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Species Richness and Composition of Bird Community in Abalo-Gunacho Forest, Southern Ethiopia
No full textThis paper presents results of avifaunal survey made in Abalo-Gunacho forest, southern Ethiopia, in May 2014 to determine the species richness and to examine guild composition of bird community of the forest. Birds were surveyed using Timed-Species Count technique along eight randomly selected transects. Fifty-one species were observed during the survey period, while Chao 2 species richness estimator predicted that the total number of species pool of the forest’s bird community would be 55 species, suggesting that only few species were missed. This species pool comprises of seven (near) endemic species and ten highland biome- and six Somali-Masai-restricted species, indicating that this forest has significant importance for bird conservation. Based on mean values of the relative abundance index scores obtained from the eight transects, over half of the species recorded were rare. At guild level, bird community of this forest is dominated by those considered to be forest (i.e., dense and woodland forests) species guild, which accounted for about three-fourth of the total species, and by insectivore feeding guild [33 species (65%)]. As these two guilds are known to be very sensitive to forest conversion, their dominance in the present study area may reflect that this forest is relatively in a good condition. In general, regardless of some recently emerging threats (such as cultivation, settlement and gold mining), Abalo-Gunacho forest may represent one of the forest patches in the country where the original natural Moist Evergreen Tropical Forest habitats and their associated biota are still retained. However, urgent conservation measures are required in order to ensure the long-term persistence of this forest and its associated avifauna
Honey production in Harenna Forest of Southern Bale mountains National Park, Ehtiopia: Economic and conservation perspectives
No full textThe economic and conservation perspectives of traditional, forest-based honey production in the Harenna forest of southern Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP), Ethiopia, were studied mainly focusing on the Rira community. Data on the number of beehives per household, amount of honey produced per hive and price of one kg of honey were gathered through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion. Annual need of food consumption, the price of wheat /barley, traditional techniques of hive preparation and management and trends of production were also investigated. The study results showed that on average, a household owned 50 ± 13 functional hives, and harvested 7 ± 0.6 kg of honey from each hive per year. The mean price of honey per kg was 7±0.8 Birr (current exchange rate $1USD=8.5 Birr). Out of the honey produced about 88 ± 1% is delivered for sale. The potential annual income earned from honey can reach 2027 + 77 Birr per household. This level of income can purchase about 13 + 0.5 quintals of barley /wheat or roughly about 50-65% (6-8 months) of a household’s annual food requirements. The beekeepers use hives constructed predominantly from three tree species; namely, Erythrina brucei, Hagenia abyssinica and Polyscias fulva. Despite some critical constraints such as marketing and lack of trainings on improvement of beekeeping techniques, the economic value of honey for the Rira community is so important that it could be considered as one of the conservation promotion options for the Harenna Forest. All the beekeepers of the area have their own territory in the forest area, which is managed by traditional bylaws, where only the head of the household and his family hang their hives. Therefore, strengthening their traditional beekeeping management, introduction of non-timber materials for hive construction and halting of the present constraints would mutually and sustainably enhance both the livelihood of the community and conservation of the forest resources.Keywords/phrases: Conservation, Economics, Harenna forest, Honey production, Traditional hives, RiraEthiop. J. Biol. Sci., 7(1): 17-33, 200
Short Communication Mountain Nyala and Ethiopian wolf mortalities in the Northern side of Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia
No full textPost-mortem data collected on the mortalities of two endangered endemic mammal species, Mountain Nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni and Ethiopian Wolf Canis simensis during 2002-2007 in the northern Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, were analysed. These data were used to study the proportion of age/sex groups of the dead species, and the proportion of dead individuals by different causes of mortality. Thirty-nine mortality cases were reported for Mountain Nyala, of which more than half (59%) were adult males. Fighting with each other among adult males and dog predation on juveniles were the main causes of mortality of this species. Mortality of four individuals of wolves was reported during the above five years period. Two of them were killed by poisoning and the other two by car accident. This includes a pregnant and the only female among the Gaysay subpopulation. It is revealed that human-induced actions are contributing the major threat for the survival of these two species in the area.Keywords/phrases: Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopian Wolf, Mountain Nyala, Wildlife mortalityEthiop. J. Biol. Sci., 7(2): 179-184, 200
Bird observations in Muktar Mountain Forest, eastern Ethiopia: a previously unidentified Important Bird Area
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Avitourism in Ethiopia: Potential Socio-Economic and Environmental Benefits, Current Status and Suggestions for Future Development
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Species richness and composition of bird community in Abalo-Gunacho Forest, southern Ethiopia
No full textThis paper presents results of avifaunal survey made in Abalo-Gunacho forest, southern Ethiopia, in May 2014 to determine the species richness and to examine guild composition of bird community of the forest. Birds were surveyed using Timed-Species Count technique along eight randomly selected transects. Fifty-one species were observed during the survey period, while Chao 2 species richness estimator predicted that the total number of species pool of the forest’s bird community would be 55 species, suggesting that only few species were missed. This species pool comprises of seven (near) endemic species and ten highland biome- and six Somali-Masai-restricted species, indicating that this forest has significant importance for bird conservation. Based on mean values of the relative abundance index scores obtained from the eight transects, over half of the species recorded were rare. At guild level, bird community of this forest is dominated by those considered to be forest (i.e., dense and woodland forests) species guild, which accounted for about three-fourth of the total species, and by insectivore feeding guild [33 species (65%)]. As these two guilds are known to be very sensitive to forest conversion, their dominance in the present study area may reflect that this forest is relatively in a good condition. In general, regardless of some recently emerging threats (such as cultivation, settlement and gold mining), Abalo-Gunacho forest may represent one of the forest patches in the country where the original natural Moist Evergreen Tropical Forest habitats and their associated biota are still retained. However, urgent conservation measures are required in order to ensure the long-term persistence of this forest and its associated avifauna.Key words/phrases: Abalo-Gunacho forest, Assemblage/guild composition, Important bird area, Rarefaction, Species richness, Timed-Species Coun
Review of Factors Affecting Small Scale Irrigation Schemes in Ethiopia
Get PDFThis paper reviews some of the factors affecting small-scale irrigation schemes in Ethiopia based on Environmental factor, Social and Climate related factor, Irrigation scheduling and Siltation of the structure , lack of awareness creation , Land factors and poor on farm irrigation water management. Ethiopian small-scale irrigation schemes were often characterized by low water use efficiency as a result of poor on farm water management. There is water logging, siltation of the structures, technical constraints, inadequate awareness of irrigation water management, improper irrigation scheduling techniques and operation and maintenance of irrigation facilities problem which affects irrigation schemes. Sedimentation of structures reduces canal conveyance efficiency leading to risk of canal breach, inadequacy and inequity in water distribution to crops. The Main gaps of awareness like, Faulty design, Lack of knowledge on use of modern irrigation technology, Poor land management and Poor management capacity affects small scale irrigation schemes. Therefore investigating the sources, extent, and types of sedimentation entering into scheme, linkage between research and extension, proper irrigation scheduling techniques and awareness creation is the basis for reducing maintenance costs and for effective management of small scale irrigation schemes. Keywards: water management, small scale, irrigation performance, environment, Sedimentation DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/14-12-02 Publication date:September 30th 202
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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