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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The effect of verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of saxagliptin in healthy and type 2 diabetes modeled rats
No full textDiabetes Mellitus (DM) kronik hiperglisemi ile seyreden, insülin sekresyonunda tamamen ya da kısmen eksiklik ile karakterize metabolik bir hastalıktır. İnsülin sekresyonunda kısmen azalma ve/veya perifer dokularda insülin direnci ile karakterize olan ve diyabet vakalarının yaklaşık %90’ını oluşturan şekli ise Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)’dir. T2DM hastalarının en önemli hastaneye yatış ve ölüm nedeni olarak kardiyovasküler yan etkiler gösterilmektedir. Bir dipeptidil peptidaz-4 (DPP-4) inhibitörü olan saksagliptinin, T2DM hastalarında glisemik kontrolü sağlamak amacıyla kullanımı önerilir. Verapamil ise bir kalsiyum kanal blokörü olup; hipertansiyon, supraventriküler taşiaritmi ve anjina pektoris gibi kardiyovasküler rahatsızlıklarda kullanımı önerilir. Bu çalışmada sağlıklı ve T2DM modeli oluşturulmuş ratlarda verapamilin, saksagliptinin farmakokinetiği üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada dört farmakokinetik çalışma grubuna (n=192) ek olarak metot validasyon çalışmaları (n=20) ile beraber toplam 212 adet erkek Wistar Albino ırkı rat kullanıldı. Sağlıklı saksagliptin (SS, n=48), sağlıklı verapamil + saksagliptin (SVS, n=48), diyabetik saksagliptin (DS, n=48) ve diyabetik verapamil + saksagliptin (DVS, n=48) grupları farmakokinetik çalışma gruplarını oluşturdu. Ayrıca farmakokinetik çalışma gruplarında, farmakodinamik farklılıkların belirlenmesi için kan glikoz düzeyleri araştırıldı. Etkileşim gruplarındaki ratlara verapamil yedi gün boyunca 10 mg/kg dozunda, saksagliptin ise tüm gruplara sekizinci gün tek doz 20 mg/kg dozunda gastrik gavaj yardımıyla oral yolla uygulandı. Plazma saksagliptin ve 5-hidroksi saksagliptin (5-HS) düzeyleri, yüksek basınçlı sıvı kromatografisi-UV kullanılarak belirlendi. Farmakokinetik parametreleri hesaplamak için bölmesiz metot kullanıldı. SS grubunda saksagliptinin yarılanma ömrü (t1/2λz) 3,97 saat; eğri altında kalan alan (EAA0-∞) değeri 22,84 saat*μg/mL; ortalama kalış süresi (MRT0-∞) 5,11 saat; total klerensi (Cl/F) 875,3 mL/saat/kg; dağılım hacmi (Vdalan/F) 5017,51 mL/kg; doruk konsantrasyonu (Cdoruk) 4,8 ± 1,07 μg/mL ve doruk konsantrasyona ulaşma süresi (Tdoruk) ise 1,5 saat olarak belirlendi. Diyabet ve verapamilin kombine etkisiyle saksagliptine ait t1/2λz ve EAA0-∞ değerlerinde artış gözlenirken; Cl/F değerinde düşüş belirlendi. Verapamil uygulaması ve diyabetik durumun varlığı, saksagliptine ait Cdoruk değerinde artış; Tdoruk değerinde ise düşüşe neden oldu. Metabolit-Ana ilaç Oranı [MAO: (EAA0-∞(5-HS) / EAA0-∞(Saksagliptin))] SS, SVS, DS ve DVS grupları arasında sırasıyla 2,85; 1,5; 2,09 ve 1,01 değerlerinde tespit edildi. Saksagliptin uygulaması ile tüm gruplarda kan glikoz düzeylerinin azaldığı, verapamil ön tedavisi gören gruplardaki azalmanın da daha yüksek oranlarda gerçekleştiği tespit edildi. Verapamilin kan glikoz düzeylerindeki düşüşe katkısı diyabetik rat gruplarında, sağlıklı rat gruplarına kıyasla daha yüksek sayıda örnekleme zamanında istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı. Diyabetik hastalarda verapamil, saksagliptinin terapötik etkinliğini artırabilir. Ancak bu çalışmada saksagliptinin tek doz kullanılması ve sınırlı sayıda rat üzerinde gerçekleştirilmesi sebebiyle, farmakokinetik ve farmakodinamik verilerin farklı popülasyonlarda tekrarlı uygulama ile ortaya çıkacak sonuçlarla tespit edilmesi ve bu sonuçların hangi mekanizmalar üzerinden şekillendiğinin belirlenmesi, T2DM hastalarında saksagliptin ve verapamil kullanımlarına katkı sağlayacaktır.Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and a complete or partial deficiency in insulin secretion. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), which is characterized by a partial decrease in insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, and accounts for approximately 90% of diabetes cases. Cardiovascular side effects are shown as the most important cause of hospitalization and death in T2DM patients. Saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is recommended for use in T2DM patients to achieve glycemic control. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, is recommended for use in cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and angina pectoris. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of saxagliptin in healthy and T2DM modeled rats. In addition to the four pharmacokinetic study groups (n=192), a total of 212 male Wistar Albino rats with method validation studies (n=20) were used in the study. Healthy saxagliptin (HS, n=48), healthy verapamil + saxagliptin (HVS, n=48), diabetic saxagliptin (DS, n=48) and diabetic verapamil + saxagliptin (DVS, n=48) groups formed the pharmacokinetic study groups. In addition, blood glucose levels were investigated to determine pharmacodynamic differences in pharmacokinetic study groups. Verapamil was administered to the rats in the interaction groups at a dose of 10 mg/kg for seven days, and saxagliptin was administered orally to all groups at a single dose of 20 mg/kg on the eighth day with the help of gastric gavage. Plasma saxagliptin and 5-hydroxy saxagliptin (5-HS) levels were determined using high pressure liquid chromatography-UV. The non-compartmental method was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. The half-life (t1/2λz) of saxagliptin in the HS group was 3,97 hours, area under the curve (AUC0-∞) value 22,84 h*μg/mL, mean residence time (MRT0-∞) 5,11 hours, total clearance (Cl/F) 875,3 mL/hr/kg, volume of distribution (Vdarea/F) 5017,51 mL/kg, The peak concentration (Cpeak) was 4,8 ± 1,07 μg/mL and the time to reach the peak concentration (Tpeak) was 1,5 hours. With the combined effect of diabetes and verapamil, an increase was observed in the t1/2λz and AUC0-∞ values of saxagliptin, while a decrease was observed in the Cl/F value. Verapamil administration and the presence of a diabetic condition caused an increase in the Cpeak value of saxagliptin and a decrease in the Tpeak value. The values of Metabolite to Parent drug Ratio [MPR: (EAA0-∞(5-HS) / EAA0-∞(Saxagliptin))] were determined as 2,85; 1,5; 2,09 and 1,01 among the HS, HVS, DS and DVS groups, respectively. It was determined that blood glucose levels decreased in all groups with saxagliptin administration, and the decrease was higher in the groups treated with verapamil pre-treatment. The contribution of verapamil to the reduction in blood glucose levels was statistically significant in diabetic rat groups at a higher number of sampling times compared to healthy rat groups. In diabetic patients, verapamil may increase the therapeutic efficacy of saxagliptin. However, since saxagliptin was used in a single dose and was performed on a limited number of rats in this study, determining the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data with the results that will occur with repeated administration in different populations and determining the mechanisms by which these results are shaped will contribute to the use of saxagliptin and verapamil in T2DM patients.Bu tez çalışması; Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri
Koordinasyon Birimi (BAPK) Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No: “19.SAĞ.BİL.09
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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