210 research outputs found
SPECTROSCOPIC REMOTE-SENSING OF MOLECULAR CONSTITUENTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE BY LASER-RADAR TECHNIQUES BASED ON OPTICAL SCATTERING PHENOMENA
No full textH. Inaba and T. Kobayasi, Nature, 224, 170, (1969). T. Kobayasi and H. Inaba, Appl. Phys. Letters, 17, 139, (1970). H. Inaba and T. Kobayasi. Invited paper to the Sixth International Quantum Electronics Conference, Kyoto, Japan, September 1970. T. Kobayasi and H. Inaba. Proceedings of IEEE., 58, 1568, (1970).""Author Institution: Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku UniversityThe usefulness of Raman spectroscopy, which is so far recognized as a complementary technique to infrared spectroscopy, can be extended to include various new fields which are unique to itself. The laser-Raman radar scheme detecting the Raman backscattered echoes has been and confirmed experimentally by the present , which is capable of measuring remotely the number density of molecular constituents as well as their species existing not only in the ordinary but also in the polluted atmosphere. This paper wishes to report the operational performance and the experimental results, so far obtained, of our laser-Raman radar as a completely single-ended system for the chemical analysis of the real atmosphere. An alternative method, which utilizes a frequency-tunable dye laser with high repetition rate of pulsed operation is also developed to investigate the resonance spectroscopic effects of a variety of molecules and atoms contained in the lower and upper atmosphere. These effects include the fluorescence and the resonance scatterings along with the resonance Raman scattering, and are expected to improve significantly the sensitivity and the range capability for the constituent analysis of our environmental air
MEASUREMENTS OF RAMAN CROSS SECTIONS FOR VARIOUS GASES IN THE POLLUTED ATMOSPHERE BY MEANS OF PULSED LASER-RAMAN AND PULSE-GATED PHOTON COUNTING METHODS
No full text H. Inaba and T. Kobayasi, Nature 224, 170 (Oct. 1969) T. Kobayasi and H. Inaba, Appl. Phys. Letters 17, 139 (Aug. 1970); Proc. of the IEEE. 58, 1568 (1970). H. Inaba and T. Kobayasi, Paper presented to 26th Symposium on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy N4, Columbus, Ohio, June 14-18, 1971. W. F. Murphy, W. Holzer and H. J. Bernstein, Appl. Spectroscopy 23, 211 (1969). D.G. Fouche and R.K. Chang, Appl. Phys. Letters 18, 579 (June 1971).""Author Institution: Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku UniversityFeasibility and potentiality of the laser radar system which detects the Raman-shifted backscattering, either in non-resonant or resonant nature, from chemical contents of atmospheric pollutants to identify and to monitor remotely their concentrations have been However, for the precise measurement of species concentration, the knowledge on the Raman scattering cross sections is always required. This paper presents the measured result and their comparison of the Raman cross sections of various molecules present in the atmosphere such as relative to that of as a reference gas. We employed primarily a molecular nitrogen laser with 10mW average power at 3371 {\AA}, 20 kW peak power of 10 nsec duration and a repetition rate of 50 Hz. Recently, we have succeeded in the operation of transverse excitation atmospheric (TEA) nitrogen laser at 3371 {\AA} which is applicable to the field-use and also to the laboratory experiments. The Raman scattered radiation was observed in a direction perpendicular to the linearly polarized plane of the incident laser beam. The signal was processed by the pulse-gated photon counting method synchronized with the repetitive laser pulse, which is valuable for detecting extremely weak light signals. The accuracy of our measured cross sections is within 10\% and their values were found to agree well with the pre-laser result by Murphy et and the laser result by Fouche et for several gases. It is noteworthy that band has 15 times and band has 7.2 times larger cross section than that of , due possibly to resonance Raman effect at 3371 {\AA}
Ethics for Humanity That May Not Perish
No full textThis work is an English translation of the book “Metsubousurukamosirenai Junrui no tameno Rinrigaku[Ethics for Humanity That May Perish: LongTermism, Transhumanism, and Space Exploration]” by author, Shin-ichiro Inaba, himself. The original Japanese version was written for introducing Longtermism, Existential Risk Theory and related topics to Japanese general readrers. Chapters One and Two trace the origins of longtermism as a theoretical framework and philosophy. Chapter 3 briefly summarizes the theoretical core of what longtermism is and introduces accelerationism and effective accelerationism as adjacent movements that also concern humanity in the super-future. Chapter 4 points out that animal ethics can become a stumbling block for longtermism—giving rise to a peculiar puzzle. Chapters Five and Six examine the difficult problems in intergenerational ethics raised by Parfit, keeping the context of longtermism in mind. Chapter Five focuses on the "repugnant conclusion," while Chapter Six centers on the "non-identity problem." Chapter 7 points out that the "Singleton", according to Bostrom, deemed essential for humanity to survive and develop long-term by overcoming "existential risks," could itself be a source of such risks. Chapter 8 introduces the "Fermi Paradox" – the puzzle of why, despite the vast number of celestial bodies in the universe, extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) remains undiscovered – and demonstrates its deep structural and substantive connection to the theory of existential risks. Chapters 9 and 10 discuss the possibility and desirability of humanity's space exploration. In closing this book, we will briefly touch upon the "eschatological" aspects of these arguments
Ethics for Humanity That May Not Perish
