514 research outputs found
Flaws and myths in the case for Scottish fiscal autonomy
No full textPaper argues that some of the claimed advantages of fiscal federalism "may not be as robust as asserted by its proponents". The incentive of retained tax revenues would be no greater under fiscal autonomy than under forms of fiscal federalism or decentralisation. It is an assumption that the return of higher tax revenues would provide an incentive to Scottish politicians to promote growth. "There is a lack of empirical evidence that the pursuit of higher revenues and expenditure is a paramount concern for sub central governments." The case for fiscal autonomy implies that local politicians are forward-looking and have low time discount rates, "not a characteristic normally associated with the practice of politics"
Article and Author Level Measurements
No full textArticle and author level measurements have been discussed in this Unit. Author and researcher identifiers are absolutely essential for searching databases in the WWW because a name like D Singh can harbour a number of names such as Dan Singh, Dhan Singh, Dhyan Singh, Darbara Singh, Daulat Singh, Durlabh Singh and more. The ResearcherID.com, launched by Thomson Reuters, is a web-based global registry of authors and researchers that individualises each and every name. Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) is also a registry that uniquely identifies an author or researcher. Both have been discussed in this Unit. Article Level Metrics (Altmetrics) has been treated in this Unit with the discussion as to how altmetrics can be measured with Altmetric.com and ImpactStory.org. Altmetrics for Online Journals has also been touched. There are a number of academic social networks of which ResearchGate.net, Academia.edu, GetCited.org, etc. have been discussed. Regional journal networks with bibliometric indicators are also in existence. Two networks of this type such as SciELO – Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Redalyc have been dealt with. This Unit discusses in details aspects such as Unique Identifiers for Authors and Researchers; Article Level Metrics (Altmetrics); Academic Social Networks; and Regional Journal Networks with Bibliometric Indicators
Entrepreneurial Interest, Vision and the Self-employment Choice Decision in UK Regions
No full textAshcroft B., Holden D. and Low K. Entrepreneurial interest, vision and the self-employment choice decision in UK regions, Regional Studies. This paper takes the standard model of self-employment choice and extends it to allow for differences in the potential for self-employment amongst employees. Four groups of entrepreneurs are hypothesized: actual, potential, latent, and non-entrepreneurs. Both the standard model and the 'sequential' model are estimated on a UK data set, allowing for both 'super' and standard region variations. The sequential model offers distinct advantages over the standard model. The results have implications for national and regional entrepreneurship policy because they reveal a clear distinction between the factors governing interest in entrepreneurship and those influencing start-up from within the interested group. [image omitted] Ashcroft B., Holden D. et Low K. L'esprit d'entreprise, la vision et le choix du travail independant dans les regions du R-U, Regional Studies. Le point de depart de cet article est le modele type du choix du travail independant, et on le developpe afin de tenir compte des differences quant aux qualites necessaires pour que les salaries puissent travailler a leur propre compte. On emet une hypothese relative a quatre groupes d'entrepreneurs: des entrepreneurs reels, potentiels, latents et autres. Le modele type et le modele 'sequentiel', tous les deux, sont estimes a partir d'un ensemble de donnees pour le R-U, qui tient compte des variations dans les regions 'super' et les regions type. Le modele sequentiel offre des avantages particuliers par rapport au modele type. Les resultats soulevent des implications pour les politiques nationale et regionale en faveur de l'esprit d'entreprise parce qu'ils laissent voir une distinction tres nette entre les facteurs qui influent sur l'interet pour l'esprit d'entreprise et ceux qui influent sur la creation d'entreprise au sein du groupe interesse. Travail independant Esprit d'entreprise Creation d'entreprise Politique regionale Ashcroft B., Holden D. und Low K. Interesse am Unternehmertum, unternehmerische Vision und die Entscheidung zur Selbststandigkeit in den Regionen Grossbritanniens, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag erweitern wir das Standardmodell der Entscheidung zur Selbststandigkeit, um die Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Potenziale von verschiedenen Angestellten zur Selbststandigkeit zu berucksichtigen. Es werden vier Gruppen von Unternehmern hypothetisiert: tatsachliche, potenzielle, latente und Nichtunternehmer. Anhand eines Datensatzes aus Grossbritannien werden sowohl das Standard- als auch das 'sequenzielle' Modell geschatzt, wobei die Abweichungen von 'Super'- und Standardregionen berucksichtigt werden. Das sequenzielle Modell bietet gegenuber dem Standardmodell klare Vorteile. Die Ergebnisse wirken sich auf die nationalen und regionalen Grundsatze zur Unternehmensforderung aus, denn sie zeigen einen klaren Unterschied zwischen den Faktoren, die sich auf das Interesse am Unternehmertum auswirken, und den Faktoren, die innerhalb der interessierten Gruppe eine Unternehmensgrundung beeinflussen. Selbststandigkeit Unternehmertum Firmengrundung Regionalpolitik Ashcroft B., Holden D. y Low K. Interes empresarial, vision y la opcion del empleo autonomo en las regiones britanicas, Regional Studies. En este articulo tomamos el modelo estandar de la opcion de empleo autonomo y lo