225 research outputs found
Factors associated with crisis pregnancies in Ireland: Findings from three nationally representative sexual health surveys
No full textBackground: Findings on the demographic and sexual health characteristics associated with the experience of a crisis pregnancy is important to inform the public health policy of a country, including Ireland. Findings from other jurisdictions have suggested that certain demographic groups are at risk for unintended pregnancies and the disparity between the groups have been growing in recent years. Ireland is a country which experienced much economic and societal change in the first decade of the 21st century, changes which are likely to have affected demographic variables pertaining to sexual health. The current study had two aims: to investigate changes in the socioeconomic characteristics associated with crisis pregnancies over a seven year period [2003 to 2010], and to investigate the recent [2010] socioeconomic risk factors associated with crisis pregnancies in Ireland.
Methods: The study compared the results from 18-45 year old women using data from three broadly similar nationally representative Irish sexual health surveys carried out in 2003, 2004-2006 and 2010. Chi square analysis compared of the socioeconomic characteristics across the seven year period and found that a higher proportion of women with two or more children and women for whom religion was not important reported a crisis pregnancy in 2010 compared with earlier years. A logistic regression then investigated the sexual health history and socioeconomic factors associated with the experience of a recent crisis pregnancy using the most recent 2010 data.
Results: Receipt of sex education and contraception use at first sex significantly predicted the experiencing of a recent crisis pregnancy. Younger women and those with a lower level of education were more likely to report having experienced a recent crisis pregnancy.
Conclusion: Similar demographic groups are at risk for experiencing a crisis pregnancy in Ireland compared with international research, yet the disparities between demographic groups who have experienced a crisis pregnancy appear to be decreasing rather than increasing over a seven year period. Recommendations are made with regard to the provision of continued sex education throughout the lifespan, particularly for those women who are at an increased risk of experiencing a crisis pregnancy
Social media, objectification and well-being: a critical feminist mixed methods approach
No full textThis thesis sought to investigate objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) in the context of Social Network Sites (SNSs). Mixed methods were employed to investigate whether SNSs cultivate objectifying environments and contribute to objectification, and to
explore the consequences of SNS use and objectification for psychological functioning.
A quantitative self-report study assessed the relationship between SNS use, selfsurveillance (the behavioural component of self-objectification), surveillance of others, well-being and mood state depression. Using a retrospective baseline measure and nine subsequent ecological momentary assessments completed over a week, trait and state
variables were investigated with 193 females and 49 males ranging in age from 18-68 years. Online social comparison and body shame strongly predicted state and trait selfsurveillance and surveillance of others. SNS behaviours including photo-based behaviours,
also predicted state self-surveillance. SNS variables including passive SNS use and objectification variables including self-surveillance and body shame predicted trait wellbeing. Time spent on SNSs and body shame predicted state depression.
Focus groups with 32 emerging adults (14 female and 18 male) explored whether participants perceived SNSs as objectifying environments, and whether SNSs impacted on their psychological functioning and perceptions of their own and others’ appearance. Using thematic analysis four themes were identified; “SNS use, body image and gender dynamics”, “SNS use and psychological functioning”, “SNS use and the cultivation of an ideal self” and “Pervasiveness of SNSs”. Results indicated SNSs were environments in which objectification occurs and in particular online social comparison was identified as contributing to objectification and negative psychological functioning. Collectively the findings suggest objectification occurs and is facilitated by SNSs, and SNS use and self-objectification have consequences for psychological functioning. In particular, this thesis provides strong support for the role of online social comparison and body shame in contributing to objectification and negative psychological functioning
Rape: a history from 1860 to the present
No full textJoanna Bourke, author of the critically-acclaimed Fear, unflinchingly and controversially moves away from looking at victims to look at the rapists. She examines the nature of rape, drawing together the work of criminologists, sociologists and psychiatrists to analyse what drives the perpetrators of sexual violence. Rape - A History looks at the perception of rape, both in the mass media and the wider public, and considers the crucial questions of treatment and punishment. Should sexual offenders be castrated? Will Freud's couch or the behaviourists' laboratory work most effectively? Particular groups of offenders such as female abusers, psychopaths and exhibitionists are given special attention here, as are potentially dangerous environments, including the home, prison, and the military. By demystifying the category of the rapist and revealing the specificities of the past, Joanna Bourke dares to consider a future in which sexual violence has been placed outside the human experience
Exploring child well-being: An integration of children’s rights and psychological perspectives
No full textDespite the proliferation of references to well-being in educational policy and practice, it is frequently applied within a theoretical vacuum. There is a general consensus that holistic, multidimensional theories are best placed to address the complex concept of well-being, including both positive affect and pleasure elements and meaning-seeking and engagement elements. This chapter examines the synergies and tensions between the human rights perspective and subjective well-being to consider how Human Rights Education (HRE) and well-being in education can be optimised by drawing on both approaches. Through an
examination of psychological theories such as Self Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000) and Broaden-and Build (Fredrickson, 2004) the chapter focuses on autonomy and participation, including teaching and learning approaches, and using emotions in education. It is argued that given that HRE is relatively more established, well-being should build on what has already been done in HRE, particularly in relation to participation and autonomy, while there are areas where HRE that could be informed by the well-being perspective, including the strengthening of the affective and relational dimensions
GSNSW Exploration NSW Area C Bourke total count grid geodetic
No full textMaintenance and Update Frequency: notPlannedStatement: This GSNSW Exploration NSW Area C Bourke total count grid geodetic is an airborne-derived radiometric terrestrial dose rate grid for the NSW DMR, Discovery 2000, 1994-95, AREA C, Bourke survey. The survey was acquired under the project No. 733 for the geological survey of NSW. The grid has a cell size of 0.00063 degrees (approximately 65m). A total of 93000 line-kilometres of data at a line spacing of 250m were acquired to produce this grid. The terrestrial dose rate grid is derived as a linear combination of the filtered K, U and Th grids. Details of the specifications of individual airborne surveys can be found in the Fourteenth Edition of the Index of Airborne Geophysical Surveys (Percival, 2014). This Index is also available online at http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/79134.
