467 research outputs found
Paddy Field Classification by Remote Sensing
No full textClassification of paddy field is one of noteworthy problems in connection with recent paddy conversion program. In this paper, the author tries to estimate productivity of paddy field by using LANDSAT MSS data of Naganumacho, Hokkaido in July 1982. As for ground truth data, Mean Paddy Yield by Village, which is provided by the 1980 Agricultural Census, and Aerial Photo taken in early June 1982, are used so as to distinguish between two types of paddy fields, each of which belongs to high or low paddy yielding area. In this case, it seems successful to extract low yielding paddy fields, which is closely related with soil condition. Improving such method shown in this paper contributes to the analysis and planning of paddy conversion problems. This paper is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Osamu Nishikawa in celebration of his sixtieth birthday
Parameterization of canopy resistance for modeling the energy partitioning of a paddy rice field
No full textModels for predicting hourly canopy resistance (rc) and latent heat flux (LET) based on the Penman–Monteith (PM) and bulk transfer methods are presented. The micrometeorological data and LET were observed during paddy rice-growing seasons in 2010 in Japan. One approach to model rc was using an aerodynamic resistance (ra) and climatic resistance (r*), while another one was based on a relationship with solar radiation (SR). Nonlinear relationships between rc and r*, and between rc and SR were found for different growing stages of the rice crop. The constructed rc models were integrated to the PM and bulk transfer methods and compared with measured LET using a Bowen ratio–energy balance method. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) were 155.2 and 170.5 W m−2 for the bulk transfer method with rc estimated using r* and with a function of SR, respectively, while the RMSEs were 87.4 and 85.7 W m−2 for the PM method with rc estimated using r* and SR, respectively. The rc integrated PM equation provided better performance than the bulk transfer equation. The results also revealed that neglecting the effect of ra on rc did not yield a significant difference in predicting LET.Water Resource
Use of delta-d technology to prevent paddy straw burning and to produce paddy straw powder in the paddy field which can be used as organic fertiliser and a low cost, renewable fuel for thermal and electrical power generation
No full textCoal is cheap compared to most other
fossil fuels. However, the higher emission of CO2
has made coal, one of the major contributors to
greenhouse effect, global warming and climate
change on earth. Forest cover and agriculture are
the main absorption systems that reduce CO2 in
the atmosphere by photosynthesis. Sometimes
forests are major contributors of CO2 to the
atmosphere due to sporadic bushfires around the
world. Agriculture, on the other hand, absorbs
CO2, produces food, creates employment, and
maintains a healthy, sustainable and safe eco
system which never causes bush fires. Sri Lanka’s
major food crop is paddy, and the annual
production is more than 3.5 million MT. Paddy
straw (PS) is the major by-product and its annual
production is more than 5 million MT. Presently,
paddy is harvested by combined harvesters and
after the harvest, straw stubble and cut pieces are
scattered in the paddy field. Since PS is a major
hindrance to field preparation for the next crop,
with minimum turnaround time, most of the
farmers burn PS, which causes atmospheric
pollution due to emission of, heat, CO, CO2, SOx,
NOx, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), and
particulate matter. Delta-D Technology is a
patented technology, invented by the author of this
paper. By using Delta-D Technology all types of
organic waste can be rapidly digested and
converted into powder. This paper discusses
research carried out by the author, to convert
large quantities of PS, lying in the paddy field, into
a paddy straw powder (PSP). PSP can be easily
combusted in a furnace or a boiler by spraying
into the combustion zon
Rotational Cropping Introducing Tama Ryegrass Renge, (Astragalus sinicus), Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata var tecnus) and Horse Bean (Vicia faba) in Paddy Field
No full textThe author was successful in introducing Tama Rye grass mixed with Renge by surface sowing just after the harvest of rice in paddy fields (in dried up condition). The grasses were cut 3-4 cm long, spread between young plants of rice after transplanting and the paddy field filled with water. Then the grasses covered well for depressing weed growth and contributed as green manures. The author was also successful in introducing grasses in rice fields and producing pumpkin or corn then horse beans in paddy fields after they dried up. This rotational cropping of grass -rice- corn or pumpkin and horse beans in paddy fields is named Kawase’s Rotational Cropping
Identification and isolation of active N2O reducers in rice paddy soil
No full textDissolved N2O is occasionally detected in surface and ground water in rice paddy fields, whereas little or no N2O is emitted to the atmosphere above these fields. This indicates the occurrence of N2O reduction in rice paddy fields; however, identity of the N2O reducers is largely unknown. In this study, we employed both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches to identify N2O reducers in rice paddy soil. In a soil microcosm, N2O and succinate were added as the electron acceptor and donor, respectively, for N2O reduction. For the stable isotope probing (SIP) experiment, 13C-labeled succinate was used to identify succinate-assimilating microbes under N2O-reducing conditions. DNA was extracted 24 h after incubation, and heavy and light DNA fractions were separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analysis targeting the 16S rRNA and the N2O reductase gene were performed. For culture-dependent analysis, the microbes that elongated under N2O-reducing conditions in the presence of cell division inhibitors were individually captured by a micromanipulator and transferred to a low-nutrient medium. The N2O-reducing ability of these strains was examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results of the SIP analysis suggested that Burkholderiales and Rhodospirillales bacteria dominated the population under N2O-reducing conditions, in contrast to the control sample (soil incubated with only 13C-succinate added). Results of the single-cell isolation technique also indicated that the majority of the N2O-reducing strains belonged to the genera Herbaspirillum (Burkholderiales) and Azospirillum (Rhodospirillales). In addition, Herbaspirillum strains reduced N2O faster than Azospirillum strains. These results suggest that Herbaspirillum spp. may have an important role in N2O reduction in rice paddy soils
