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Caractéristiques anatomo-physiologiques de la glande mammaire chez la chamelle en Tunisie et son aptitude à la mécanisation de la traite
No full textThis thesis aims to study the machine milking ability of the Tunisian Maghrebi camel in order to identify the practices and milking management preserving and improving its dairy potential. Camels (Camelus dromedarius) have a quite developed udder and medium sized teats. Intensification of animal management resulted in increase milk production and udder and teats size. Teat length, teat diameter and udder depth were highly and positively correlated to milk yield. Similarly, teat length and diameter were highly and positively correlated to average and peak flow rates. A high heterogeneity of teat morphology was described (conical (41%), cylindrical (39%) and irregular (20%)). Furthermore, Maghrebi camel is characterized by a very small cistern (less than 5% of milk). In late lactation, teats were flaccid and empty prior to milk ejection which suggests the importance of pre-stimulation for a good milk ejection. Milk flow kinetics of dairy camels were classified into three typical patterns. Type 1 represents curves with one high and short peak of milk flow. Type 2 includes curves with a moderate milk flow rate and a larger plateau phase. Type 3 represents curves with lower milk flow rate and a relatively longer milking time. The ratio of the different milk flow kinetics was 40:38:22%, respectively for the types 1, 2 and 3. Animals with type 1 and type 2 patterns had good machine milking ability. In addition, high vacuum and low pulsation rate (48 kPa, 60 cpm) improve milking efficiency of dairy camels. This setting allows a rapid and complete emptying of the udder. While, milking at 38 kPa lengthens milking duration up to two times and reduces efficiency of milk removal (2.5 times less milk removed) indicating incomplete emptying of the udder. It has been clearly demonstrated that efficient machine milking of camels should include pre-stimulation, quick cluster’s attachment and calm milking surroundings in order to ensure rapid milk ejection, complete emptying of the udder and reduce incidence of bimodality.Le présent travail de thèse vise à étudier l’aptitude de la chamelle Maghrebi en Tunisie à la traite mécanique afin d’identifier les pratiques et la conduite de traite pour préserver voire optimiser son potentiel laitier. Il s’avère que la chamelle (Camelus dromedarius) possède une conformation de mamelle et des trayons assez développée. L’intensification de l’élevage s’est traduite par l’augmentation de la production laitière et le volume de la mamelle et des trayons. Des corrélations positives et hautement significatives entre la production laitière et le diamètre et la longueur du trayon, et la profondeur de la mamelle ont été mises en évidence. De même, les débits maximum et moyen du lait ont été positivement corrélés au diamètre et à la longueur du trayon. Une grande hétérogénéité de la forme des trayons a été décrite (conique (41%), cylindrique (39%) et irrégulière (20%)). Par ailleurs, la chamelle Maghrebi se caractérise par une citerne très réduite (inf. 5% du lait). En fin de lactation, les trayons sont flasques et vides avant éjection du lait suggérant l’importance de la pré-stimulation pour une bonne éjection du lait. Trois profils types de cinétique d’émission du lait ont été définis. Le type 1 représente les courbes ayant un pic élevé et court du débit de lait. Le type 2 inclut les courbes au débit modéré avec un plateau plus étendu. Le type 3 représente les courbes à faible débit et un temps de traite relativement long. Le ratio des 3 types est respectivement, de 40:38:22%. Les animaux aux profils type 1 et type 2 sont les plus aptes à la traite mécanique. Par ailleurs, un vide élevé et une pulsation faible (48 kPa, 60 cpm) s’avèrent efficaces pour une bonne traite de la chamelle. Ce couple vide/pulsation permet une vidange rapide et complète de la mamelle. D’ailleurs, à 38 kPa la durée de la traite s’étend jusqu’à 2 fois plus et l’extraction du lait chute jusqu’à 2,5 fois moins. Il a été démontré clairement qu’une traite efficace de la chamelle doit inclure la pré-stimulation, la pose rapide des gobelets trayeurs et un environnement calme durant la traite afin d’assurer une éjection rapide du lait, une vidange complète de la mamelle et réduire l’incidence des bimodalités
Effectiveness of gyroscopes and triaxial accelerometers paired with deep learning algorithms in detecting dairy camel behavior
No full textNowadays, the behavior of dairy camels in intensive systems has received little attention. This study is the first to use wearable sensors to predict camel behavior, filling a knowledge gap by providing information into their activities. A novel system using triaxial accelerometer and gyroscope sensor was developed to monitor and predict the behavior of six female Maghrebi dairy camels. Using a 10-second time window for data collection, this research effectively distinguishes between key behaviors such as feeding, ruminating, resting, and walking. Various deep learning techniques, including convolutional neural networks combined with long short-term memory (ConvLSTM), dense layer convolutional neural networks, and standalone long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, were used to analyze the data. Results indicate that, under our conditions, camels spent most of the study time feeding, with 33134 occurrences (444 minutes), followed by ruminating 11611 times (156 minutes) and resting 10487..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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