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Evolution in the genus Arum: a comparative analysis of morpohological and genetic variation.
No full textTesting the correlation of morphological and genetic marker variation enables the investigation of evolutionary processes. Knowledge of evolutionary processes can be used
to identify those morphological characters that could be used to produce evolutionary meaningful taxonomies. This thesis aims to test the correlation between morphological and genetic marker variation to further understand the evolution of species within the genus Arum and identify those morphological characters that correspond with evolutionary groups. The investigation is carried out at the intraspecific level, intrageneric level and in a
putative hybrid zone. At the intraspecific level, genetic (ISSR) and morphological variation was quantified in
populations of the morphologically similar species A. maculatum and A. italicum. Populations of A. maculatum showed evidence of isolation by distance, presumably a result of pollinator behaviour and seed dispersal. Leaf patterning in A. maculatum did not correspond to evolutionary lineages. However, similar leaf patterning characters in A. italicum are used to classify the two subspecies neglectum and italicum and the ISSR analysis confirmed that these taxa are genetically distinct. These two subspecies were shown to be interbreeding in sympatric populations. The interbreeding has created a morphological and genetic difference between subsp. neglectum in sympatric populations compared with allopatric populations.
At the intrageneric level, a phylogenetic analysis of Arum (using trnL and ITS 1 sequences) indicated that both vegetative and reproductive characters are convergent within the genus. The apparent convergent evolution of reproductive and vegetative characters indicates that
both have been important during the diversification of the genus. These convergent characters are not useful for producing classifications that reflect evolutionary groups as the groups they produce are polyphyletic. In the putative hybrid zone, ISSR markers confirmed the presence of A. creticum and A. idaeum hybrids. There appears to be introgression of the A. idaeum genome into A. creticum; this could have implications for the future genetic integrity of A. creticum. Within this hybrid zone, continuous characters were found to be representative of genetic variation, however categorical characters were not.
In conclusion, this thesis has shown that even within a single genus, the correlation between morphological and genetic marker variation is influenced by both the taxa being studied and the nature of the morphological trait. In particular, if morphological characters are found to be adaptively important, their correspondence to genetic groups should be tested before their use in taxonomies. The findings of this thesis also suggest there is great value in the complementary use of genetic and morphological analysis for taxonomic studies as well as evolutionary studies. For example, the importance of reproductive characters in the diversification of Arum species has produced a wide range of morphological variation, with
limited taxonomic utility due to a tendency for homoplasy. Vegetative characters were also found to need careful testing before use in taxonomies as leaf patterning was found to correspond to sub-species status for one species of Arum but not another. Finally, this thesis has shown that, if closely related taxa are hybridising, variation of continuous reproductive characters may be used as an indicator of hybridisation, even if the morphological
characters are potentially polygenic
Pembuatan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Klinik dengan Rekam Medis: Studi Kasus di Klinik Kebon Arum Boyolali
Get PDFProses pendaftaran, pemeriksaan, pembayaran, pelaporan dan karyawan administrasi di klinik sangat tidak efisien, dibutuhkan suatu sistem untuk membantu dan mempermudah pengguna dalam proses rekam medis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan sistem informasi manajemen untuk klinik, yaitu klinik Kebon Arum di Boyolali. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Waterfall yang terdiri dari rencana kebutuhan, proses desain, dan implementasi. Aplikasi ini dibangun dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP, codeigniter framework, serta basis data MySQL. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah aplikasi sistem informasi manajemen klinik dan sistem ini dapat mengatasi masalah pada pendaftaran klinik, antrian, layanan, pembayaran dan data pasien
Sosialisasi Pembukuan Sederhana Pada UMKM Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Mekar Arum di Desa Tunggakjati
No full textPerkembangan usaha-usaha kecil dan menengah (UMKM) pada Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Mekar Arum, merupakan salah satu program kerja dari mahasiswa program studi Akuntansi
Potential biological control agents amongst fungi associated with the weed Zantedeschia aethiopica in south-western Australia
Get PDFZantedeschia aethiopica (arum lily) (Araceae) is a noxious weed in south-western Australia (1). Herbicides are either ineffective and/or inappropriate for its control in native forest and bushland. Biological control offers an attractive alternative to chemical means in that it is capable of providing a greater degree of host specificity, and once initiated the control organism is self perpetuating. A search for insects in South Africa, the centre of origin for this weed, found no suitable seed eating insects of Z. aethiopica (2). A search for pathogens of Z. aethiopica as potential biological control agents has not been conducted either in South Africa or Australia. In this study, the populations of Z. aethiopica in south-western Australia were surveyed for fungal pathogens to identify potential mycoherbicide candidates
Arum maculatum Linnaeus 1753
No full textArum maculatum Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 966. 1753. "Habitat in Europa australiore." RCN: 6995. Lectotype (Boyce, Genus Arum: 61. 1993): Herb. Linn. No. 1079.8 (LINN). Generitype of Arum Linnaeus (vide Green, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 186. 1929). Current name: Arum maculatum L. (Araceae). Note: Boyce cited the type specimen as “1078.8” (LINN), a non-existent collection and clearly an error for 1079.8 (LINN).Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 319, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.29197
'Arum pictum'
No full textMaterial and drafts for a paper on the species "Arum pictum", which was cultivated at the botanical garden in Uppsala.
Contains a description in Latin, probably dating to the same period as the description of 'Erica Sparrmanni' (LM/LF/BOT/2/2/3) as the paper and handwriting are the same.
Also contains a pencil drawing, and several drafts and observations in Swedish.
Notes on 'Arum cococasia' also included.
The paper on 'Arum pictum' was never published, despite the entry in "Supplementum plantarum" referring to a paper in "Act. holm." (p. 410
Titan Arum
No full textTitan Arum in the H.F. Thut Greenhouse at Eastern Illinois University is producing its first flower. The Titan Arum or Amorphophallus titanum is a flowering plant with the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world. An exhibit providing a brief history of the plant, information on its reproduction, and pictures of other specimens in bloom is located in the south lobby of Booth Library.https://thekeep.eiu.edu/lib_standalone_exhibits/1004/thumbnail.jp
Development of the flower and inflorescence of Arum italicum (Araceae)
No full textThe spadix of Arum italicum Miller consists of two main parts: a clavate sterile portion (appendix) and a cylindroid fertile portion. In the fertile portion with both male and female zones, there are two zones of sterile flowers (bristles). The basal portion of bristles is surrounded by a verrucose structure consisting of a mass of tissular excrescences. During early stages of development, there is no free space between the different zones of the inflorescence. The elongation of the inflorescence axis is what eventually separates the different zones from each other. There are no atypical flowers that are morphologically intermediate between male and female flowers as is the case in other genera of Aroideae (e.g., Cercestis, Philodendron, Schismatoglottis). The structure of the bristles in the inflorescences of Arum does not correspond to any type of atypical flower (unisexual or bisexual) that has been analysed previously in the Araceae. From a developmental point of view, it is not possible to determine if the bristles correspond to aborted or modified female or male flowers. In the early stages of development, the stamens, staminodes, and appendix are covered by globular masses of extracellular calcium oxalate crystals. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Key words: development, unisexual flowers, gradient, calcium oxalate crystals.Source type: Electronic(1
Arum italicum
No full textFamily name (scientific): Araceae
Scientific name: Arum italicum
Authors names: Mill.
Arum maculatum
No full textFamily name (scientific): Araceae
Scientific name: Arum maculatum
Authors names: L.
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