1,720,977 research outputs found
Bladder cancer: Management of NMI and muscle-invasive cancer
No full textBladder cancer is one of the most exciting urological cancers. It exists in two forms - non-muscle-invasive (Nmi) and muscle-invasive (Mi) disease. The difference in the clinical picture has been the focus of significant research in defining the molecular characteristics of urothelial cancer (Uc) of the bladder. This book provides an overview of the most hotly debated areas in bladder cancer. Authors have focused on the emerging role of markers for Nmi Uc and various ways of improving the efficacy of current chemotherapy in the first section. The second section has focused on the surgical aspects of Mi Uc. Two major areas of debate - the role of pelvic lymph node dissection and genital sparing surgery - are discussed in this section.https://ecommons.aku.edu/books/1118/thumbnail.jp
Acute urinary retention: A primary manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and organ confined prostate cancer
Get PDFTherapeutic efficacy of Dornier MPL 9000 for prevesical calculi as judged by efficiency quotient
No full textPurpose: To study the efficacy and safety of the Dornier MPL 9000 lithotripter in the treatment of prevesical calculi using real-time ultrasound monitoring and to see if efficacy is adequately judged by the efficiency quotient (EQ). Patients and Methods: Seventy-six patients underwent ultrasound-guided extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for prevesical calculi over a period of 43 months. Their age ranged from 8 to 68 (mean 37.6) years, and the male:female ratio was 2.6:1. The size of the stones, measured in two dimensions, ranged from 4 to 25 mm (mean 9.3 mm) and 2 to 15 mm (mean 6.0 mm). No general or regional anesthesia or ureteral stents were used, and all patients were treated in the prone position. The EQ was calculated using the formula: Stone free (%) x 100/(100 + retreatment rate (%) + auxiliary procedures (%).Results: Seventy patients were stone free in a mean time of 15 +/- 14.11 days. The average number of shockwaves used was 2,831 +/- 1,612, and the average number of sessions per patient was 1.7. About 92% of the patients were rendered stone free using in situ SWL alone. No major complication was encountered, and none of the patients required an inpatient stay after SWL. The EQ was 65. Five patients with failed SWL subsequently were rendered stone free, four with salvage ureteroscopy and pneumatic lithotripsy and one with cystolitholapaxy for a symptomatic fragment in the bladder. One patient was lost to follow-up.Conclusion: In situ SWL is a safe and effective treatment for prevesical calculi. It should be used as a first-line treatment for most such stones. Efficiency can be assessed objectively by the EQ
Impact of histopathological variant on the outcome of patients treated by radical cystectomy
No full textPurpose: It is well established that muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) has a marked propensity for divergent differentiation, a fact that has significant diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. This work is designed to assess the impact of different histopathologic variants of bladder cancer on morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) as compared to the impact in patients with conventional UC.Materials and Methods: We reviewed records of 201 patients treated with RC and pelvic lymph node dissections. Demographics as well as clinico-pathologic parameters, including histopathological variant, tumor stage, and nodal status, were reviewed. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate these parameters for overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier curves for overall and cancer-specific survival were plotted. Results: The majority of patients were male (84%), and the mean age was 61±13.1 years (range, 27-87 years). The mean follow-up was 67 months (range, 6-132 months). A histological variant of UC tumor was found in 19 patients (11%). The OS was 55%, and the cancer-specific survival was 35%. The histopathologic variance showed significant impact on morbidity and mortality (p=0.02 and p=0.05, respectively). Patients with divergent histopathology of bladder tumor have poorer survival than do those with UC in a multivariate analysis.Conclusions: The pathologic stages at RC and lymph node involvement are predictors for OS. Because of its aggressive nature, histopathologic variance is an independent risk factor determining the outcome in terms of both morbidity and mortality
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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