101,362 research outputs found
Evaluation of Aegilops tauschii Coss. for resistance to wheat stem rust and inheritance of resistance genes in hexaploid wheat
No full textWith the objective to identify new sources of resistance to wheat stem rust, a collection of 169 accessions of Aegilops tauschii, obtained from the IPK genebank at Gatersleben, Germany, were screened for resistance under controlled conditions. Fourteen (8%) accessions were resistant to stem rust among which 10 were highly resistant ( IT 5; and 1) and four exhibited a moderately resistance reaction ( IT 5 2). From the synthetic hexaploids which were produced by hybridizing resistant Ae. tauschii with susceptible Triticum durum, six synthetics expressed a high level of stem rust resistance similar to their corresponding diploid parents, while five displayed either a reduced or complete susceptibility compared to their Ae. tauschii parents. This suppression of resistance at the hexaploid level suggests the presence of suppressor genes in the A and/or B genomes of the T. durum parents. Inheritance of resistance from crosses of five stem rust resistant synthetic hexaploids with two susceptible T. aestivum genotypes revealed that three of the synthetics (syn 101, syn 601 and syn 801) possessed one dominant gene each, syn 111 has two different dominant genes and syn 116 has two complementary interacting genes for stem rust resistance. Intercrosses among the four stem rust resistant synthetic hexaploids indicated that the putative genes conferring stem rust resistance in each of the synthetics are neither allelic nor closely linked to each other
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Selection for drought bruchid resistance of common bean populations
No full textCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is world’s most important grain legume for human consumption and the crop is grown annually on more than 14 million hectares. Drought stress limits common bean production worldwide. Understanding drought resistance mechanisms and identifying key plant traits may help to select the superior performers of crop under drought stress. Storage insect attacks on stored beans are also known to be substantial all over the world. Understanding the resistance mechanisms to bruchid weevils and identifying resistant genes can help to develop resistant varieties. Participatory variety selection also helps to select genotypes that possess farmers preferred plant and grain traits. The main objectives of the study were (i) to conduct phenotypic evaluation of a set of 81 genotypes along with two parents for drought resistance and identifying key plant traits related to superior performance under drought stress; (ii) to select the most promising genotypes that combine drought resistance with seed yield and market potential;( iii) to select bruchid-resistant advanced lines and apply marker-assisted selection useful for the identification of arcelin gene; (iv) to evaluate bean genotypes using participatory variety selection.
In the first study, a total of 78 lines, two parents and one standard check (Awash melka) were evaluated under drought stress and irrigated (control) conditions at Melkassa research center (390 12'N and 80 24'E and 1550 meters above sea level) over two season ( 2008 and 2009) in Ethiopia. A 9x9 lattice experimental design with three replications (two rows of 3m long with 0.4m wide) was used. The seeds were planted at plant to plant distance of 10 cm. Data were taken on seed yield, seed number and pod number per plant, 100 seed weight, Shoot biomass, leaf area index (LAI) and pod harvest index (PHI). Data were analyzed using SAS 2002. Pearson correlation test and principal component analysis were used to determine the relation between and among measured variables. Significant (P< 0.05) genotypic differences were recorded in drought and irrigated conditions for grain yield, seeds per plant, pods per plant and 100 seed weight. The mean values of yield for the 81 lines ranged from 404 to 1580 kg/ha grown under moisture stress, while in the irrigated conditions, yield ranged from 1560 to 3985 kg/ha. Genotypes G80,G13, G19, G40, G87, G6, G28, G21,G24, G70, G22, G78, G60, G100 and G14 performed better under drought stress, and they also showed higher values for seeds per plant and pods per plant. Genotypes G78, G80, G6 and G19 were found to be responsive to irrigated conditions. Significant differences among genotypes for their LAI and PHI values were found under drought condition but a significance difference for canopy biomass was only found under irrigated conditions. Canopy biomass under drought conditions was higher with genotypes such as G80, G6, G87, G76 and G58 compared with the poor lines G16, G35 and G101. Genotype G103, G70, G2, G105, G74, G69, and G49 had significantly better LAI value than the standard check (Awash melka) and SxB 405 under drought conditions. There were also higher PHI recorded for G24, G78, G19, G14, G72, G60, G13, G100 and G87. Grain yield under drought conditions was positively correlated with seed number per m2, pod number per m2, 100 seed weight, canopy biomass and PHI. Genotypes such as G14, G21, G28, G60, G22, G24, G19, G78, G40 and G6 had positive association with grain yield, seed number, pod number, 100 seed weight and PHI.
