1,721,333 research outputs found
The increasing role of human rights bodies in climate litigation
No full textThis briefing aims to shed light on the role that human rights bodies currently play in climate litigation. The briefing illustrates the different features of climate complaints brought before national and international human rights bodies so far, developing a typology of such complaints. Drawing on this analysis, the briefing also identifies and summarises some of the principal obstacles that stand in the way of human rights bodies addressing climate change. It concludes with some brief reflections and recommendations on the potential future contribution of these bodies
The role of human rights bodies in climate litigation
No full textClimate litigation is rising to the surface as a valuable instrument to plug the accountability gaps left by international and national climate change law. Human rights arguments are increasingly used as a legal ground for this litigation. Alongside domestic courts, national and international human rights bodies, i.e. national human rights institutions, United Nations human rights mechanisms and regional human rights bodies, emerge as suitable legal venues for climate complaints. The present report aims to shed light on the role that these bodies play and will play in climate litigation. To this end, following an overview of the impacts of climate change and of climate change response measures on the enjoyment of human rights, the report proposes a typology of climate complaints filed with human rights bodies. The report distinguishes between ‘pro climate’ and ‘just transition’ complaints, and identifies the main applicants and defendants involved, the types of climate action concerned and the specific human rights that are used as legal grounds for climate complaints. The typology is displayed also by means of illustrative tables. The report highlights then the specific legal hurdles faced by climate complainants before human rights bodies, both procedural (‘victim status requirement’, ‘extraterritorial jurisdiction’, and ‘exhaustion of domestic remedies’), and substantive (causation, attribution, and due diligence standard). The report offers some explanation on how and to what extent such obstacles can be overcome in the future
Arpitha - hippocentre Podolí u Brna
No full textBaklářská práce navazuje na předmět AG 032 absolvovaný v druhém ročníku studia. Tématem je návrh areálu hipocentra Arpitha v obci Podolí u Brna. Pozemek se nachází na jižním svahu kopce mimo centrum obce. Vedle řešeného území je areál bývalého JZD. Samotné hipocentrum jsem navrhovala v duchu rodinné stáje, kde bude kvalitní a příjemné prostředí pro rozvoj rekreačních jezdeckých disciplín, pro umožnění příležitostných školních zájezdů a příležitostných závodů. Areál nabízí ustájení 14 koní se zázemím, prostorné výběhy, halu s jezdeckou plochou 20 × 40 m a tribunou s hygienickým zázemím. Součástí komplexu je i kruhová jízdárna, minizoo, prostor pro uskladnění 190 balíků sena a pilin a také zázemí pro jezdce a členy klubu s klubovnou a klubovou saunou.The bachelor's thesis follows the course AG 032 completed in the second year of studies. The main topic is the design of the Arpitha Hippocenter complex in the village of Podolí u Brna. The land is located on the southern slope of the hill outside the village center. Next to the area of our concern, there is the premises of the former collective farm (JZD) located. The design of my hippocenter project is in the vein of a family stable, with emphasis on quality and pleasant environment for the recreational riding disciplines skills development. The complex should offer safe space for possible school trips and occasional races. The complex provides stables for 14 horses with facilities, spacious paddocks, a hall with a riding area of 20 × 40 m and a grandstand with sanitary facilities. Also, a circular riding hall, a mini zoo, storage of 190 bales of hay and sawdust and facilities for riders and club members with a clubhouse and club sauna are included.
Ideal Membership Problem for Boolean Minority and Dual Discriminator
No full textThe polynomial Ideal Membership Problem (IMP) tests if an input polynomial f ∈ [x_1,… ,x_n] with coefficients from a field belongs to a given ideal I ⊆ [x_1,… ,x_n]. It is a well-known fundamental problem with many important applications, though notoriously intractable in the general case. In this paper we consider the IMP for polynomial ideals encoding combinatorial problems and where the input polynomial f has degree at most d = O(1) (we call this problem IMP_d).
