1,720,953 research outputs found
Benign breast lesions : analysis by artificial intelligence and removal by vacuum-assisted excision
No full textFollowing advances in diagnostic imaging modalities over the last decade, lesions of uncertain malignant potential have been increasingly diagnosed, primarily through mammography and sonography. These diagnoses, however, increase patient anxiety and result in an abundance of work-ups, including biopsies for radiologists, and often lead to unnecessary surgery.One modern field of research is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) based computer-aided detection (CAD) systems into various types of equipment to improve their accuracy. Our first study (Study 1) investigated the grading of previous benign biopsies using an AI-CAD system that has been integrated into mammography.Another modern field of research has been the use of larger bore needles in breast biopsies, such as vacuum-assisted biopsy needles with an outer diameter of up to 7G (4.6 mm). These needles can provide a sufficient tissue sample with which to obtain a more accurate diagnosis, while at the same time allowing the operator to completely excise the specimen under local anesthesia. Our second study (Study 2) investigated how needle size affected the time and results of the excision procedure. Our third study (Study 3) evaluated the procedure from the patients' perspective, documenting their experiences and any eventual adverse effects after the procedure. Our fourth study (Study 4) compared the first diagnostic pathology report to the reports obtained post-excision to identify lesion characteristics that would help determine which lesions are more susceptible to excision with a larger needle.In Study 1 we retrospectively applied a commercial AI-CAD system (Insight MMG, version 1.1.4.3; Lunit Inc.) to a dataset of screening mammograms from 10,889 women. We divided the study population into three groups: women who did not undergo a biopsy, those who underwent a biopsy before or after screening mammography (with benign results), and those who were diagnosed with breast cancer. The AI system flagged all women above the cutoff threshold, which was defined as 0.4 on a scale of 0.0 to 1.0. The percentages of women flagged were as follows: 3.5% for healthy women without a biopsy, 11% for those with benign biopsy findings, and 84% for those with breast cancer (P In Study 2 we performed a randomized controlled trial to compare the excision completeness and efficacy of the vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) procedure using 7G and 10G vacuum needles. We enrolled 208 patients, and after withdrawal of consent, the trial population included 194 patients. There were no differences in procedure time (P = 0.126) or excision completeness (P = 0.109) between procedures performed using 7G and 10G needles. Of the 127 patients who attended the 24-month follow-up, 88% (112/127) had lesions completely excised, with no statistically significant difference between the 7G and 10G needles.In Study 3 we administered a questionnaire to all of the patients included in Study 2. Patient acceptance of the procedure and short- and long-term complications were also documented. We calculated the total hospital costs of the VAE procedures and compared them with those of open surgical excision (OSE), the previous standard of care for surgical excision. There were no significant differences in pain levels (P = 0.713), complications (P = 0.724), or patient acceptance of the procedure between the 7G and 10G needle groups (P = 0.401). Approximately 97% (173/178) of the patients would recommend the procedure to others, and the total hospital procedural cost of VAE was estimated to be 60% lower than that of OSE.In Study 4 we retrospectively examined the results of the pathology reports of all patients included in Study 2; however, we excluded patients who did not have a cytological or histopathological diagnosis prior to the VAE, during which tissue samples were placed in one, two, or three successive containers, starting at the core of the lesion and moving outwards to the normal tissue. The results of the diagnostic reports from the initial biopsy (cytology and/or histology) were compared with those from the tissues obtained during the VAE. The discrepancy between the diagnoses of fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens and those from VAE was 38%, while that for core needle biopsy (CNB) was 29%. The upgrade rate to cancer was most common after a diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) on CNB.In conclusion, this thesis provides new knowledge on how to improve the performance of AI-CAD systems and broadens our understanding of we can improve the performance of AI. This confirms the necessity for alternative solutions to surgery for the diagnosis and treatment of undetermined lesions and provides data to support a separate personalized approach for different lesion types.List of scientific papersI. Athanasios Zouzos, Aleksandra Milovanovic, Karin Dembrower, Fredrik StrandEffect of Benign Biopsy Findings on an Artificial Intelligence-Based Cancer Detector in Screening Mammography: Retrospective Case-Control StudyJMIR AI 2023 | vol. 2 | e48123 | p. 7https://doi.org/10.2196/48123II. Athanasios Zouzos, Irma Fredriksson, Andreas Karakatsanis, Iliana Aristokleous, Theodoros Foukakis, Fredrik StrandEffect of needle size on outcomes of vacuum-assisted excision of breast lesions. A randomized controlled trialEuropean Journal of Radiology 183 (2025) 111895https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111895III. Athanasios Zouzos, Irma Fredriksson, Andreas Karakatsanis, Fredrik StrandPatient experience and healthcare cost aspects of vacuum-assisted excision of breast lesions. A report from the Swedish VAE randomized clinical trial[Manuscript]IV. Athanasios Zouzos, Irma Fredriksson, Andreas Karakatsanis, Johan Hartman, Fredrik StrandVariation in pathological appearance across repeated sampling from probably benign breast lesions[Manuscript]</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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