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Children's Rights and the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child; Relevancy of Neuroscience in UK Youth Justice
No full textIn General Comment 24, the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in 2019 recognised the importance of the latest neuroscientific research on adolescent brain development to youth justice. This chapter will frame the UNCRC observations and contentious comments about age and child justice systems by examining the current neuroscientific evidence. The UNCRC advocates for removing developmentally delayed children and those with neurodevelopmental disorders or disabilities from the criminal justice system’s remit, including the abolition of low minimum ages of criminal responsibility. However, there is a conflict between this view adopted by the UNCRC concerning children’s capacity and (im)maturity (with developmental delays, neurodevelopmental disorders, and disabilities) and the responses of state parties in the United Kingdom. This chapter examines the extent to which the UNCRC’s approach is being procedurally implemented in state parties concerning neuroscience and what this means for the relevancy of neuroscience in policy reform
Children’s Rights and the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child: Relevancy of Neuroscience in UK Youth Justice
No full textRecommended from our members
Outlining the Relationship Between the English Youth Justice System and the Developmental Neurobiology of the Human Brain The Justice System and Developmental Neurobiology
No full textNeuroscience is the study of the molecular, cellular, developmental, physiological, and cognitive processes that underlie nervous system function and, ultimately, behaviour. It rests upon the notion that the mind and behaviour have a physical basis in the brain that underpins how people think and act in specific ways. Modern neuroscience has revealed many processes and mechanisms underpinning cognitive development and its behavioural correlates. It has illuminated how the brain is highly plastic throughout postnatal development, including adolescence. Genetic variation and lived experience impact these processes and underscore the aetiology of developmental neurological conditions (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and developmental learning disorders). In this chapter, we will argue that what has emerged in the 21st century, alongside greater understanding, is a consensus about how the human brain develops before and during adolescence. This has profound implications for how the English criminal justice system imposes criminal responsibility upon children and young people
Arthur Ray, stage actor
No full textArthur Ray, stage actorTo order a reproduction, inquire about permissions, or for information about prices see:
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International perspectives of neuroscience in the youth justice courtroom /
No full text"This collection presents international viewpoints on interdisciplinary problems that fall under the new and emerging field of neurojustice. The chapters critically explore a wide range of legal problems in youth justice for children and young persons through a neuroscientific lens. This comparative view is informed by analyses from academics and legal practitioners based in England and Wales, Ireland, the United States, and New Zealand. The work brings together a range of perspectives to discuss the use and relevance of neuroscience in the youth justice courtroom, and how neuroscience is currently benefiting and impacting children and young persons in international youth justice trials. The book makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature in this field by offering a thorough examination of the intersection between these disciplines for children and young individuals at different stages of the trial process, including unfitness to plead, sentencing, and mens rea. It will appeal to students, academics and practitioners worldwide working in the areas of Criminal Law, Neurolaw, Neuroethics, Juvenile Law, and Comparative Law"-
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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