27 research outputs found
El espacio de lo posible en “La agonía de Rasu Ñiti” de José María Arguedas
No full text“The Agony of Rasu Ñiti” (1963) by José María Arguedas falls within the framework of a literary project of cultural resistance crafted extensively by the author throughout his work. Far from conveying a message on the order of the world or depicting the conflicts of a culture that refuses to disappear, this story presents Andean space and time as coordinates in which the impossible is possible for the Western gaze and the modern world. Therein lie the subversive elements of the text and the political nature of its outlook. Here, the Dansak (Scissors Dancer) transcends from death to life, without any question, restoring previous scenes and anticipating others to come, before the gaze of some character-spectators, inhabitants of this common multisensory and polyphonic ritual space, developed through writing that evokes oral and theatrical traditions.“La agonía de Rasu Ñiti” (1963) de José María Arguedas se inscribe en el marco de un proyecto literario de resistencia cultural ampliamente trabajado por el autor a lo largo de su obra. En este relato, lejos de transmitirse un mensaje acerca del orden del mundo o de las formas de representar los conflictos de una cultura que se niega a desaparecer, se propone el espacio y tiempo andinos como coordenadas en las que es posible lo imposible para la mirada occidental y el mundo moderno. En ello radica lo subversivo del texto y lo político de su planteamiento. Aquí el Dansak transita, sin cuestionamiento alguno, desde la muerte a la vida, restaurando escenas anteriores y anticipando otras por venir ante la mirada de unos personajes-espectadores, habitantes de este espacio ritual común multisensorial y polifónico planteado a través de una escritura evocadora de oralidad y teatralidad
Criminal characterization of instigation of national, ethnic and racial hatred
No full textBakalaura darba tēma „Nacionālā, etniskā un rasu naida izraisīšanas krimināltiesiskais raksturojums”. Darba mērķis ir veikt Krimināllikuma 78.pantā paredzētā noziedzīgā nodarījuma sastāva analīzi, kā arī pierādīt hipotēzi, ka ir jāveic nacionālā, etniskā un rasu naida izraisīšanas valodnieciskā un krimināltiesiskā precizēšana, jo pašreizējā Krimināllikuma 78.panta redakcija nenodrošina vienveidīgu šo jēdzienu izpratni, tādā veidā radot praktiskas piemērošanas problēmas.
Darbā analizēts rasu, etniskā, nacionālā un reliģiskā naida nozieguma un naida runas jēdziens, sniegts ieskats šī noziedzīgā nodarījuma tiesiskajā regulēšanā citu valstu krimināltiesībās. Darbā izmantoti Latvijas un ārvalstu autoru zinātniskie darbi krimināltiesībās, tiesību teorijā un valodniecībā, kā arī Eiropas Savienības un Latvijas normatīvie akti – tiesiskā bāze, informatīvie un statistikas dati un prakses materiāli. Autors piedāvā veikt konkrētus grozījumus Krimināllikumā.The title of bachelors thesis is ,,Criminal characterization of instigation of national, ethnic and racial hatred’’. The aim is to make criminal analysis of section 78 of the criminal law, as well as proving the hypothesis, that linguistic and criminal classification of instigation of national, ethnic and racial hatred is needed, because the current version of the section 78 of criminal law does not provide a uniform understanding of this concept, thereby creating problems of practical application.
