1,720,965 research outputs found
The Influence of the Alcohol Marketing Policy Environment on Adolescent Drinking in Sri Lanka
No full textAdolescent drinking is predicted to increase in the South Asian region over the next few years. A growing body of research demonstrates an increase in alcohol marketing especially, promotions targeted towards adolescents, in the region. Sri Lanka has undergone radical changes in social and commercial determinants which impact health, and alcohol use specifically. Yet, these ‘distal’ determinants of adolescent drinking are largely unknown in the Sri Lankan context. Aim: The overarching aim of this study was to describe the alcohol marketing policy environment influencing adolescent drinking in Sri Lanka. The specific aims were to: 1. identify factors influencing alcohol use among adolescents living in South Asia through a systematic review;
2. critically analyse the policy environment related to alcohol in Sri Lanka; 3. describe the influence of environmental factors (alcohol marketing environment and other distal level factors) on adolescent drinking in Sri Lanka; and 4. describe the congruence between the policy environment related to alcohol marketing and the influence of alcohol marketing on adolescent drinking in Sri Lanka. Methods
A mixed methods study design was undertaken to examine the role of policy, marketing, cultural and societal norms and expectations on adolescent attitudes and behaviour towards alcohol. Analysis of documents pertaining to alcohol policies were undertaken. A series of in-depth interviews with policy stakeholders were also undertaken to explore the ‘back story’ and supplementary narrative for the various policy decisions and changes. A series of focus group discussions with 16 to 19 year olds were conducted to examine perceptions of, and experiences with alcohol marketing and use. Finally, an online adolescent survey was undertaken using prevalidated and novel measures to assess drinking behaviour among adolescents from a range of Colombo secondary schools. Findings from all studies were integrated to identify links to address the overarching aims. Results:
The qualitative analysis of policy documents indicated that alcohol policies have evolved over time with changes in context and expectations. For example, the Ministry of Health regulates alcohol marketing and accessibility and the more powerful Ministry of Finance controls tax, licensing, production and availability of alcohol. Industry influence was apparent within the weak alcohol policy environment, described by the fifteen stakeholders as being ‘lukewarm’. This was
compounded by the identified lack of public health programmes that targeted adolescent drinking. Adolescents in the eight focus group discussions perceived that ‘it’s normal to drink’ although observations that conflicted with this notion, led to the question being asked ‘isn’t it?’, as they tried to make sense of it all. They framed their norms based on media (especially social media), portrayal of alcohol and cultural and societal norms that they observed. They perceived adult expectations regarding alcohol to be inconsistent and punitive law enforcement to be ambiguous. Based on these observations and peer influence, adolescents experimented with alcohol. The survey participants (n=1086) aged 16 to 19 years, observed alcohol marketing on social media, online international sports programmes, local entertainment events and through direct in-store promotions. Adolescents exposed to alcohol marketing and social media use were more likely to have drunk alcohol at some time (16.2%), compared to never drinkers. Conclusion
Adolescents in Sri Lanka are exposed to pervasive, socially normalised expectations of alcohol use. This environment is shaped by a combination of factors including a lukewarm policy environment, permissive cultural and societal norms around alcohol and an aggressive marketing environment that exploits social media as its primary vehicle. The alcohol industry directed its activities through marketing approaches and its influence on alcohol policy. Findings support the need for a review of alcohol policy in order to significantly strengthen and align policies to better suit contemporary Sri Lankan society and evolving norms of alcohol use
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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