No full textThis work is an English translation of the book “Metsubousurukamosirenai Junrui no tameno Rinrigaku[Ethics for Humanity That May Perish: LongTermism, Transhumanism, and Space Exploration]” by author, Shin-ichiro Inaba, himself. The original Japanese version was written for introducing Longtermism, Existential Risk Theory and related topics to Japanese general readrers. Chapters One and Two trace the origins of longtermism as a theoretical framework and philosophy. Chapter 3 briefly summarizes the theoretical core of what longtermism is and introduces accelerationism and effective accelerationism as adjacent movements that also concern humanity in the super-future. Chapter 4 points out that animal ethics can become a stumbling block for longtermism—giving rise to a peculiar puzzle. Chapters Five and Six examine the difficult problems in intergenerational ethics raised by Parfit, keeping the context of longtermism in mind. Chapter Five focuses on the "repugnant conclusion," while Chapter Six centers on the "non-identity problem." Chapter 7 points out that the "Singleton", according to Bostrom, deemed essential for humanity to survive and develop long-term by overcoming "existential risks," could itself be a source of such risks. Chapter 8 introduces the "Fermi Paradox" – the puzzle of why, despite the vast number of celestial bodies in the universe, extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) remains undiscovered – and demonstrates its deep structural and substantive connection to the theory of existential risks. Chapters 9 and 10 discuss the possibility and desirability of humanity's space exploration. In closing this book, we will briefly touch upon the "eschatological" aspects of these arguments
Review Of Japanese Homes And Lifestyles: An Illustrated Journey Through History By K. Inaba And S. Nakayama, Translated By J. Bester
No full textInaba\u27s slight but costly volume, originally published in Japanese in 1983, is noteworthy for Nakayama\u27s illustrations. Modeled after David Macaulay\u27s series (Cathedral, Pyramid, City), they are exquisitely drawn albeit inevitably fanciful in certain details. But the text is academic and puerile; it reads like a middle school textbook. It assumes a rudimentary knowledge of Japanese history, not expected of the average reader of the translation, and yet, in discussing architecture, it is flatly descriptive with hardly any attempt at critical interpretation. The discussion is chronological but not historical; it lacks a large historical sense of connections and continuities. The author\u27s slant is folk architecture and the text thus slights the dwellings of the nobility and the ruling class--the shinden and the shoin--that have traditionally been overemphasized at the expense of farm houses and townhouses. The fruitful cross-fertilization of the urban and the rural, if that was the author\u27s interest, is not adequately articulated. No footnotes, no bibliography. Not for academic audiences
Bir-kot-ghwandai in the Post-Kushan Period
No full textThe author introduces the data coming from the Post-Kushan layers of the Italian excavations directed by himself at Bir-kot-ghwandai (Swat, Pakistan), and interprets them in the light of the historical sources on the concerned period. Being one of the first stratigraphic excavations in urban sites of the region, the site of Bir-kot-ghwandai offers a precious contribution for the study of the architectural and artistic evidence of the period. Particularly noteworthy is the possibility of anchoring to a solid stratigraphic sequence the information on pottery, given that examples of similar wares have recently been acquired by Museums from the antiquarian market
Japanese marine biological stations: Preface to the special issue
No full textAbstractThis special issue of the Regional Studies in Marine Science includes eight articles of research subjects, most of which have been presented in the 2nd International Symposium of JAMBIO (Japanese Association for Marine Biology), held in December, 2014 in Tokyo, with a scientific topic entitled “Aquatic Ecosystems: Past, Present and Future”. Japan is an island country located in the Pacific Ocean of East Asia. The ocean surrounding this country is affected by several unique currents and by seafloor topography with several trenches and troughs. These situations bring richness and diversity in fauna and flora. From 1886, many marine biological stations were founded in Japan for education and research in marine biology. Since summarized information about Japanese marine biological stations is poorly available, here I overview their history, present status, and the future for these key infrastructures which are vital for the Japanese economy, research and education
Various Retellings of a Traditional Tale Found in Japanese Linguistic Culture (Part 2) : the Inaba no Shiro Usagi Tale in Elementary-School Textbooks Published by Tokyo Shoseki
No full textapplication/pdfThis paper analyzes the literary and arrative characteristics of the retelling of the Inaba-no-Shiro-Usagi story contained in second-grade elementary-school Japanese language-education textbooks published by Tokyo Shoseki, and compares this retelling with other versions in similar textbooks used in Japanese elementary schools, including a previous retelling by the same author published by Hikarinokuni. Analysis revealed that the story had been retold so as to focus on O-Kuni-Nushi as the tale’s main protagonist. With little time spent describing the personalities, motivations and feelings of the story’s characters, this version instead simply gives each major event as the story progresses. However, one characteristic of this retelling is that it includes the prophecy given by the rabbit to O-Kuni-Nushi, and the relationship between these two therefore does not wind up simply being portrayed as “ a fool needing help” and “ the hero saving him.” Compared with alternate retellings of the Inaba-no-Shiro-Usagi story in other extbooks, the Tokyo Shoseki version offers a more straightforward retelling of the original tale, thereby conveying the mood and spirit of the Kojiki original.2015年度より使用されている東京書籍発行の小学校２年生用国語科教科書に掲載されている「いなばの白うさぎ」の、文学作品としての特徴について、初出のひかりのくに版、他社発行の教科書に採用されている同じ神話の再話作品と比較しながら考察した。その結果、次の特徴を見出した。オオクニヌシの物語として構成されている。登場人物の個性や心理の起伏にはあまり筆を割かずに、起きた出来事について簡潔に述べる形で物語が進んで行っている。兎の予言が取り入れられているため、兎とオオクニヌシとの関係が、助けを受ける愚か者と助ける優れた者という単純な関係では終わっていない。東京書籍版は、他社発行の教科書に採用されている稲羽の素菟神話の再話作品よりも、簡潔という意味において原典の古事記の雰囲気を伝える形で再話がなされていると考える。journal articl
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