Bachelors thesis contains analysis of hate speech as well as hate crime regarding race, ethnicity, nationality and religious beliefs. Author examined the legal framework of similar offences of criminal law in other countries. The paper contains analysis of ideas proposed in scientific publications by Latvian and foreign authors on criminal law, theory of law, linguistics as well as regulations of Latvia and European Union – legal basis, the information and statistical data and judicature
Instigation of national, Ethnic and Racial Hetred
No full textBakalaura darbā ir analizēts Krimināllikuma 78.pantā ietvertais nacionālā, etniskā un rasu naida izraisīšanas aizliegums, kas ar atsevišķām atšķirībām formulējumos pastāv daudzu pasaules valstu likumos. Prasība nepieļaut nacionālo un rasu naidu izriet no vairākiem fundamentāliem starptautiskiem dokumentiem. Latvijā naida izraisīšanas jautājums kļūst arvien aktuālāks, valstī pieaugot cilvēktiesību, demokrātijas un tiesiskuma nozīmei. Pētījuma ietvaros tiek veikta Krimināllikuma 78.panta pamatsastāva un kvalificētā sastāva analīze, skatīti nodarījuma norobežošanas jautājumi, kā arī iezīmēta panta iztulkošanas un piemērošanas problemātika. Autors secina, ka būtiskas neskaidrības skar tieši pantā lietoto terminoloģiju, kas sniedz pārāk plašas normas interpretācijas iespējas, jo Krimināllikuma 78.pantā nav atrodamas tādu svarīgu jēdzienu definīcijas kā „rase”, „nacionāls”, „etnisks”, „naids” „nesaticība” un „izraisīšana”, kas savukārt bieži noved pie normas nepareizas piemērošanas. Vienlaikus tiek secināts, ka Latvijas krimināltiesību teorijā nav vienota pozīcija par to, kas ir Krimināllikuma 78.panta paredzētā nodarījuma objekts un kā izpaužas tā objektīvā puse. Ir negatīvi vērtējams apstāklis, ka, norobežojot Krimināllikuma 78.panta paredzēto nodarījumu no līdzīgiem nodarījumiem, tiesa dažreiz nepievērš pietiekamu uzmanību nodarījuma mērķim. Tāpat darbā ir aplūkots rasu naida izraisīšanas starptautiskais regulējums, kā arī citu valstu normatīvajos aktos reglamentētais rasu naida izraisīšanas aizliegums. No starptautisko tiesību viedokļa rasu naida izraisīšana ir viena no rasu diskriminācijas formām, taču dažu darbā aplūkoto valstu likumdevēji, tai skaitā arī Latvijas, ir izvēlējušies nodalīt atbildību par rasu naida izraisīšanu no atbildības par rasu diskrimināciju. Atšķirīga likumdevēju pieeja ir vērojama arī nodarījuma objektīvās puses formulējumos. Bažas rada apstāklis, ka Krimināllikuma 78.pants pašreiz neaptver to gadījumu tiesisko regulējumu, kad izteikumi vai darbības rada naidu vai nesaticību pret kādu identificējamu personu grupu, kas nav minēta Krimināllikuma 78.pantā, jo vairuma valstu krimināltiesiskais regulējums paredz plašu pret naidu aizsargājamo personu loku, kas neaprobežojas vienīgi ar nacionālo vai etnisko grupu aizsardzību. Pētījuma rezultātā autors ierosina veikt nepieciešamās izmaiņas pašreizējā regulējumā, kas atvieglotu konkrētas normas iztulkošanu un padarītu tās piemērošanu efektīgāku.This bachelor’s paper focuses on the analysis of prohibition of instigation of national, ethnic and racial hatred, contained in Article 78 of the Criminal Law and with certain differences in formulations exists in the laws of number of countries of the world. The requirement not to allow national and racial hatred stems from number of fundamental international documents. In Latvia the issue of instigation of hatred is becoming topical, while the meaning of human rights, democracy and the rule of law is increasing in the country. Within the scope of the study the author analyzes the basic content and qualified content of Article 78 of the Criminal Law, reviews the issues of segregation of offence, as well as outlines the problems of interpretation and application of the said Article. The author concludes that the main discrepancies arise out of the terminology used in the Article, which provides for too broad possibilities of interpretation of the provision, because Article 78 of the Criminal Law dos not contain the definition of such important terms as “race”, “national”, “ethnic”, “hatred”, “enmity” and “instigation”, which consequently often leads to incorrect application of the provision. At the same time it is concluded that there is no unified standpoint in Latvian criminal law theory as to what the object of the offence prescribed by Article 78 of the Criminal Law is and how its objective part is expressed. The fact that, by segregating the offence prescribed by Article 78 of the Criminal Law from similar offences, the court in some cases does not pay sufficient attention to the purpose of the offence, is to be assessed negatively. The paper also contains the review of international regulation of instigation