634 research outputs found
Entrainment studies in cloud-like flows using novel scanning tomography technique
No full textClouds are one of the major sources of uncertainty in climate prediction.The present work is to study the dynamics of orographic clouds. We considered a planar turbulent wall jet with off source volumetric heating as an appropriate low order fluid-dynamical model for studying the turbulence and entrainment in orographic-clouds. Entrainment was found to reduce drastically with the off-source volumetric heat addition. We found that the reduction of entrainment started at a bulk-Richardson number which was an order of magnitude smaller than that seen in earlier experiments [1] on free standing cumulus clouds. This is consistent with observations in real orographic clouds which develop as a thin sheet rising along the mountain slope. We have developed a novel scanning tomography technique for getting concentration field in turbulent shear flows. This technique is being applied on cloud-like flow to understand the entrainment characteristics. Detailed results will be presented at the conference
Collaboration and interconnectivity: Nottinghamshire Fire and Rescue Services and higher education institutions in Nottingham
No full textThis paper will describe the developing relationship between Nottinghamshire Fire and Rescue Services and the two Higher Education Institutions in Nottingham. It will chronicle how a very traditional relationship has been transformed, initially by a simple consultancy project, into a much closer working relationship characterised by a much richer variety of collaborative projects. It demonstrates the potential mutual benefits that greater trust and reciprocity between the institutions can bring to both academia and to practice and the impact it has already had on curriculum development, teaching and learning in Nottingham
Gas phase infrared spectroscopy of mono- and divanadium oxide cluster cations
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98883.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
Current treatment modalities for certain urogenital infections in pregnancy
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K.R. Bondarenko, Yu.E. Dobrokhotova
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
This article critically reviews paradigm shift in obstetrics over the last three decades regarding the diagnosis and treatment of some infections of female reproductive system during pregnancy. Screening algorithms and treatment approaches to vulvovaginal candidiasis and asymptomatic bacteriuria in the course of gestation approved by clinical protocols worldwide are compared. The article provides the basis for topical application of 2% clotrimazole cream in pregnant women with manifest vulvovaginal candidiasis or asymptomatic vaginal colonization with Candida spp. Novel findings demonstrate that this treatment potentially reduces the rate of preterm birth. Despite conflicting views on the screening for infections in pregnancy, the author argues the tests for asymptomatic bacteriuria after week 14 of pregnancy to prevent severe infections of the upper and lower urinary system and to reduce the risk of preterm birth. 3 g of per os fosfomycin trometalol (Fosfomycin Esparma) is re commended as the first-line choice for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. This medication meets the requirements for drug safety and efficacy.
Keywords: pregnancy, preterm birth, vulvovaginal candidiasis, urinary infections, asymptomatic bacteriuria, clotrimazole, fosfomycin trometalol.
For citation: Bondarenko K.R., Dobrokhotova Yu.E. Current treatment modalities for certain urogenital infections in pregnancy. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2019;2(3):168–172.
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Vibrational Spectroscopy of Microhydrated Conjugate Base Anions
No full textConjugate-base anions are ubiquitous in aqueous solution. Understanding the hydration of these anions at the molecular level represents a long-standing goal in chemistry. A molecular-level perspective on ion hydration is also important for understanding the surface speciation and reactivity of aerosols, which are a central component of atmospheric and oceanic chemical cycles. In this Account, as a means of studying conjugate-base anions in water, we describe infrared multiple-photon dissociation spectroscopy on clusters in which the sulfate, nitrate, bicarbonate, and suberate anions are hydrated by a known number of water molecules. This spectral technique, used over the range of 550–1800 cm–1, serves as a structural probe of these clusters. The experiments follow how the solvent network around the conjugate-base anion evolves, one water molecule at a time. We make structural assignments by comparing the experimental infrared spectra to those obtained from electronic structure calculations. Our results show how changes in anion structure, symmetry, and charge state have a profound effect on the structure of the solvent network. Conversely, they indicate how hydration can markedly affect the structure of the anion core in a microhydrated cluster. Some key results include the following. The first few water molecules bind to the anion terminal oxo groups in a bridging fashion, forming two anion–water hydrogen bonds. Each oxo group can form up to three hydrogen bonds; one structural result, for example, is the highly symmetric, fully coordinated SO42–(H2O)6 cluster, which only contains bridging water molecules. Adding more water molecules results in the formation of a solvent network comprising water–water hydrogen bonding in addition to hydrogen bonding to the anion. For the nitrate, bicarbonate, and suberate anions, fewer bridging sites are available, namely, three, two, and one (per carboxylate group), respectively. As a result, an earlier onset of water–water hydrogen bonding is observed. When there are more than three hydrating water molecules (n > 3), the formation of a particularly stable four-membered water ring is observed for hydrated nitrate and bicarbonate clusters. This ring binds in either a side-on (bicarbonate) or top-on (nitrate) fashion. In the case of bicarbonate, additional water molecules then add to this water ring rather than directly to the anion, indicating a preference for surface hydration. In contrast, doubly charged sulfate dianions are internally hydrated and characterized by the closing of the first hydration shell at n = 12. The situation is different for the –O2C(CH2)6CO2– (suberate) dianion, which adapts to the hydration network by changing from a linear to a folded structure at n > 15. This change is driven by the formation of additional solute–solvent hydrogen bonds
Infrared spectroscopy of hydrated sulfate dianions
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98838.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
Vibrational spectra of small silicon monoxide cluster cations measured by infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy
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98809.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
Mass-selected infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of v4o10+
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98936.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
Unexpected structures of aluminum oxide clusters in the gas phase
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98828.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access
K.R. Popper’s critical rationalism
No full textAccording to the author, Popper’s critical rationalism can be seen as critical
theory and gnoseology of human cognition. Cognition, which is not the
goal, and instrument by which we can know the conditions of our lives
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