In the second study, a set of 40 advanced lines of RAZ (resistance against zabrotes) and susceptible commercial varieties were tested for bruchid resistance using four replicates of 30 seeds. Each replicate of advanced lines and commercial varieties at 10% seed moisture was infested with 6 pairs of newly emerged Mexican bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus) from the stock rearing of CIAT Colombia. Two microsatellite markers analysis were used for the marker assisted selection scheme and protein analysis was done for presence or absence of arcelin. A field trial was also conducted in Ethiopia. Data were collected on number of eggs at 15 days, number of emerged adults, percentage emergence, adult dry weight and yield. RAZ 4, RAZ 101, RAZ 173, RAZ 44 and RAZ 174 showed consistently high resistance for all the parameters measured. The average yield of susceptible varieties (2.11 t/ha, SE = 0.05) was moderately higher than that of the resistant lines (1.8 t/ha, SE = 0.02). Arcelin protein analysis of 21 highly resistant advanced lines and 5 susceptible varieties together with the controls also showed a high level of accuracy. Resistance was associated entirely with the presence of the heavy 35KDa band representing Arcelin 1. The molecular markers BMy 11 and Pvatct 001 confirmed that they are more tightly associated with the arcelin gene and they produced bands that were 208 and 192 bp long for resistance lines.
In the third study, a total of 16 farmers were invited in the 2008 season and 20 farmers in the 2009 season from Boffa and Siredodota areas to Melkassa research farm in Ethiopia to evaluate the 80 genotypes of common beans at podding and maturity growth stages. Seeds of selected genotypes were exposed to exporters and traders for quality assessment. A total of 25 genotypes were selected in 2008, both individually and in a group by farmers. Four genotypes were selected by exporters and traders. In 2009, a total of 12 genotypes from a total of 25 were selected by farmers from the two sites. Farmers from Boffa as well as from Siredodota conducted a last group selection of the genotypes under field conditions and ranked the top five genotypes (G60, G53, G40, G80 and G5) in terms of seed size, contrasting color and contrasting shape. The main selection criteria used by male farmers from both Boffa and Siredodota were grain yield, drought resistance, earliness, pod load, vegetative vigor, pod filling, marketability and color (brilliance). Female farmers also used their own selection criteria, grain yield, drought, earliness, pod load, color (brilliance) and suitability for stew. Exporters and traders evaluated and selected G40, G60, and G80. Exporters’ and traders’ selection criteria were seed size, color, shape, split seed, slightly stained (anthracnose) and moisture content of the seed. The study conducted over two years implied that there is a need to combine the classical breeding with participatory variety selection for effective and efficient selection of bean genotypes under drought conditions. Insect bioassay should also be supported by marker assisted selection for identification of better resistant genotypes to bruchids.Il fagiolo (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) è una leguminosa tra le più coltivate al mondo per il consumo umano, su una superficie di più di 14 milioni di ettari, ma fortemente limitata dalla siccità. Un altro dei fattori limitanti per il fagiolo è rappresentato dagli insetti che attaccano i semi, appartenenti ai coleotteri bruchidi. La comprensione dei meccanismi di resistenza alla siccità e agli insetti è utile per la selezione di varietà superiori. Inoltre la partecipazione dei coltivatori al processo di selezione è importante al fine di identificare le caratteristiche migliori di piante e semi. Gli obiettivi di questo studio sono: (i) condurre una valutazione fenotipica di 81 genotipi in relazione alla resistenza alla siccità; (ii) selezionare i genotipi migliori per resistenza alla siccità, produzione e caratteristiche commerciali; (iii) selezionare linee resistenti ai bruchidi anche mediante marcatori genetici associati al gene dell’arcelina; (iv) valutare i genotipi mediante la partecipazione dei coltivatori in Etiopia.
Nel primo studio sono state impiegate 78 linee, due parentali e un controllo (Awash melka) in condizioni di stress idrico e di irrigazione presso il centro etiope di Melkassa nel 2008 e nel 2009, secondo un disegno di blocchi randomizzati con tre repliche. Sono state analizzate le seguenti variabili: resa in seme, semi per baccello, peso di 100 semi, biomassa della pianta, LAI (leaf area index) e PHI (pod harvest index). I valori di resa in seme sono variati da 404 a 1580 kg/ha, con differenze significative tra i genotipi. I genotipi G80, G13, G19, G40, G87, G6, G28, G21,G24, G70, G22, G78, G60, G100 e G14 hanno dato risultati migliori in condizioni di stress idrico. I genotipi G78, G80, G6 e G19 e hanno dato buoni risultati anche con l’irrigazione, mostrando differenze significative anche per la biomassa della pianta. La resa in seme in condizioni di stress è correlata positivamente con il numero di semi per m2, il numero di baccelli per m2 , il peso di 100 semi, la biomassa e il PHI.