of racial hatred, as well as the prohibition of instigation of racial hatred governed by laws and regulations of other countries. From the point of view of international law, the instigation of racial hatred is one of the forms of racial discrimination; nevertheless, the legislators of number of countries studied in the bachelor’s paper, including also Latvia, have chosen to segregate the liability for instigation of racial hatred from liability for racial discrimination. Different legislative approach is to be found also in formulations of objective part of the offence. The issue of concern is that Article 78 of the Criminal Law currently does not cover the legal regulation of those cases, when statements or activities create hatred or enmity regarding certain identifiable group of individuals, not mentioned in Article 78 of the Criminal Law, because the criminal regulation of majority of the countries provides fro a wide scope of individuals to be protected from hatred, not limited merely to protection of national or ethnic groups. As a result of the study, the author offers to introduce the changes in the existing regulation, necessary to facilitate the interpretation of the particular provision and making the application thereof more efficient
Effect of coordination mode of thiosemicarbazone on the biological activities of its Ru(II)-benzene complexes: Biomolecular interactions and anticancer activity via ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis
No full textRu(II)-benzene complexes (P1 and P2) were synthesized using a thiosemicarbazone ligand (L1) in two different coordination modes, monodentate S and bidentate N,S, through carefully adjusted reaction conditions. Comprehensive characterization of the complexes was achieved through single crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing a piano-stool geometry around the Ru(II) ion. To evaluate the binding capabilities of the complexes towards CT DNA and BSA, UV–Vis and/or hydrodynamic methods were utilized. Docking studies further validated the intercalative binding mode with DNA, in agreement with the experimental findings, and identified specific BSA amino acids involved in the binding interactions. Based on the results of binding studies, cytotoxicity of the ligand and complexes was appraised in various cancer and normal cell lines alongside the commercial pharmaceutics. Complexes P1 and P2 displayed a promising activity against MDA-MB-231 [IC50 = 5.11 (P1) and 3.48 μM (P2)] and PANC-1 [IC50 = 7.20 (P1) and 4.85 μM (P2)] cancer cells; with the bidentate system (P2) exhibiting a higher activity than its monodentate congener P1, although both of them showed superior activity than the reference drugs. Various bioassays including Western blot analysis revealed the mode of cell death to be apoptosis, which was further concluded to be via the ROS-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway
Criminal Liability for Causing National, Ethnic and Racial Hatred
No full textIzvēlētā bakalaura darba tēma ir „Kriminālatbildība par nacionālā, etniskā un rasu naida izraisīšanu.”
Darbs sastāv no satura rādītāja, ievada, četrām nodaļām ar apakšnodaļām un kopsavilkuma (tēzēm). Darba rakstīšanā tiek izmantoti likumi, literatūra, juridiskās prakses materiāli un interneta resursi.
Bakalaura darba mērķis: likumiskā ceļā aizliegt darbības, kas izpaužas kā Latvijas valsts neatkarības zaimošana.
Darbā tika izmantotas sekojošas zinātniskās pētīšanas metodes: vēsturiskā un salīdzinošā jeb komparatīvā metode.
Bakalaura darbs sastāv no četrām nodaļām. Pirmajā nodaļā tiek aplūkoti Latvijai saistošie starptautiskie tiesību avoti par nacionālā, etniskā un rasu naida izraisīšanu, kā arī Krimināllikuma 78. pantam saistoši nacionālie tiesību akti. Otrajā nodaļā tiek aplūkota nacionālā, etniskā un rasu naida izraisīšanu citās pasaules valstīs. Trešajā nodaļā tiek aplūkots Latvijas PSR Kriminālkodeksa 69. pants. Ceturtajā nodaļā tiek veikta noziedzīga nodarījuma par nacionālā, etniskā un rasu naida izraisīšanu kvalifikācija.
Kopsavilkumā autore pauž darba izstrādes rezultātā iegūtos secinājumus un priekšlikumus par nepieciešamajām izmaiņām Latvijas Republikas normatīvajos aktos.The theme of the bachelor thesis is "Criminal Liability for Causing National, Ethnic and Racial Hatred"
The paper consists of index, introduction, four chapters with subchapters and summary (thesis). Laws of the Republic of Latvia, bibliography, internet sources and materials of legal practice have been used.
The aim of the paper is to prohibit actions in a legal way which manifest themselves as the blasphemy of independence of the Latvian State.
The following research methods were used in the paper: historical and comparative.
