1,721,243 research outputs found
Editorial: Ethnopharmacology in Central and Eastern Europe in the Context of Global Research Developments
Full text linkReadjusting the glucocorticoid balance: an opportunity for modulators of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity?
No full textGlucocorticoids play a pivotal role in the regulation of most essential physiological processes, including energy metabolism, maintenance of electrolyte balance and blood pressure, immune-modulation and stress responses, cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as regulation of memory and cognitive functions. There are several levels at which glucocorticoid action can be modulated. On a tissue-specific level, glucocorticoid action is tightly controlled by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) enzymes. The conversion of inactive 11-ketoglucocorticoids (cortisone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone) into active 11beta-hydroxyglucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone) is catalyzed by 11beta-HSD1, which is expressed in many tissues and plays an important role in metabolically relevant tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. Chronically elevated local glucocorticoid action as a result of increased 11beta-HSD1 activity rather than elevated systemic glucocorticoid levels has been associated with metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Recent studies indicate that compounds inhibiting 11beta-HSD1 activity ameliorate the adverse effects of excessive glucocorticoid concentrations on metabolic processes, providing promising opportunities for the development of therapeutic interventions. This review addresses recent findings relevant for the development and application of therapeutically useful compounds that modulate 11beta-HSD1 function
Beneficial effect of melatonin on motor and memory disturbances in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats
No full textPrevious evidence has shown a link between neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), and melatonin. The data in the literature about the impact of the hormone under different experimental PD conditions are quite controversial, and its effect on memory impairment in the disease is very poorly explored. The current research was aimed at investigating the role of melatonin pretreatment on memory and motor behavior in healthy rats and those with the partial 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of PD. All rodents were pretreated with melatonin (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for 5 days. At 24 h and 7 days after the first treatment for healthy rats, and at the second and third week post-lesion for those with PD, the animals were tested behaviorally (apomorphine-induced rotations, rotarod, and passive avoidance tests). The neurochemical levels of dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh), noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin (Sero) in the brain were also determined. The results showed that in healthy animals, melatonin pretreatment had amnestic and motor-suppressive effects and did not change the levels of measured brain neurotransmitters. In animals with PD, melatonin pretreatment exerted a neuroprotective effect, manifested as a significantly decreased number of apomorphine-induced rotations, reduced number of falls in the rotarod test, and improved memory performance. The brain DA and ACh concentrations in the same animals were restored to the control levels, and those of NA and Sero did not change. Our results demonstrate a beneficial effect of melatonin on memory and motor disturbance in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats
Cell cycle-dependent regulation of extra-adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis in murine intestinal epithelial cells
No full textGlucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory steroids with important applications in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Endogenous glucocorticoids are mainly produced by the adrenal glands, although there is increasing evidence for extra-adrenal sources. Recent findings show that intestinal crypt cells produce glucocorticoids, which contribute to the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis. Intestinal glucocorticoid synthesis is critically regulated by the transcription factor liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1). As expression of steroidogenic enzymes and LRH-1 is restricted to the proliferating cells of the crypts, we aimed to investigate the role of the cell cycle in the regulation of LRH-1 activity and intestinal glucocorticoid synthesis. We here show that either pharmacological or molecular modulation of cell cycle progression significantly inhibited expression of steroidogenic enzymes and synthesis of glucocorticoids in intestinal epithelial cells. Synchronization of intestinal epithelial cells in the cell cycle revealed that expression of steroidogenic enzymes is preferentially induced at the G(1)/S stage. Differentiation of immature intestinal epithelial cells to mature nonproliferating cells also resulted in reduced expression of steroidogenic enzymes. This cell cycle-related effect on intestinal steroidogenesis was found to be mediated through the regulation of LRH-1 transcriptional activity. This mechanism may restrict intestinal glucocorticoid synthesis to the proliferating cells of the crypts
No health issue stands alone in Eastern Europe: Monkeypox emergence amidst socioeconomic and political crises COMMENT: Monkeypox emergence amidst socio-economic and political crises
No full textThe 2022 monkeypox outbreak (MPX) had spread to Eastern Europe by July 2022. As of October 6, 2022, the CDC has reported 195 cases in Poland, 78 in Hungary, 68 in the Czech Republic, 40 in Romania, 14 in Slovakia, and 2 in Moldova (1) This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p
Репутацията като обект на счетоводството: признаване, оценяване, оповестяване
Full text linkGoodwill has been a central topic in accounting for many years. It has always been the subject of many discussions and thus has given the whole face of business combinations. The debate about its essence, which began in the publications of the authors of the late 19th century, goes through its normative regulation and continues to its full force today.
In this book the author has performed a critical review of the theoretical aspects of goodwill and development of its normative regulation. The main differences in the views of different researchers on the goodwill are outlined and the author's definition of the reputation category is presented as a result. There was made also a periodization in the development of the concept of reputation as a reporting entity. The financial statements of Bulgarian public companies participating in the formation of the BGBX 40 index have been examined and on that basis, guidance on how to improve its reporting, presentation and disclosure has been given.