Nel secondo studio sono state utilizzate in laboratorio 40 linee avanzate per la resistenza ai bruchidi, con 4 repliche di 30 semi ciascuna. Ogni gruppo di semi è stato infestato con 6 coppie del bruchide Zabrotes subfasciatus provenienti dall’allevamento presso il CIAT di Cali, Colombia. Due marcatori genetici microsatelliti sono stati utilizzati per la caratterizzazione delle linee in merito alla presenza del gene per l’arcelina, unitamente all’analisi della proteina stessa. Le stesse linee sono state infine utilizzate in una prova di campo condotta in Etiopia. I dati raccolti hanno riguardato variabili relative alla performance degli insetti e alla resa delle linee in campo. Le linee RAZ 4, RAZ 101, RAZ 173, RAZ 44 e RAZ 174 hanno mostrato una resistenza elevata per tutte le variabili considerate. Nel complesso la resa in campo è stata moderatamente più elevata per le linee suscettibili (2.11 t/ha, SE = 0.05) rispetto alle resistenti (1.8 t/ha, SE = 0.02). La resistenza è stata sempre associata alla presenza di una proteina da 35 kDa che rappresenta l’arcelina 1. I marcatori microsatellite BMy 11 e Pvatct 001 hanno confermato l’associazione con il gene per l’arcelina.
Nel terzo studio sono state condotte indagini con coltivatori etiopi nel 2008 (16 coltivatori) e nel 2009 (20 coltivatori) provenienti dalle aree di Boffa e Siredodota. Sono state utilizzate le prove del primo studio presso il centro di Melkassa, valutando sia le piante sia il prodotto. I semi sono stati inoltre mostrati a esportatori e commercianti per la valutazione di qualità. Nel 2008 tale processo ha portato alla selezione di 25 genotipi superiori, di cui 4 apprezzati commercialmente. Nel 2009 è stato individuato un sottogruppo di 12 genotipi, all’interno dei quali è stato possibile elencare i 5 migliori (G60, G53, G40, G80 e G5) in relazione a misura, colore e forma del seme. I criteri di selezione sono variati tra coltivatori maschi e femmine. La valutazione commerciale, basata su caratteri in parte simili, ha portato alla selezione di tre linee (G40, G60, G80)
Selection for drought and bruchid resistance of common bean populations
No full textCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is world’s most important grain legume for human consumption and the crop is grown annually on more than 14 million hectares. Drought stress limits common bean production worldwide. Understanding drought resistance mechanisms and identifying key plant traits may help to select the superior performers of crop under drought stress. Storage insect attacks on stored beans are also known to be substantial all over the world. Understanding the resistance mechanisms to bruchid weevils and identifying resistant genes can help to develop resistant varieties. Participatory variety selection also helps to select genotypes that possess farmers preferred plant and grain traits. The main objectives of the study were (i) to conduct phenotypic evaluation of a set of 81 genotypes along with two parents for drought resistance and identifying key plant traits related to superior performance under drought stress; (ii) to select the most promising genotypes that combine drought resistance with seed yield and market potential;( iii) to select bruchid-resistant advanced lines and apply marker-assisted selection useful for the identification of arcelin gene; (iv) to evaluate bean genotypes using participatory variety selection.
In the first study, a total of 78 lines, two parents and one standard check (Awash melka) were evaluated under drought stress and irrigated (control) conditions at Melkassa research center (390 12'N and 80 24'E and 1550 meters above sea level) over two season ( 2008 and 2009) in Ethiopia. A 9x9 lattice experimental design with three replications (two rows of 3m long with 0.4m wide) was used. The seeds were planted at plant to plant distance of 10 cm. Data were taken on seed yield, seed number and pod number per plant, 100 seed weight, Shoot biomass, leaf area index (LAI) and pod harvest index (PHI). Data were analyzed using SAS 2002. Pearson correlation test and principal component analysis were used to determine the relation between and among measured variables. Significant (P< 0.05) genotypic differences were recorded in drought and irrigated conditions for grain yield, seeds per plant, pods per plant and 100 seed weight. The mean values of yield for the 81 lines ranged from 404 to 1580 kg/ha grown under moisture stress, while in the irrigated conditions, yield ranged from 1560 to 3985 kg/ha. Genotypes G80,G13, G19, G40, G87, G6, G28, G21,G24, G70, G22, G78, G60, G100 and G14 performed better under drought stress, and they also showed higher values for seeds per plant and pods per plant. Genotypes G78, G80, G6 and G19 were found to be responsive to irrigated conditions. Significant differences among genotypes for their LAI and PHI values were found under drought condition but a significance difference for canopy biomass was only found under irrigated conditions. Canopy biomass under drought conditions was higher with genotypes such as G80, G6, G87, G76 and G58 compared with the poor lines G16, G35 and G101. Genotype G103, G70, G2, G105, G74, G69, and G49 had significantly better LAI value than the standard check (Awash melka) and SxB 405 under drought conditions. There were also higher PHI recorded for G24, G78, G19, G14, G72, G60, G13, G100 and G87. Grain yield under drought conditions was positively correlated with seed number per m2, pod number per m2, 100 seed weight, canopy biomass and PHI. Genotypes such as G14, G21, G28, G60, G22, G24, G19, G78, G40 and G6 had positive association with grain yield, seed number, pod number, 100 seed weight and PHI.