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Seasonal variation of methane flux from a California rice paddy
No full textTo allow increased understanding of the global budget of atmospheric methane, individual methane sources require investigation. We have measured methane emissions from a California rice paddy during the entire 1982 growing season. A very strong seasonal dependence was observed. -from Author
DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE DEVICE FOR DRYING PADDY
No full textThe author of the article describes the results of scientific research aimed at creating a patented new design of a mobile drum device and ensuring an increase in the amount of paddy due to high-quality drying by substantiating its parameters. Firstly, an analysis of scientific research and patent information materials of existing devices for drying sludge working in a convective way, the existing advantages and the main disadvantages of existing devices are determined. Based on the analysis, the requirements of the newly developed device for drying the paddy are formed, theoretical research is carried out, the purpose of which was to determine the changing quantitative and qualitative indicators in the drying process, to substantiate the basic requirements and parameters of the developed device. Secondly, a structural and constructive scheme has been developed for a new device for drying paddy, which prevents the main disadvantages of the existing devices. The advantages of the proposed device for drying paddy are shown. According to the structural and constructive diagrams and to the developed technical requirements, a physical model of the device for drying the paddy an experimental model of a device for drying the cuttings was made and. The technical characteristics of the experimental sample are given, according to which the energy and resource saving of the proposed device for drying the paddy is visible. Thirdly, the opportunity was created to determine the kinematic parameters of the movement of the embankment of the paddy in the drying drum of a mobile device determine the kinematic parameters of the movement of the embankment paddy in the dryer drum. Programs have been developed to that plot the trajectory of the center of gravity on the plane, change the projection of the center of gravity, change the projection of the velocity of the center of gravity, change the projection of acceleration on the coordinate axes of the section of the embankment paddy in the dryer drum. It is shown that the obtained dimensions determined the geometric dimensions of the drying drum, developed the theoretical basis for creating the operating temperature of the drying agent in the drying drum and a method for determining the specific heat capacity of the paddy. The results of the study can be used in the design of new grain dryers and the expansion of ideas about increasing the number of useful products in grain processing
A whole-body Fast Field-Cycling scanner for clinical molecular imaging studies
No full textThe authors would like to thank the clinical teams of the Royal Aberdeen Infirmary for their support, in particular Dr German Guzman-Guttierez, Mr Paddy Ashcroft, Dr Tanja Gagliardi, Prof Steven Heys, Prof Alison Murray and Prof Graeme Murray. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 668119 (project “IDentIFY”).Peer reviewe
The Theatre Plays of Paddy Chayefsky: A Critical Analysis of Craft and Content
No full textTo be more concerned with the conflicts of the individual\u27s interior world than with the significance of his public deeds has been the growing tendency of the modern theatre. As a representative of the contemporary theatre in America, Paddy Chayefsky has concerned himself with people in their relations with their environment and themselves as they search for some meaningful pattern for their lives.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze critically the four theatre plays of Paddy Chayefsky in order to discover the apparent vision of the author
Long-term cultivation of Bt rice expressing the Cry1Ab/1Ac gene reduced phytoparasitic nematode abundance but did not affect other nematode parameters in paddy fields
No full textThe uncertainty of ecological risks and the effects of growing transgenic Bt rice on the environment hamper its commercial production. Here, soil nematode communities were used as an indicator of soil health and soil food web structure to evaluate the potential effects of growing Bt rice without chemical insecticides for 3 years in the paddy field. The nematodes and soil physicochemical properties of Bt rice fields were compared to the near-isogenic control, non-Bt rice fields. A total of 108,363 specimens belonging to 28 different genera were enumerated. The Hirschmanniella, Tobrilus, Dorylaimus and Filenchus were dominant genera. A three-year paddy rice cultivation of Bt rice (Huahui 1) negatively affected the abundance of phytoparasitic nematodes but did not affect the total number of nematodes, the abundance and relative abundance of free-living nematodes, genera richness, diversity indices, soil food web conditions, or community compositions. However, apparent seasonal and inter-annual changes in these variables were observed, indicating that the impact of environmental factors was more stronger than that of the Bt toxin. In conclusion, the potential ecological risks of Bt rice on soil health and sustainability warrant further research to disentangle the impacts from various confounding environmental factors. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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