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Tree species diversity, topsoil conditions and arbuscular mycorrhizal association in the Sidama traditional agroforestry land use, Southern Ethiopia
No full textStatus of Native Tree Diversity in Relation to Land-Use in the Merhabete District, Ethiopia
No full textMost studies undertaken on native fodder and fruit species have focused on planting preferences and socioeconomic importance. The focus has been less on diversity aspects. This study aimed to make a comparative investigation on the status of native fodder and fruit tree /shrub diversity and their management in three land types in Merhabete district, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. A total of 127 households were randomly selected for interviews on management practices and threats to the targeted species. Furthermore, 90 sampling plots representing three land use types were used for vegetation data collection. Altogether, a total of 34 tree /shrub species were recorded from three land use types in the study area. Out of the 34 tree/shrub species identified, 31 (91.2 %) species were native fodder and fruit tree/shrub species, and the remaining 3 (8.8 %) were exotic tree/shrub species. The mean tree/shrubdiversity, species richness, and species density were significantly higher in the remnant natural forest than in homegarden and parkland (p≤0.05). Likewise, the highest tree basal area was recorded in remnant natural forest, followed by homegarden and parklands. The common management practices for native fodder and fruit species were pollarding, thinning, pruning, lopping, and fencing. Based on the findings, it is concluded that species diversities and stem numbers were lower in parkland than in other land-use types. Therefore, it is recommended that planting native fodder and fruit tree/shrub species on parkland is essential to enhance the conservation and domestication process of the targeted species
Assessment of farmers\u27 management activities on scattered trees on crop fields at Gemechis district, West Hararge Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Get PDFPurpose: This study was designed to assess farmers\u27 management activities on scattered trees/shrubs on crop fields at Welargi and Hidha Dima kebeles in Gemechis district, West Hararghe Zone. Key informants and household interviews were used.Methodology: Data collected from key informants and household interviews was analyzed using software SPSS version 20 (statistical package for social science). The analyzed data was summarized in narrative form and presented in descriptive mannerResult finding: The result showed that, farmers deliberately retained/planted and managed different tree/shrub species. Trees/shrubs scattered on crop fields were identified along their uses. The identified trees/shrubs were seventeen in number and their uses were for soil fertility improvement, animal feed, food, fuelwood, timber, construction and cash income. Management activities they used for managements of different trees/shrubs species were pruning, pollarding and coppicing. Tree-crop based farming system is the most widely distributed agroforestry practice in the study area. Under this practice, the most abundant retained tree species on crop fields by farmers is Croton macrostachyus, under which sorgum and maize were the most dominantly intercropped crops. This study demonstrated that pruning activities is the most dominant management activities for scattered on-farm trees/shrubs in the study area.Recommendations: Farmers\u27 management activities knowledge to be integrated with scientific knowledge to enrich their knowledge and techniques for practice, such as pruning and pollarding time, intensity etc., deserves attention. Study on litter quality (litter decomposition) and nutrient dynamics in the canopy tissues of this tree species should be conducted in order to determine when branches have to be pruned and pollarded for off-site uses or in situ soil conservation activities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Institutional Settings and Integration of different actors in Watershed Management. A case of the Wondo Genet Watershed in the Rift Valley Lakes Basin in Ethiopia.
Get PDFThe essence of watershed management with the involvement of different actors built its base in Ethiopia as the only option to conserve and protect watershed resources and enhance land productivity for betterment of life. However, the integration of different actors and institutional arrangement for sustained watershed management still remains weak; results in elevated competing claims over scarce resources, mismanagement and poor cooperation between actors. This study was designed to assess and recommend on integration of different actors and institutional settings in watershed management of the Wondo Genet watershed in the south central of Rift Valley Lakes Basin. The research methodology involved review of relevant literatures and field assessments based on key focus points. The result revealed that there is weak integration between different actors dependent on watershed resources within and among different watershed strata. Overlapping responsibilities between public organizations, missing of watershed management component in key watershed actors and poor capacity of institutions in charge to enforce noncompliance are some. According to the participating respondents, this contributed to increased illegal settlement on sensitive sloppy remnant natural forest, degrading traditionally built upstream-downstream inter-linkages and interdependences in irrigation water sharing, competing claims and conflicts over resources use. Key words: actor, scarce resources, Wondo Genet watershed, strata, remnant natural fores
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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