In the second study, a set of 40 advanced lines of RAZ (resistance against zabrotes) and susceptible commercial varieties were tested for bruchid resistance using four replicates of 30 seeds. Each replicate of advanced lines and commercial varieties at 10% seed moisture was infested with 6 pairs of newly emerged Mexican bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus) from the stock rearing of CIAT Colombia. Two microsatellite markers analysis were used for the marker assisted selection scheme and protein analysis was done for presence or absence of arcelin. A field trial was also conducted in Ethiopia. Data were collected on number of eggs at 15 days, number of emerged adults, percentage emergence, adult dry weight and yield. RAZ 4, RAZ 101, RAZ 173, RAZ 44 and RAZ 174 showed consistently high resistance for all the parameters measured. The average yield of susceptible varieties (2.11 t/ha, SE = 0.05) was moderately higher than that of the resistant lines (1.8 t/ha, SE = 0.02). Arcelin protein analysis of 21 highly resistant advanced lines and 5 susceptible varieties together with the controls also showed a high level of accuracy. Resistance was associated entirely with the presence of the heavy 35KDa band representing Arcelin 1. The molecular markers BMy 11 and Pvatct 001 confirmed that they are more tightly associated with the arcelin gene and they produced bands that were 208 and 192 bp long for resistance lines.
In the third study, a total of 16 farmers were invited in the 2008 season and 20 farmers in the 2009 season from Boffa and Siredodota areas to Melkassa research farm in Ethiopia to evaluate the 80 genotypes of common beans at podding and maturity growth stages. Seeds of selected genotypes were exposed to exporters and traders for quality assessment. A total of 25 genotypes were selected in 2008, both individually and in a group by farmers. Four genotypes were selected by exporters and traders. In 2009, a total of 12 genotypes from a total of 25 were selected by farmers from the two sites. Farmers from Boffa as well as from Siredodota conducted a last group selection of the genotypes under field conditions and ranked the top five genotypes (G60, G53, G40, G80 and G5) in terms of seed size, contrasting color and contrasting shape. The main selection criteria used by male farmers from both Boffa and Siredodota were grain yield, drought resistance, earliness, pod load, vegetative vigor, pod filling, marketability and color (brilliance). Female farmers also used their own selection criteria, grain yield, drought, earliness, pod load, color (brilliance) and suitability for stew. Exporters and traders evaluated and selected G40, G60, and G80. Exporters’ and traders’ selection criteria were seed size, color, shape, split seed, slightly stained (anthracnose) and moisture content of the seed. The study conducted over two years implied that there is a need to combine the classical breeding with participatory variety selection for effective and efficient selection of bean genotypes under drought conditions. Insect bioassay should also be supported by marker assisted selection for identification of better resistant genotypes to bruchids.Il fagiolo (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) è una leguminosa tra le più coltivate al mondo per il consumo umano, su una superficie di più di 14 milioni di ettari, ma fortemente limitata dalla siccità. Un altro dei fattori limitanti per il fagiolo è rappresentato dagli insetti che attaccano i semi, appartenenti ai coleotteri bruchidi. La comprensione dei meccanismi di resistenza alla siccità e agli insetti è utile per la selezione di varietà superiori. Inoltre la partecipazione dei coltivatori al processo di selezione è importante al fine di identificare le caratteristiche migliori di piante e semi. Gli obiettivi di questo studio sono: (i) condurre una valutazione fenotipica di 81 genotipi in relazione alla resistenza alla siccità; (ii) selezionare i genotipi migliori per resistenza alla siccità, produzione e caratteristiche commerciali; (iii) selezionare linee resistenti ai bruchidi anche mediante marcatori genetici associati al gene dell’arcelina; (iv) valutare i genotipi mediante la partecipazione dei coltivatori in Etiopia.
