids, foam geometries, and transient thermal loads in future studies
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