As a result of the research, it is concluded that the existing rules set out in the IAS / IFRS, on the one hand, are related to the implementation of overly complex procedures in their practical implementation and, on the other hand, allow for a relatively high level of subjectivity of the management of the enterprises in the evaluation of goodwill.
The weaknesses identified with regard to goodwill in the financial statements are grounds for arguing that there is a need to change the subsequent reporting regime of goodwill. Specific suggestions to improve disclosures have been formulated and exemplary disclosure models have been developed under the current reporting regime in the applicable IAS / IFRS. They aim to improve the quality characteristics and increase the information value for the users of the financial statements
Disruption of glucocorticoid action by environmental chemicals: potential mechanisms and relevance
No full textGlucocorticoids play an essential role in the regulation of key physiological processes, including immunomodulation, brain function, energy metabolism, electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Exposure to naturally occurring compounds or industrial chemicals that impair glucocorticoid action may contribute to the increasing incidence of cognitive deficits, immune disorders and metabolic diseases. Potentially, "glucocorticoid disruptors" can interfere with various steps of hormone action, e.g. hormone synthesis, binding to plasma proteins, delivery to target cells, pre-receptor regulation of the ratio of active versus inactive hormones, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function, or export and degradation of glucocorticoids. Several recent studies indicate that such chemicals exist and that some of them can cause multiple toxic effects by interfering with different steps of hormone action. For example, increasing evidence suggests that organotins disturb glucocorticoid action by altering the function of factors that regulate the expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) pre-receptor enzymes, by direct inhibition of 11beta-HSD2-dependent inactivation of glucocorticoids, and by blocking GR activation. These observations emphasize on the complexity of the toxic effects caused by such compounds and on the need of suitable test systems to assess their effects on each relevant step
Развитие на вижданията за репутацията в българската счетоводна литература
Full text linkBulgarian Abstract: Резюме: Развитието на репутацията като счетоводна категория по нашите земи следва да бъде разглеждано паралелно с развитието на българската счетоводна наука в исторически план. Значителна част от публикациите на наши автори от началото на 20 век се опират до представителите на френската и немската счетоводни школи. Целта на настоящата статия е чрез изследване на българската счетоводна литература да се проследи развитието на концепцията за репутацията в България паралелно с развитието на социално-икономическите отношения в страната ни и на тази база да се обособят отделните периоди в развитието на вижданията за репутацията по нашите земи.
Още в зората на литературния период на репутацията, следвайки публикациите на видни европейски автори по темата, нашите учени са се опитвали да придадат и местно звучене на този въпрос. Преминавайки през годините на социализма, където репутацията е заклеймена като перо в баланса, което пък е следствие от наложения модел на собственост и икономически отношения, в наши дни интересът към темата отново е на дневен ред и присъства в публикациите на отделни автори.
Изложеното историческо развитие на концепцията за репутацията у нас дажа основание на автора да обособи три отделни периода по отношение на развитието на вижданията за репутацията.
English Abstract: The development of goodwill as an accounting category in our land should be considered in parallel with the development of Bulgarian accounting science historically. A significant part of the publications of our authors from the early 20th century comes down to the representatives of the French and German accounting schools. Although not claim comprehensiveness in coverage of the reviewed authors can say that in Bulgarian accounting goodwill always finds its place. Beginning with the literary period of goodwill, going through years of socialism, where reputation is condemned as a feather in the balance sheet, which in turn is a consequence of the imposed model of ownership and economic relations, nowadays interest in the topic is back on the agenda and present in the publications of individual authors. Stated in the article historical development in our country leads the author to separate the three distinct periods in the development of the concept of goodwill
An updated overview on nanonutraceuticals: focus on nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics
Full text linkOver the last few years, the application of nanotechnology to nutraceuticals has been rapidly growing due to its ability to enhance the bioavailability of the loaded active ingredients, resulting in improved therapeutic/nutraceutical outcomes. The focus of this work is nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics, terms which stand for the loading of a set of compounds (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics) in nanoparticles that work as absorption enhancers in the gastrointestinal tract. In this manuscript, the main features of prebiotics and probiotics are highlighted, together with the discussion of emerging applications of nanotechnologies in their formulation. Current research strategies are also discussed, in particular the promising use of nanofibers for the delivery of probiotics. Synbiotic-based nanoparticles represent an innovative trend within this area of interest. As only few experimental studies on nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics are available in the scientific literature, research on this prominent field is needed, covering effectiveness, bioavailability, and safety aspects.The authors acknowledge the support of the research project: Nutraceutica come supporto
nutrizionale nel paziente oncologico, CUP: B83D18000140007. E. B. Souto acknowledges the sponsorship of the projects M-ERA-NET-0004/2015-PAIRED and UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund), receiving support from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, Ministry of Science and Education (FCT/MEC) through
national funds, and co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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