Nel primo studio sono state impiegate 78 linee, due parentali e un controllo (Awash melka) in condizioni di stress idrico e di irrigazione presso il centro etiope di Melkassa nel 2008 e nel 2009, secondo un disegno di blocchi randomizzati con tre repliche. Sono state analizzate le seguenti variabili: resa in seme, semi per baccello, peso di 100 semi, biomassa della pianta, LAI (leaf area index) e PHI (pod harvest index). I valori di resa in seme sono variati da 404 a 1580 kg/ha, con differenze significative tra i genotipi. I genotipi G80, G13, G19, G40, G87, G6, G28, G21,G24, G70, G22, G78, G60, G100 e G14 hanno dato risultati migliori in condizioni di stress idrico. I genotipi G78, G80, G6 e G19 e hanno dato buoni risultati anche con l’irrigazione, mostrando differenze significative anche per la biomassa della pianta. La resa in seme in condizioni di stress è correlata positivamente con il numero di semi per m2, il numero di baccelli per m2 , il peso di 100 semi, la biomassa e il PHI.
Nel secondo studio sono state utilizzate in laboratorio 40 linee avanzate per la resistenza ai bruchidi, con 4 repliche di 30 semi ciascuna. Ogni gruppo di semi è stato infestato con 6 coppie del bruchide Zabrotes subfasciatus provenienti dall’allevamento presso il CIAT di Cali, Colombia. Due marcatori genetici microsatelliti sono stati utilizzati per la caratterizzazione delle linee in merito alla presenza del gene per l’arcelina, unitamente all’analisi della proteina stessa. Le stesse linee sono state infine utilizzate in una prova di campo condotta in Etiopia. I dati raccolti hanno riguardato variabili relative alla performance degli insetti e alla resa delle linee in campo. Le linee RAZ 4, RAZ 101, RAZ 173, RAZ 44 e RAZ 174 hanno mostrato una resistenza elevata per tutte le variabili considerate. Nel complesso la resa in campo è stata moderatamente più elevata per le linee suscettibili (2.11 t/ha, SE = 0.05) rispetto alle resistenti (1.8 t/ha, SE = 0.02). La resistenza è stata sempre associata alla presenza di una proteina da 35 kDa che rappresenta l’arcelina 1. I marcatori microsatellite BMy 11 e Pvatct 001 hanno confermato l’associazione con il gene per l’arcelina.
Nel terzo studio sono state condotte indagini con coltivatori etiopi nel 2008 (16 coltivatori) e nel 2009 (20 coltivatori) provenienti dalle aree di Boffa e Siredodota. Sono state utilizzate le prove del primo studio presso il centro di Melkassa, valutando sia le piante sia il prodotto. I semi sono stati inoltre mostrati a esportatori e commercianti per la valutazione di qualità. Nel 2008 tale processo ha portato alla selezione di 25 genotipi superiori, di cui 4 apprezzati commercialmente. Nel 2009 è stato individuato un sottogruppo di 12 genotipi, all’interno dei quali è stato possibile elencare i 5 migliori (G60, G53, G40, G80 e G5) in relazione a misura, colore e forma del seme. I criteri di selezione sono variati tra coltivatori maschi e femmine. La valutazione commerciale, basata su caratteri in parte simili, ha portato alla selezione di tre linee (G40, G60, G80)
Commercial Hand Sanitizers use amid COVID-19 Pandemic: the Concerns of Antimicrobial Resistance
No full textDesta Assefa, Tsegaye Melaku School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, Oromia, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Desta AssefaSchool of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Oromia, EthiopiaEmail [email protected]: Following the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease, the rising concerns about the prevalence of alcohol-based hand sanitizers’ inappropriate use and substandard products in the market create an ongoing safety concern. They can cause frequent exposure of microorganisms to below the alcohol concentrations to the range recommended for infection prevention and development of mutations. Thus, it is invaluable to sensitize the scientific community for further researches to provide additional evidence. Additionally, regulation of quality and proper use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers should be effectively promoted. This commentary justifies the impact of COVID-19 on the current and future use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers.Keywords: COVID-19, alcohol-based hand sanitizers, antimicrobial resistanc
Roles, constraints and opportunities of small scale irrigation and water harvesting in Ethiopian agricultural development: Assessment of existing situation
No full textWater harvestingPovertyIrrigation programs
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
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