Reference:
Percival, P.J., 2014. Index of airborne geophysical surveys (Fourteenth Edition).The radiometric, or gamma-ray spectrometric method, measures the natural variations in the gamma-rays detected near the Earth's surface as the result of the natural radioactive decay of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The data collected are processed via standard methods to ensure the response recorded is that due only to the rocks in the ground. The results produce datasets that can be interpreted to reveal the geological structure of the sub-surface. The processed data is checked for quality by GA geophysicists to ensure that the final data released by GA are fit-for-purpose. The terrestrial dose rate grid is derived as a linear combination of the filtered K, U and Th grids. A low pass filter is applied to this grid to generate the filtered terrestrial dose rate grid.<br/>This GSNSW Exploration NSW Area C Bourke total count grid geodetic has a cell size of 0.00063 degrees (approximately 65m) and shows the terrestrial dose rate of the NSW DMR, Discovery 2000, 1994-95, AREA C, Bourke. The data used to produce this grid was acquired in 1995 by the NSW Government, and consisted of 93000 line-kilometres of data at 250m line spacing and 60m terrain clearance
Erskine Caldwell and Margaret Bourke-White: You Have Seen Their Faces
No full textIn 1937, Erskine Caldwell, the noted Southern author ofTobacco RoadandGod's Little Acre, and Margaret Bourke-White, the famous photographer forFortuneandLifemagazines, publishedYou Have Seen Their Faces. The documentary was a devastating broadside on Southern delinquencies. Right from the opening paragraph, Caldwell began painting an image of the South as a benighted region.</jats:p
Dear Kit, Dear Skinny: The Letters of Erskine Caldwell and Margaret Bourke-White
No full textThis article highlights some of the material found in the Margaret Bourke-White Papers in the Syracuse University Special Collections. The collection contains a good deal of correspondence between Margaret, a journalist for Life magazine and her husband, the American author Erskine Caldwell. The collection provides indispensable documentation of the artists\u27 personal lives in the years 1936 through 1942
Author Guidelines of the Australian Occupational Therapy Journal – revised 2017
No full textIn 2017, the ‘Author Guidelines’ for the Australian Occupational Therapy Journal were revised so as to better inform prospective contributors of the journal's aim and scope; submission and reporting format requirements; ethical considerations; manuscript types available; governing copyright principles; and publishing processes. The guidelines now align minimum information requirements with the increasingly complex and rapidly evolving regulatory, standards and technical context of scholarly publishing.No Full Tex
‘Teachers matter’: the impact of mandatory reporting on teacher education in Ireland
No full textThe role of teachers in safeguarding the welfare of children is long
acknowledged. However, recent research in Ireland found that the training
provided to teachers on child protection issues was lacking (Buckley and
McGarry, 2011). The frequent interactions teachers have with children and their
expertise in terms of typical child development place them in an ideal position for
identifying possible signs of abuse. Yet despite this advantage, research indicates
that schools fail to report a substantial proportion of suspected child abuse cases
(Kenny, 2004). The oft cited reasons for this may be conceptualised as; explicit
reasons such as, a lack of knowledge about child abuse issues; and implicit
reasons such as, the individual teachers’ belief system about abuse. The current
paper discusses implicit as well as explicit obstacles to teachers’ ‘engagement’
with, and consequent barriers to their responding to, child protection issues. The
current changes in initial teacher education and the introduction of mandatory
reporting for professionals in Ireland, is an opportune time to raise this issue and
the need for holistic education in child protection for teachers
Rape revisited: Joanna Bourke reflects on historicising sexual violence, in conversation with Ruth Beecher
No full textJoanna Bourke’s career as a social and cultural historian span more than three decades. She is a Professor of History at Birkbeck, University of London, a Fellow of the British Academy and the current Professor of Rhetoric at Gresham College. She is the prizewinning author of sixteen books, including histories of violence, modern warfare, medicine and science, psychology and psychiatry, the emotions, pain and what it means to be human. Her ground-breaking 2007 book Rape debunked ‘theories’ espoused by academics, doctors, lawyers and scientists that it was women who were responsible for rape; she insisted that we place the responsibility for sexual violence firmly with the rapist. It catalysed a new and vibrant scholarship. In 2018, Bourke established the Wellcome Trust-funded Sexual Harms and Medical Encounters (SHaME) Research Hub at Birkbeck to explore the role of medicine and psychiatry in sexual violence. The reflections below are based on a conversation between Bourke and Ruth Beecher, a post-doctoral historian and applied researcher in the SHaME team. It took place on the publication of Bourke’s new book, Disgrace: Global Reflections on Sexual Violence, published by Reaktion Books in July 2022. Disgrace explores how sexual violence varies widely across time and place, delving into the factors that facilitate violence and giving voice to survivors and activists. Ultimately, Bourke argues for a transnational feminism that will promote a rape- and violence-free world
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