A dichotomy result between "hard" (NP-hard) and "easy" (polynomial time) IMPs was achieved for Constraint Satisfaction Problems over finite domains [Andrei A. Bulatov, 2017; Dmitriy Zhuk, 2020] (this is equivalent to IMP_0) and IMP_d for the Boolean domain [Mastrolilli, 2019], both based on the classification of the IMP through functions called polymorphisms. For the latter result, there are only six polymorphisms to be studied in order to achieve a full dichotomy result for the IMP_d. The complexity of the IMP_d for five of these polymorphisms has been solved in [Mastrolilli, 2019] whereas for the ternary minority polymorphism it was incorrectly declared in [Mastrolilli, 2019] to have been resolved by a previous result. In this paper we provide the missing link by proving that the IMP_d for Boolean combinatorial ideals whose constraints are closed under the minority polymorphism can be solved in polynomial time. This completes the identification of the precise borderline of tractability for the IMP_d for constrained problems over the Boolean domain. We also prove that the proof of membership for the IMP_d for problems constrained by the dual discriminator polymorphism over any finite domain can also be found in polynomial time. Bulatov and Rafiey [Andrei A. Bulatov and Akbar Rafiey, 2020] recently proved that the IMP_d for this polymorphism is decidable in polynomial time, without needing a proof of membership. Our result gives a proof of membership and can be used in applications such as Nullstellensatz and Sum-of-Squares proofs
Ideal Membership Problem and a Majority Polymorphism over the Ternary Domain
No full textThe Ideal Membership Problem (IMP) asks if an input polynomial f ∈ [x₁,… ,x_n] with coefficients from a field belongs to an input ideal I ⊆ [x₁,… ,x_n]. It is a well-known fundamental problem with many important applications, though notoriously intractable in the general case. In this paper we consider the IMP for polynomial ideals encoding combinatorial problems and where the input polynomial f has degree at most d = O(1) (we call this problem IMP_d). Our main interest is in understanding when the inherent combinatorial structure of the ideals makes the IMP_d "hard" (NP-hard) or "easy" (polynomial time) to solve.
Such a dichotomy result between "hard" and "easy" IMPs was recently achieved for Constraint Satisfaction Problems over finite domains [Andrei A. Bulatov, 2017; Dmitriy Zhuk, 2017] (this is equivalent to IMP₀) and IMP_d for the Boolean domain [Mastrolilli, 2019], both based on the classification of the IMP through functions called polymorphisms. For the latter result, each polymorphism determined the complexity of the computation of a suitable Gröbner basis.
In this paper we consider a 3-element domain and a majority polymorphism (constraints under this polymorphism are a generalisation of the 2-SAT problem). By using properties of the majority polymorphism and assuming graded lexicographic ordering of monomials, we show that the reduced Gröbner basis of ideals whose varieties are closed under the majority polymorphism can be computed in polynomial time. This proves polynomial time solvability of the IMP_d for these constrained problems. We conjecture that this result can be extended to a general finite domain of size k = O(1). This is a first step towards the long term and challenging goal of generalizing the dichotomy results of solvability of the IMP_d for a finite domain
Hippocenter Arpitha Podolí u Brna
No full textThe topic of the bachelor's thesis is the Hippocentrum Arpitha in Podolí near Brno. This is a medium-sized riding area for training and housing 15 horses and the possibility of opening the area to the general public. The thesis of opening up to the public was crucial to the design approach. The area is divided into two main parts, the first as facilities for the riders and owners of the area, including accommodation, wellness, changing rooms, hygienic and technical facilities. And then the second part for the public with a cafe offering views of the valley and horse pastures, public sanitary facilities, technical and cleaning areas, as well as the main riding area with an auditorium and a walkway. The building is equipped with a spacious foyer that allows company or private parties to be held and creates organizational space in the event of a suburban camp. These two different spaces are contrasted by the appearance of the facades and are connected by a public courtyard dominated by a mature tree. The yard space is partially covered with a subtle monolithic structure. The area is complemented by the necessary storage areas for hay, straw, sawdust and also a manure pit. There are also parking areas for the public on the property, including parking spaces for cars and buses. The parking area is connected to the main building by a paved path that leads around the horse training area, offering the possibility to watch the horses from the residence staircase. There are 4 entrances to serve the area, two operational and two for the public
Arpitha - hippocentre Podolí u Brna
No full textThe bachelor's thesis follows the course AG 032 completed in the second year of studies. The main topic is the design of the Arpitha Hippocenter complex in the village of Podolí u Brna. The land is located on the southern slope of the hill outside the village center. Next to the area of our concern, there is the premises of the former collective farm (JZD) located. The design of my hippocenter project is in the vein of a family stable, with emphasis on quality and pleasant environment for the recreational riding disciplines skills development. The complex should offer safe space for possible school trips and occasional races. The complex provides stables for 14 horses with facilities, spacious paddocks, a hall with a riding area of 20 × 40 m and a grandstand with sanitary facilities. Also, a circular riding hall, a mini zoo, storage of 190 bales of hay and sawdust and facilities for riders and club members with a clubhouse and club sauna are included
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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