The paper consists of four chapters: The first chapter looks at binding sources of international law on national, ethnic and racial hatred, as well as the national legislation binding to the Criminal Law, article no. 78.The second chapter deals with national, ethnic and racial hatred in other parts of the world. The third chapter is addressed to the Latvian SSR Criminal Code's article no. 69. The fourth chapter states the classification of the criminal offense for national, ethnic and racial hatred.
In summary, the author expresses the conclusions obtained during the research as well as states her proposals for the necessary changes in the regulative acts of the Republic of Latvia
Instigation of national, ethnic and racial hatred and the rights to freedom of expression
No full textBakalaura darbā tiek apskatīts atbildības par nacionālā, etniskā un rasu naida izraisīšanu regulējums Krimināllikumā un starptautiskajos tiesību aktos saistībā ar tiesībām uz vārda brīvību. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt nacionālā, etniskā un rasu naida izraisīšanas krimināltiesisko regulējumu Latvijā un starptautiskajā līmenī, ar to saistītos problēmjautājumus, kā arī analizēt naida runas kolidēsanu ar tiesībām uz vārda brīvību. Lai sasniegtu darba mērķi autore pēta naida vai nesaticības izraisīšanas būtību, jēdzienu nozīmi un tendences Latvijā, analizē tiesību uz vārda brīvību un naida izraisīšanas norobežošanu, veic Krimināllikuma 78.pantā ietvertā noziedzīga nodarījuma sastāva analīzi, kā arī salīdzina krimināltiesisko regulējumu ārvalstīs. Darba rezultātā tiek secināts, ka naida izraisīšanas atšķiršanai no vārda brīvības Latvijas tiesu praksē ir piemēroti starptautiskajā tiesu praksē nostiprinātie kritēriji. Tomēr autore uzskata, lai pilnvērtīgi sasniegtu Krimināllikuma 78.panta mērķi, ir nepieciešami uzlabojumi tā praktiskā piemērošanā.The bachelor thesis examines the regulation of liability for incitement to national, ethnic and racial hatred in the Criminal Code of Latvia and international law in relation to the right to freedom of expression. The aim of the thesis is to examine the criminal law regulation of incitement to national, ethnic and racial hatred both in Latvia and at the international level, the issues related to it, as well as to analyse the collision of hate speech with the right to freedom of expression. To achieve the aim of the thesis, the author examines the nature of incitement to hatred or intolerance, the meaning of the concepts and tendency in Latvia, analyses the borderline between the right to freedom of expression and incitement to hatred, analyses the elements of the criminal offence under Article 78 of the Criminal Code of Latvia, and compares the criminal law regulations in foreign countries. As a result, it is concluded that in the Latvian court practice the criteria established in the international case law are applicable for the delimitation of incitement to hatred from freedom of expression. However, the author believes that in order to fully achieve the purpose of Article 78 of the Criminal Code of Latvia, it is necessary to improve its practical application
Family and war stressfactors
No full textAutor prikazuje psihodinamiku čovjekova razvoja u povoljnim uvjetima, od gamete do zrelosti i kreativnosti, koje nikada nisu konačne. Socijalizaciju, civilizaciju i kulturu vidi kao rezultat stečene čovjekove prilagodljivosti. Na životnom putu, kojega sam i uz pomoć drugih stvara, čovjek je u povijesnom smislu sporo kotrljajuće ali trajne promjene. Međutim, rat se suprotstavlja razvoju čovjeka, civilizaciji, socijalizaciji i kulturi. Autor vidi obvezu čovjeka bez obzira na dob, spol i rasu kao pojedinca i humane zajednice kao cjeline, u pružanju aktivnog otpora i konfrontaciji začetnicima i protagonistima rata i nepovoljnim uvjetima razvoja čovjeka. Rad specijalno govori o razvoju djeteta u povoljnim i nepovoljnim uvjetima.The author reviews the psychodynamics of human development in favourable conditions, from a gamete to maturity and creativity that are never final. He believes socialization, civilization and culture to be the results of the acquired human adaptability. In the course of one’s life, that one creates alone and with the help of others, man is in the historic sense of a slowly but permanently changing nature. War opposes human development, civilization, socialization and culture. The author believes that it is the obligation of man, regardless of the age, sex or race, both as an individual and as a whole community to put up an active resistance and to confront the initiators and protagonists of war and unfavourable conditions for human develpoment. The paper discusses specifically the development of a child in favourable and unfavourable conditions