ampliamos para tener en cuenta las diferencias en el potencial de trabajar por cuenta propia que tienen los empleados. Se muestran cuatro grupos de empresarios como hipotesis: empresarios actuales, potenciales, latentes y no empresarios. Se calculan tanto el modelo estandar como el modelo 'secuencial' en un conjunto de datos britanicos, teniendo en cuenta las variaciones regionales 'super' y estandar. El modelo secuencial ofrece distintas ventajas en comparacion con el modelo estandar. Los resultados afectan a la politica empresarial tanto nacional como regional porque ponen de relieve una clara distincion entre los factores que gobiernan el interes empresarial y los que influyen en la creacion de empresas dentro del grupo interesado. Empleo autonomo Interes empresarial Creacion de empresas Politica regionalSelf-employment, Entrepreneurship, Firm formation, Regional policy,
New firm formation in British counties: comparing the 1990s with the 1980s
No full textNew firm formation has continued to play a key role in regional development policies across the globe for more than twenty years. Successful policy requires a clear understanding of the underlying determinants of the business birth rate and there is good reason to believe that the fundamentals may be subject to change. Armington and Acs (2002) argue for a fresh examination of the subject in the United States, in part because of developments in spatial theory including the new economic geography (Krugman 1991a, 1991b, 1994) and endogenous growth theory (Romer, 1990; Nijkamp and Poot, 1989) and because of the evolution of the regional economy. They contend that the motivation for much of the literature on new firm formation in the 1980s was high levels of unemployment in traditional US industrial regions. But the focus of the literature today is different, emphasising high technology start-ups as a critical driver of the new economy. In this paper, we pose a similar question for the UK regions. Specifically, we seek to apply and develop the model tested by one of the present authors and colleagues on 1980s data, to data for the 1990s (Ashcroft, Love and Malloy, 1991). The paper is in five parts. First, we discuss the measurement of new firm formation in the UK regional context. Secondly, we identify some stylised facts on the variation of new firm formation in British counties in the 1980s and 1990s. The third part of the paper specifies the model used in our work on the 1980s and discusses the earlier findings. Part 4 tests the model on data for the 1990s, retests for key variables rejected on 1980s data and introduces new variables to reflect developments in theory and the evolution of UK regional economies. The final part of the paper compares the explanation of new firm formation in the 1980s with the estimates for the later period. In this section implications for policy and future directions for research are considered
Public spending and Scottish devolution : crowding out, or crowding in?
No full textThere has been a developing debate about the performance of the Scottish economy under devolution and the effect of the expansion of the public sector on Scottish growth. Several commentators have expressed concern that the size of the public sector in Scotland is now a drag on growth, while others take a more sanguine view. This debate is well summarised in Marsh and Zuleeg (2006). However, this is a debate in which the evidence is often not well marshalled and there is often more heat than light generated. There is a suspicion that arguments about the effect and role of the public sector often derive more from the ultimate values and political preferences of proponents than from hard analysis and evidence
The Scottish economy
No full textAn update of and answer to Industry, Policy and the Scottish Economy (published in 1984) this book critically examines the shape of the Scottish economy, and considers contemporary and future policy issues within the context of the global economy. Supported by the Royal Bank of Scotland, Scottish Enterprise and Strathclyde International Business Unit, the book focuses on the future competitiveness of Scotland's economy, and it's industries and enterprises. The contributors are leading figures in business, the public sector and academia
Book review: The economics of small firms: an introduction
No full textThis review discusses the book 'The economics of small firms: an introduction' by Peter Johnson
Z problematyki wartości duchowych rosyjskiego prawosławia – „Dziennik pisarza” emigranta B.K. Zajcewa
No full textThe prose written by a representative of the First Wave of Russian Emigration
– B.K. Zaytsev – has been investigated in Poland since the 1980s, and at the beginning
of the 21st century we know that there are some academic centers and researchers that
have dedicated their work to different aspects of the prose written by the author
of ’A Writer’s Diary’.
This article examines Zaytsev’s essays devoted to the spiritual values of the Russian Orthodox Church. Their essence is described in Zaytsev’s essays about John of
Kronstadt or the Optina Hermitage, which is where Russian notables such as N. Gogol,
V. Solovyov, K. Leontyev, F. Dostoyevsky or even L. Tolstoy himself came to seek advice.
Zaytsev’s essays: ‘The history of the Russian soul’ and ‘One more time about Athos’ are
very important as they provide an understanding of the values of the Russian Orthodox
Church. In the latter the author contemplates his visit to the monks of Athos reminiscing
about their kindness, rectitude and modesty which, according to Zaytsev, ‘calmed
his own soul’
Gauging the difference that makes a difference: A framework for valuation of information
No full textElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
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