1,721,012 research outputs found
A comprehensive overview of wet chemistry methodologies and their application in the fabrication of materials for PEM fuel cell
No full textClean energy devices have a great ability to change the world because they strengthen the economy and preserve society. The continuous improvement and progress in nanomaterials and nanotechnology have a great role in human life. The increasing prevalence of PEM fuel cells makes them one of the most viable sustainable energy sources. Nanostructured materials synthesis methodologies have introduced a breakthrough and found to overcome the obstacles for PEMFC commercialization. Amongst them, wet chemical approaches are rapidly expanding and beneficial for the fabrication of nanoparticles since they contribute toward the attainment of a range of essential nanoparticle characteristics like sizes, morphologies, structures, and phases. Wet chemical manufacturing enables fine-tuning of reaction parameters to generate the desired nanomaterials. This review article focuses on the latest improvements in wet chemical methods to better regulate the quality of nanomaterials. This paper examines how wet chemical approaches (hydrothermal synthesis, spray pyrolysis, sol-gel processing, and co-precipitate synthesis, among others) can contribute to the scalable manufacturing of nanoparticles to uphold rising industrial requirements. And how wet chemical methods have a significant influence on power generation systems (Fuel cells) along with their pros and cons. This review carefully analyzes and summarizes synthetic methods and optimized factors in order to prepare nanoparticles and carefully analyzes the reported data. In this paper, the electrochemical analysis, morphological evaluation, compositional analysis, and performance testing of materials produced using wet chemical techniques have been investigated. Recent signs of progress and innovative techniques used to overcome the complexities of synthetic nanoparticle processing. This article is a holistic approach including social, economic, and ecological aspects in the wet chemical process and will certainly help in the fabrication, and application of nanoparticles for PEM Fuel cells
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Symbolic Regression Method for Estimating Distance Between Two Coils of an Inductive Wireless Power Transfer System
No full textSymbolic regression (SR) has emerged as a powerful tool for the characterization of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems, estimating the distance between coils and finding the relationship between frequency and phase so as to find the best frequency to increase the power factor. This study explores the application of SR on both simulated and experimental data, demonstrating its effectiveness with low prediction errors. SR employs a genetic algorithm to identify the analytical formula that best represents the input–output relationship, combining the strengths of traditional machine learning and analytical modeling. The results, with prediction errors of less than 1%, indicate that SR not only enhances predictive accuracy but also provides insights into the underlying physical principles governing WPT systems. This dual advantage positions SR as a valuable method for optimizing WPT applications, paving the way for further research and development in this field
Artificial Neural Networks for Photovoltaic Power Forecasting: A Review of Five Promising Models
No full textSolar energy is largely dependent on weather conditions, resulting in unpredictable, fluctuating, and unstable photovoltaic (PV) power outputs. Thus, accurate PV power forecasts are increasingly crucial for managing and controlling integrated energy systems. Over the years, advanced artificial neural network (ANN) models have been proposed to increase the accuracy of PV power forecasts for various geographical regions. Hence, this paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the five most popular and advanced ANN models for PV power forecasting. These include multilayer perceptron (MLP), recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and convolutional neural network (CNN). First, the internal structure and operation of these models are studied. It is then followed by a brief discussion of the main factors affecting their forecasting accuracy, including forecasting horizons, meteorological conditions, and evaluation metrics. Next, an in-depth and separate analysis of standalone and hybrid models is provided. It has been determined that bidirectional GRU and LSTM, whether used as a standalone model or in a hybrid configuration, offer greater forecasting accuracy. Furthermore, hybrid and upgraded metaheuristic algorithms have demonstrated exceptional performance when applied to standalone and hybrid ANN models. Finally, this study discusses various limitations and shortcomings that may influence the practical implementation of PV power forecasting
Evaluation of Technical Aspects of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Power Installations on Farmland
No full textThis research evaluates the technical and economic aspects of solar photovoltaic (PV) power installations on farmland, utilizing a simulation model in MATLAB to forecast annual system output based on nominal power and meteorological data. This study compares various configurations, including single-sided versus double-sided modules and fixed versus tracker structures, to determine their efficiency, losses, and economic viability. The findings indicate that, while theoretically superior technologies may offer better production rates, their economic feasibility varies significantly depending on specific project conditions. The main conclusions drawn from this research emphasize that land-based PV systems present a promising solution for sustainable energy generation. By addressing challenges such as solar energy intermittency and the need for supportive infrastructure, this study highlights the potential for these systems to significantly contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing energy resilience. This analysis underscores the importance of optimizing configurations to maximize both technical performance and economic returns, ultimately supporting a transition towards a more sustainable energy future
Shifting trends: Exploring different polymer hosts and polyelectrolyte systems for efficient sodium-ion batteries
No full textBatteries and electrical energy storage systems are under huge load to meet the energy demands of an exponentially growing population. Currently, most of these demands are being tackled with Lithium-Ion Batteries. Certain key issues such as high cost, low availability, and potentially hazardous effects of mining of electrode materials are related to this huge rate of commercialization of lithium-ion batteries. Sodium Ion batteries have proven themselves as the most suitable alternative to LIBs, mainly due to their global plentifulness, similar electrochemical properties, and low cost. Utilization of the polymer electrolytes further improve the stability, electrochemical performance, and application of SIBs. This review enlightens various types of polymer electrolytes and polymeric hosts that can be used as an electrolyte in SIBs with in-depth knowledge about electrochemical and electrothermal behavior of LPEs, GPEs, SPEs, and CPEs. In addition, various polymer hosts also have been discussed for application in SIBs, such as PEO, PTMC, PAN, PMMA, PVdF-HFP, PU, PVP, and Chitosan with their possible nature of the polyelectrolyte systems such as LPEs, GPEs, SPEs and CPEs. Moreover, this work also highlights the main approaches that can be used to fabricate polymer electrolytes for fast sodium ion conduction, proving to be a mind-changing perspective for the commercialization of SIBs. And finally providing an insightful pathway for future research direction in the field of polymer electrolytes for SIBs. Altogether, it is anticipated that this discussion will contribute towards answering core research challenges regarding polymer electrolytes for advanced SIBs and boosting the real-world deployment of SIBs for energy storage technologies
A Review of Load Frequency Control Schemes Deployed for Wind-Integrated Power Systems
No full textLoad frequency control (LFC) has recently gained importance due to the increasing integration of wind energy in contemporary power systems. Hence, several power system models, control techniques, and controllers have been developed to improve the efficiency, resilience, flexibility, and economic feasibility of LFC. Critical factors, such as energy systems, resources, optimization approaches, resilience, and transient stability have been studied to demonstrate the uniqueness of the proposed design. This paper examines the most recent advances in LFC techniques for wind-based power systems. Moreover, the use of classical, artificial intelligence, model predictive control, sliding mode control, cascade controllers, and other newly designed and adopted controllers in the LFC area is thoroughly examined. Statistical analysis and a comparison table are used to evaluate the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of various controllers. Finally, this paper presents a comprehensive overview of contemporary and other widely used soft computing tools for the LFC issue. This detailed literature review will assist researchers in overcoming the gap between current progress, application, limitations, and future developments of wind energy in LFC
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