Violation of religious feelings and incitement of religious hatred
No full textKrimināllikuma 150.pants paredz atbildību par personu reliģisko jūtu aizskaršanu vai naida celšanu sakarā ar šo personu attieksmi pret reliģiju vai ateismu. Apzinoties, ka forum internum – personas iekšējā pārliecība, sirdsapziņas brīvība –, kamēr tā netiek publiski manifestēta, ir ne tikai neaizskarama, bet to izdarīt ir pat neiespējami, autore polemizē par apskatītā panta vietu Krimināllikumā un tajā paredzētā noziedzīgā nodarījuma sastāva sadursmi ar tiesībām uz vārda brīvību. Kontekstā ar nesenajiem grozījumiem, ar kuriem goda un cieņas aizskaršana tika dekriminalizēta, autore piedāvā to Krimināllikuma 150.panta daļu, kas paredz atbildību par reliģisko jūtu aizskaršanu, izslēgt, savukārt reliģiskā naida celšanu apvienot vienā pantā ar normu, kas paredz atbildību par nacionālā, etniskā un rasu naida izraisīšanu.Section 150 of the Criminal Law determines criminal responsibility for committing violation of religious feelings of persons or incitement of hatred in connection with the attitudes of such persons towards religion or atheism. While acknowledging that forum internum – the inner creed of a person –, while it is not manifested publicly, is not only to be interfered with, but to do so would even be impossible, the author argues about the place of said Section in the Criminal Law. In the context with a recent amendment of the law that decriminalized offences against honour and dignity, the author proposes to exclude the part of Section 150 that determines responsibility for violating religious feelings of a person, and to combine the rest of it with a norm which determines responsibility for triggering of national, ethnic and racial hatred
Investigation into the properties of a ruthenium(polypyridyl)-NHC compound
No full textThe asymmetric imidazolium salt [Ru(dmbpy)2(bpip)](PF6)3 (bpip = 1-benzyl-3-isopropyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolinium) was prepared by a four-step synthetic route. The isotopomer labelled with 13C at the C2 position of bpip was prepared from 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diamine and triethyl orthoformate-(formyl-13C). Deprotonation at low temperatures in acetonitrile using KOtBu and KHMDS were monitored by NMR to investigate the formation of the free N-heterocyclic carbene.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Etics in E-zines
No full textIstraživanje provedeno kvantitativnom i kvalitativnom metodom analize sadržaja pojedinih hrvatskih internetskih glasila pokazalo je da skriveni anonimnošću, pojedinci slobodu izražavanja, koja je blagodat Interneta, vulgariziraju i pretvaraju je u netrpeljivost prema drugima, izljeve mržnje i anarhiju. Umjesto na gledišta, gnjev se usmjerava na autora, njegovu obitelj, narod, vjeru ili rasu, pokazalo je ovo istraživanje. Sloboda je pravo ljudi na istinito, točno, pošteno, uravnoteženo i nepristrano izvještavanje, sloboda je i korištenje po hrvatskom zakonodavstvu priznatog prava na ispravak, a sloboda je i pravo da se ne gleda neka emisija ili ne čitaju napisi pojedinih autora. Ali, sloboda nikad nije bila, niti će biti, ugrožavanje prava drugih, što nažalost još uvijek nije zaživjelo kao pravilo ponašanja u dvosmjernom komuniciranju posredstvom internetskih glasila.Research conducted with quantitative and qualitative content analysis method of certain Croatian E-zines revealed how individuals, hidden by anonymity, one of Internet’s major benefits, vulgarize freedom of speech and turn it into intolerance towards others, eruptions of hatred and anarchy.
Instead on aspects, anger is aimed on author, his family, nation, religion or race, according to this research. Freedom is the right of people on truthful, accurate, fair, balanced and unbiased information coverage, freedom is the ability to use right on corrective amendment, acknowledged by Croatian law system, and freedom is also the right not to watch some programs and shows or not to read articles by certain authors.
But, freedom was never, nor it will become, the right to imperil rights of others, which unfortunately still didn’t live up to be rule of conduct in bidirectional communication through E-zines
